Ringer's Solution

Intravenous volume loading is a common treatment when hypovolemia is a potential cause of oliguria. We studied whether the effectiveness of Ringer's solution and 20% albumin in inducing diuresis differs depending on the mean arterial pressure (MAP). For this purpose, volume kinetic analysis was performed based on urine output and hemoglobin-derived plasma dilution obtained during and after 136 infusions of Ringer and 85 infusions of 20% albumin. Covariance analysis quantified the diuretic response at different arterial pressures. The results show that the diuretic response to a known plasma volume expansion was greater for Ringer's solution above a MAP of 70 mmHg, while 20% albumin was significantly more effective at lower pressures (p < 0.03). Simulations of the urinary output in response to infusion of a predefined fluid volume yielded superior efficacy for 20% albumin when the MAP was low, while Ringer's was similarly effective when the MAP averaged 100 mmHg. In conclusion, urine output in response to plasma volume expansion with 20% albumin was similar to, or even stronger, than that of Ringer's solution when the MAP was below 70 mmHg.

ObjectiveTo compare the fluid resuscitation effect of sodium acetate Ringer's solution and sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution on patients with traumatic haemorrhagic shock.MethodWe conducted a prospective cohort study in our emergency department on a total of 71 patients with traumatic haemorrhagic shock admitted between 1 December 2020 and 28 February 2022. Based on the time of admission, patients were randomly divided into a sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution group and sodium acetate Ringer's solution group, and a limited rehydration resuscitation strategy was adopted in both groups. General data were collected separately, and the patients' vital signs (body temperature, respiration, blood pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP)), blood gas indices (pH, calculated bicarbonate (cHCO3-), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and clearance of lactate (CLac)), shock indices, peripheral platelet counts, prothrombin times and plasma fibrinogen levels were measured and compared before and 1 h after resuscitation.ResultsThe post-resuscitation heart rate of the sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution group was significantly lower than that of the sodium acetate Ringer's solution group (p 3- and PaO2 values and lower pCO2 and CLac values (p ConclusionSodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution is beneficial for maintaining MAP at a low level after resuscitation. The use of sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution in limited fluid resuscitation has positive results and is of high clinical value.

BackgroundMicrodialysis is promising technique for dynamic microbiochemical sampling from tissues. However, the application of typical aqueous perfusates to liposoluble substances is limited. In this study, a novel microemulsion (ME)-based isotonic perfusate (RS-ME) was prepared to improve the recovery of liposoluble components using microdialysis probes.ResultsBased on pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and comparisons of the ME area, Kolliphor® EL and Transcutol® P were selected as the surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively, with a weight ratio (Km) of 2:1 and ethyl oleate as the oil phase. The ME was mixed with Ringer's solution at a 1:6 ratio (v/v) to obtain the isotonic RS-ME. The droplet size distribution of the ME in RS-ME was 78.3 ± 9.2 nm, with a zeta potential of - 3.5 ± 0.3 mV. By microdialysis perfusion, RS-ME achieved higher recovery rates of the poorly water-soluble compounds evodiamine (EVO) and ruthenium (RUT), i.e., 58.36 ± 0.57% and 49.40 ± 0.57%, respectively, than those of 20% (v/v) PEG 400 Ringer's solution (RS-PEG) and 10% (v/v) ethanol Ringer's solution (RS-EtOH). In vivo microdialysis experiments confirmed that RS-ME captured EVO and RUT molecules around the dialysis membrane more efficiently and exhibited less spreading than RS-PEG and RS-EtOH.ConclusionsOwing to the nanosized droplets formed by lipid components in the RS-ME and the limited dispersion out of the dialysis membrane, we obtained good biocompatibility and reliable dialysis results, without affecting the tissue microenvironment. As a novel perfusate, RS-ME provides an easy and reliable approach to the microdialysis sampling of fat-soluble components.