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Statistics · Hypothesis Testing with One Sample

Hypothesis Testing of a Single Mean and Single Proportion

CC BY 4.0 · OpenStax · approximately 2 min read

Learning objectives

Hypothesis Testing of a Single Mean and Single Proportion

    Student Learning Outcomes

  • The student will select the appropriate distributions to use in each case.
  • The student will conduct hypothesis tests and interpret the results.

Television Survey

In a recent survey, it was stated that Americans watch television on average four hours per day. Assume that σ = 2. Using your class as the sample, conduct a hypothesis test to determine if the average for students at your school is lower.

  1. H0: _____________
  2. Ha: _____________
  3. In words, define the random variable. __________ = ______________________
  4. The distribution to use for the test is _______________________.
  5. Determine the test statistic using your data.
  6. Draw a graph and label it appropriately. Shade the actual level of significance.
    1. Graph:

      View original figure (external; image not reproduced in this text edition)

      Original figure description: Blank graph with vertical and horizontal axes.

    2. Determine the p-value.
  7. Do you or do you not reject the null hypothesis? Why?
  8. Write a clear conclusion using a complete sentence.

Language Survey

About 42.3 percent of Californians and 19.6 percent of all Americans over age five speak a language other than English at home. Using your class as the sample, conduct a hypothesis test to determine if the percentage of the students at your school who speak a language other than English at home is different from 42.3 percent.

  1. H0: ___________
  2. Ha: ___________
  3. In words, define the random variable. __________ = _______________
  4. The distribution to use for the test is ________________.
  5. Determine the test statistic using your data.
  6. Draw a graph and label it appropriately. Shade the actual level of significance.
    1. Graph:

      View original figure (external; image not reproduced in this text edition)

      Original figure description: Blank graph with vertical and horizontal axes.

    2. Determine the p-value.
  7. Do you or do you not reject the null hypothesis? Why?
  8. Write a clear conclusion using a complete sentence.

Jeans Survey

You've read in an article that young adults own an average of three pairs of jeans. Survey eight people from your class to determine if the average is higher than three. Assume the population is normal.

  1. H0: _____________
  2. Ha: _____________
  3. In words, define the random variable. __________ = ______________________
  4. The distribution to use for the test is _______________________.
  5. Determine the test statistic using your data.
  6. Draw a graph and label it appropriately. Shade the actual level of significance.
    1. Graph:

      View original figure (external; image not reproduced in this text edition)

      Original figure description: Blank graph with vertical and horizontal axes.

    2. Determine the p-value.
  7. Do you or do you not reject the null hypothesis? Why?
  8. Write a clear conclusion using a complete sentence.
← Additional Information and Full Hypothesis Test ExamplesIntroduction →

Attribution. Statistics, OpenStax, Rice University, and the contributing authors credited in the book. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. Source revision 7dea80ae28 of openstax/osbooks-statistics (2026-04-23). CC BY 4.0. Original source ↗. Text edition of a pinned CC BY 4.0 source revision of the OpenStax book, converted from CNXML by the EvidenceHelix importer. Original prose, learning objectives, tables, exercises, glossary and captions are preserved; images are not copied (figures link to the original source and keep their credits). No new content was added. Later revisions of this book can carry different licence terms and are not used.

In this chapter Contents

  • Introduction
  • Null and Alternative Hypotheses
  • Outcomes and the Type I and Type II Errors
  • Distribution Needed for Hypothesis Testing
  • Rare Events, the Sample, and the Decision and Conclusion
  • Additional Information and Full Hypothesis Test Examples
  • Hypothesis Testing of a Single Mean and Single Proportion

Source

OpenStax source file ↗

Illustrated original ↗

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