2s 1.Q y. 39.—Annual variation in 0.9 bluebird populations, based ‘ubon Christmas counts in gionsofthestate.Thecalcu-= or the north (right scale) is O 7 -yofoccurrenceofbluebirds— tage of all counts on which > Is were seen). The calcula- iS thecentralandsouthernre-< number of bluebirds seen per 4 our in the field (left scale). a rmationabouttheAudubonne as counts, see Cruickshank wn (a) a e co i 1 \ !
\ 1 | a | / GDN 1940 labits bes’papers(1903)aretheonlysystematicstudieson 1 of bluebirds in Illinois (Fig. 40). His specimens kenincentralandnorthwesternIllinois,exceptfor nbersampletakeninextremesouthernIllinois.Inmprised a very large part of the diet except in the ‘oughbluebirdstakemuchoftheirfoodfromthe they often look for prey from an elevated perch. ervationofCooke(1885)thatmanybluebirdsforneadows,pickingaroundtherootsofgrass,1sin withthestomachanalysesofForbes,whofound Ss-€ating cutworms were important in the blueiet.Inthespring,cutworms,predaceousbeetles, i§ beetles were the principal prey. Surprisingly, sdidnotshowthemarkedchangetofruitinJune vedfortherobinandthemimids.Inlatesummer cricketsandgrasshoppersbecameveryimportant ‘tastheintakeofbeetlesdeclined. €winter,thedietconsistedalmostentirelyoffruit. - Was especially prominent, but grapes, sumac, id holly were also important. Link (1940a) also holly berries in the December diet, and Cooke sorecordedsumac.InnortheasternIllinoisNelson 77)observedbluebirdseatingthefruitofVirginia NORTH ——— CENTRAL —__ SOUTH ——— se a z (e) = kK & (2) 2 30 > z pe w (a 0 > Is Me \ / Nae « it AS lee), hy /\ \ \, aN Me as / NV, 0 1950 1960 1970 BLUEBIRD - FOOD HYMENOPTERA (esp. ants & ichneumons) LEPIDOPTERA (esp. Noctuidae) COLEOPTERA (esp. ground beetles & scarabs) HEMIPTERA (stink bugs) < ORTHOPTERA ie (grasshoppers) ra [@) ARACHNIDA z w UO MYRIAPODA w rn ae =. ce FRUIT (mistletoe, grapes, sumac, haws & holly) ES SeRUAN Pes Tres MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP Fig. 40.—Food habits d dy of Forbes, 1903 (1880). identified in the stomachs o0 ata on the eastern bluebird based on the stu- Percentages represent the part of the total food f a number of bluebirds examined each month. 4]
Longevity There are no quantitative data on life expectancy or survivalratesforanybluebirdpopulationinIllinois.Bartel (1950)recoveredabandedfemaleatleast5yearsold. Mortalityfactorsotherthannestmortalityandsevere weather,asalreadydiscussed,arealsounrecorded. MOUNTAIN BLUEBIRD (Sialia currucoides) There is no valid record for the mountain bluebird in Illinois (Cory 1909). Princen’s (1970) report is based on an inadequate observation, and is unacceptable. TOWNSEND'S SOLITAIRE (Myadestes townsendi) There are six records of Townsend’s solitaire for Illinois.Thespeciesisrepresentedbyonespecimentakenby Charles Douglas at Waukegan, Illinois, December 16, 1875 (Ford 1956). All occurrences were in the northern partofthestate. SinglesolitaireshavebeenobservedtowinteratMortonArboretumonthreeoccasions,beingpresentfromDefembers 27, 1953 to March 28, 1934 (Bartel 1954); from November 23, 1958 through February 1959 (Mumford 1959); and after the Christmas count period of 1959-1960 (Mumford 1960). The bird collected in 1875 was found feeding on hawthornfruit(Crataegustomentosa)inashelteredravine.In 1954 in Morton Arboretum the solitaire found food in an areaofcrabappleandhawthornplantings. Thelatestrecord,inthespring,wasabirdseenaboutfi miles south of Rock Falls on April 6, 1969 by Max and AnnHagans(Shaw1969;andHagans,personalnote). LITERATURE CITED Apsott,C.E.,A.Reuss,K.BARTEL,andF.LABAHN.1933.Listofbirds observed in area of Blue Island and Orland Park, Illinois, 1933. Oologist 50(11):142-143. ANNAN, O.
1962. Sequence of migration by sex, age, and species of thrushes of the genus Hylocichla, through Chicago. Bird-Banding 33(3):130-137. ArmsTrRONG, E.
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1935a. Six year migration summary. Oologist 52(1):11. 1950. (Note). Inland Bird Banding News 22(3):15. 1920. Remarkable migration of robins. Auk 37(3): 1970. Field notes/the varied thrush. Audubon Bulletin Ill.
Oologist 29(8): 42 1952. Summer banding. Inland Bird Banding News | Dope: 1954. Townsend’s solitaire in northern Illinois. Audie letin 89:6. 1960. Let us (s)pray some more. Inland Bird Banding 32(3-4):37-39, 44-45. 1962. Wildlife back to normal again. Audubon Bulleti 5-6.
_ 1965. After pesticides are used, how many years befor populations are back to normal. Inland Bird Banding News 80-82. _ 1968. A comparison of return “age” versus recovery Inland Bird Banding News 40(3):87. ,and A.
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