I have attempted to give the authors of articles on taxonomy, with the dates of their publication, which supplies something of a guide to ostracod workers on the importance of the various journals.
During the 19th Century it was customary to indicate the date on which a paper was presented before a learned society, and many references give this date instead of the actual date of publication. Again, during war years, many European journals fell behind in publication, and issued Journals for particular years at dates much later than normal. Sometimes these later dates are indicated on the title page, sometimes they are omitted, sometimes they are shown as footnotes to particular articles. Occasionally preprints of certain articles were issued several years before the full volume was issued. From this outline it is understandable why so many dates given in bibliographies are erroneous, occasionally by as much as ten years. These erroneous listings have caused me to purchase many microfilms which did not deal with ostracoda at alle I have attempted by every means at my command to verify the dates given in my Index and Bibliography, but feel that some error is unavoidable. I will appreciate readers calling my attention to any such errorSe Probably the greatest difficulty in obtaining microfilm copies of articles, is the failure of authors to give the record of pages and plates when citing an article. I have
frequently had to purchase whole volumes on microfilm in order to find the description of a single species. I naturally found it necessary to have the title page of the volume in which an article was published photographed, but it has not always been easy to get libraries to do this, or to photograph the plates at the end of a volume, particularly when no plates were indicated in the original reference. This difficulty, however, usually appears only with microfilm departments which have been recently established. While some libraries are not too well equipped for microfilming as yet, I wish to particularly express my appreciation to the following libraries for the prompt, courteous, exact service which they have rendered me over the years I have been gathering ostracod literature: the Universities of Illinois, California, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Washington, Chicago, Notre Dame, Ohio State University, Iowa State College, Yale, Harvard, Columbia, Cornell, the Library of Congress, and the New York State Department | of Agriculture Library.
I am also indebted to the following libraries and individuals for the loan of books or articles which were microfilmed by Mr. Guidry of the Louisiana State University Library for me: Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, Boston Public Library, Brown University, New York Public Library, Mt. Holyoke, Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, Stanford, Rice,
Texas, Princeton, The John Crear Library, The United States Geological Survey, Stuart Levinson, Morton Stephenson, Harbans Puri, and Tetsuro Hanai.
I gratefully acknowledge much help from the following, who have over the years exchanged publications with me, sent me holotypes or topotypes of their species, or have made special collections from topotype localities for me, or who have located publications for me that I needed in this work: Charles Ivan Alexander, Dallas, Texas; R. S. Bassler, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D.eC.; the late Daniel Blake, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; the late Dr. J. He Bonnema, Groningen, Netherlands; Bedrich Boucek, Prague, Czechoslovakia; the late Frederick Chapman of Australia; Robey H. Clark, New Orleans, Louisiana; Alan Cheetham, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; He. Ne Coryell, Columbia University, New York; Robert Crouch, Houston, Texasj Carey Croneis, Houston, Texas; Christian F. Dohm, New York City; Richard Edwards, Gainesville, Florida; A. De Ellis, Jr., Houston, Texas; Harold N. Fisk, Houston, Texas; Julius Garrett, Houston, Texas; N. Grekoff, Rueil-- Malmaison, Seine-et-Oise, France; Wade Hadley, Jr., Caracas, Venezuela; Tetsuro Hanai, Tokyo, Japan; Reginald W. Harris, Norman, Oklahoma; Gunnar Henningsmoen, Oslo, Norway; Ivar Hessland, Uppsala, Sweden; Bernard Hill, New Orleans, Louisiana; Keith Hussey, Ames, Iowa; Merle C. Israelsky, Pasadena, Californias Ne de Be Hornibrook, Wellington, New xi
Zealand; Leo Hough, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Marshall Kay, Columbia University, New York; Mrs. Betty Kellett Nadeau, Boronia, Victoria, Australia; Robert V. Kesling, Ann Arbor, Michigan; A. J. Key, Utrecht, Netherlands; John M. Law, New Orleans, Louisiana; Le W. LeRoy, Golden, Colorado; Stuart A. Levinson, Houston, Texas; Frank E. Lozo, Houston, Texas: James D. McLean, Jr., Alexandria, Virginia; Kenneth P. McLaughlin, Missoula, Montana, Raymond C. Moore, Lawrence, Kansas, Grover Murray, Baton Rouge, Eoud eaenae Raymond E. Peck, Columbia, Missouri; Vladimir Pokorny, Prague, Czechoslovakia; Harbans S. Puri, Tallahassee, Florida; Lloyd M. Pyeatt, Houston, Texas; We. T. Rothwell, Long Beach, California; Giuliano Ruggieri, Bologna, Italy; Ruth A. M. Schmidt, Washington, D. C.; Harold W. Scott, Urbana, Illinois; James V. Sexton, San Antonio, Texas; I. Ge Sohn, Washington, De Ce; Nils Spjeldnaes, Oslo, Norway; Morton B. Stephenson, Houston, Texas; Frederick M. Swain, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Frank M. Swartz, State College, Pennsylvania; P. C. Sylvester-Bradley, Sheffield, England; Clemencia Tellez-Giron, Mexico City; Willis L. Tressler, Washington, D. C.3; Erich Triebel, Frankfurt a-M, Germany; W. V. Van den Bold, Point Fortin, Trinidad; J. Elizabeth Van Veen, Groningen, Netherlands; Robert O. Vernon, Tallahassee, Florida; Leo M. Weingeist, Caracas, Venezuela; the late Louis Wilbert, Jr., Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and Raymond D. Woods, Houston, Texase I also wish gratefully to xii
acknowledge the assistance of Miss Helen Forsburg, Senior Librarian of the School of Geology, who has taken particular pats to keep me posted on new acquisitions to our library that dealt with ostracoda.
In the preparation of this Handbook I have gratefully made use of the 6 bibliographies of Paleozoic crustacea compiled by Vogdes 1889, 1890, 1893, 1895, 1917, 1925; the monumental compilation of recent ostracoda by G. W. Muller 1912, in Das Tierreich; Bassler and Kellettts 193) Bibliographic Index of Paleozoic Ostracoda; Branson's 1948 Bibliographic Index of Permian Invertebrates; the Bibliography of Paleontology and Stratigraphy compiled by Anna Samarodova in PROBLEMS OF PALEONTOLOGY, vols.I-V, Moscow 1935-1939, Agnewts 1942, 1944 Bibliographic Index of new genera and families of Paleozoic Ostracoda since 1934; Levinson'ts 1953 Bibliography and Index to New Genera of Ostracoda 1950-1952; the Zoological Record, the Zentralblatt fur Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paleontologie, as well as the bibliographies accompanying each of the articles in my personal library. Moreover I have checked the generic and subgeneric names against the list given by Neavets 1939-1950 NOMENCLATOR ZOOLOGICUS for verification of the homonyms listed. There are probably more homonyms to be discovered, as a surprisingly large number of ostracod generic and subgeneric names are not listed in Neave.
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In addition to the papers containing subgeneric, generic and other taxonomic terms, I have included in the bibliography, the papers in which the genotype of subgenotype was described, in case such type was by another author. No attempt is made to list species other than those used as genotypes or subgenotypes, as such a catalogue would be of vast proportionse My partial card index, based on about 2,000 of the more than 3,000 papers in my library which I have cross-indexed by species contains about 19,000 cardse I would estimate that more than 30,000 specific names have been applied to the ostracoda, and confusion in places is very great. This is occasioned by the fact that for the most part zoologists, working with Recent ostracoda have paid practically no attention to the work done by paleontologists. The paleontologists working with Paleozoic ostracoda have until most recently used an artificial classification, not based on the living organisms, and in many cases have oriented the carapaces in reverse, with the posterior shown as anterior, the left valve as ripeen and in some cases have even illustrated them upside down. As a result my card index contains upwards of 500 homonyms which may be attributed directly to the fact that workers in one field were not familiar with the work done in the other. In this Handbook, I have attempted to include not only all valid ostracod terms which have been used, but those Xiv
terms originally ascribed to ostracods, but later transferred to Conchostraca or other groupse It is interesting to note that in the 75 years following O. F. Mtillerts description of Cypris, in 1776, only about a dozen taxonomic terms were developed for the ostracoda. The past hundred years have seen the number of terms grow to approximately 1200. Agnew 1942, pe756 noted that Bassler and Kellett 1934 listed less than 200 paleozoic genera, and listed 167 additional genera or subgenera from the Paleozoic for the next 8 years. Levinson 1953,p-5l1 noted the addition of 71 new genera and subgenera during the years 1950-1952, remarking that it was a large increase from the 31 new genera and subgenera in the years 1947-1949. The rate is still increasing. Unfortunately many of the new genera turn out to he homonyms or synonymse It is hoped that this Handbook will make available to authors of new genera much needed information which will tend to reduce the number of unnecessary names. It should be pointed out that the age given for each fossil genus is in most cases the age assigned by the original author. I have attempted to give the age assigned to the type species, in case the type species was described by an earlier author. In a number of cases the author did not give the age, but merely the formation or locality from which it was described. In such cases for American ostracod genera, I have attempted to follow Wilmarth's Lexicon of geologic names of the United States, U. Se. Geol. Survey Bulletin 896. XV
for the age assignment. It is obviously impossible in many cases to determine whether some species listed actually came from the Miocene or from the Oligocene, or from Upper Ordavdichans or Lower Silurian. No author could be sufficiently familiar with the precise age of all type localities, many of which are still in question. Barrande's "Silurian" ostracoda of Bohemia came from various portions of the Paleozoice Some of these have been settled by later workers such as Pribyl, and in such cases I have taken the later assignment. In other cases, I have followed Barrande's assignment to the portion of the "Silurian" to which he assigned the species. Dr. Fe Me Swain under date of June 8, 1954 has kindly written me:
"Ulrich's tLower Silurian’ ostracodes are nearly all, if not all, post-Chazyan Ordovician (cf.Schmidtella)."
For these genera I have therefore followed Swain, rather than Ulrich in the age cited.
This volume is not an attempt to give a complete bibliography of ostracoda. Perhaps in future years, if current ostracod workers will kindly call my attention to papers which I might otherwise overlook, and if I can persuade Dr. Stuart Levinson to join me in such an undertaking, thus making available the large ostracod library which he and the Humble Oil and Refining Company have amassed, we together might be able to come fairly close to completeness. Xvi