45 Thomas). It occurs throughout all of tropical and subtropical America, and has, therefore, received several names. Giglio-Tos vef erred it to 'froclii/rhoch is OoreaNs Sauss. (Boll. Mus. Zool. ed Anat. Comp. di Torino, IX, No. 184, p. 14) but later corrected the error.
GENUS COELOPTERNA, STAL.
('. (trutii'nmfd (de Geer). Rosario, St. Pe (Stempelmann) ; Carcarana (O. Thomas.)
This insect was made the type of a distinct sub-family by Stal; but Brunner v. Wattenwyl in his "Revision du Systeme des Orthojjteres" places it along with the OEdipodinae where I am willing to let it remain at present. Blanehard redescribes and figures this insect under the name PauJ'niki iiufcosa (D'Orbigny, Voyage dans L'Amer. Merid., Vol. VI. Pt. 2, Insectes, p. (216), PI. XXVII, Pig. (3), and Giglio-Tos (Boll. Mus. Zool. ed Anat. Comp. Torino, IX, No. Is4, p. 7) describes a new variety with abbreviated wings as Coelopterna acuminata var brerijicnnis. The insect is one that lives ujjon aquatic plants and often must swim, hence the jDeculiar development of hind tibiae and their spurs.
GENUS BUPONACRIS, WALKER.
B. terrestrix Walk. Four specimens of this peculiar, robust, wingless locust were taken at Gregory Bay on the Straits of Magellan by some member of the U. S. Pish Commission force during the cruise of the steamer Albatross for the years 1887-88. Walker's specimen was also taken at the same locality, hence Saussure is mistaken when he discredits Walker's statement as to habitat of this insect (Additamenta ad Prodromum OEdipodiorum, p. KKi, foot note).
B. — spy Several specimens were observed in the collection of the La Plata Museum that evidently belong here. They seemed to belong to at least two species, and, if my memory does not fail me, were taken in the Territory of Chubut.
46 SUB-FAMILY PYRGOMORPHINAE.
The insects belonging to this sub-family are somewhat aberrant when we take into consideration the forms which occur in this country, the typical forms of the group having the face very much slanting towards the rear and the apex of the head considerably advanced in front of the eyes, while the Argentina forms have the face nearly perpendicular and the vertex little or not at all advanced in front of the eyes. The typical form of the body of these insects also is somewhat slender, smooth, and fusiform, while here in Argentina they are very obese and more or less covered with spines and wart-like projections. Some of the species are quite numerous in jDortions of the country and have been even reported at different times to attack and destroy the tobacco plant which they feed upon.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE GENERA.
A. Body more or less graceful and cylindrical, somewhat mgose. The anteuniv filiform. Pronotiuu feebly carinated. b. Tegmina and wings perfectly developed, extending considerably beyond the tip of the abdomen in both sexes. Carina' of hind femora smooth. Internal angles of mesosternal lobes rounded at apex. OSSA Giglio-Tos.
bb. Tegmina and wings somewhat abbreviated. Carin;eof hind femora toothed. Internal angles of mesosternal lobes not rounded. OMMKXECHA Serville.
A A. Body very obese and greatly depressed: coarsely tuberculate. carinated and spined. Antenna' with the joints somewhat flattened, subensiform. Pronotal carina always more or less cristate, bb. Tegmina and wings present. Pronotum without the lateral toothed, leaf-like expansion; its hintl Itoi'der broadly angulate and adorned with five flat, tooth-like projections— the middle one furcate. SPATHALITM Bolivar, b. Tegmina and wings wanting. Pronotum furnished at lower lateral edges with a toothed, leaf-like expansion: its hind border broadly rounded and adorned with a series of six distinct, heavy, blunt spines. GKyKA Philippi.
Fig. 15. — Ossa vh'idis. and tip of vertex.
47 GENUS OSSA, GIGLIO-TOS.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
A. Body covered with long white hair. Tegmiiia above with au orange spot at base. Eyes globose. Posterior femora moderately heavy. bimaculata Giglio-Tos.
AA. Body subglabrous. Tegmiua above without a l)asal spot. Eyes ovoid. Posterior femora somewhat slender, vii'idis Giglio-Tos. . (). biiiKtriildfd Gi.s^lio-Tos. Resistencia, Cliaco (Giglio-Tos). 0. viridis Giglio-Tos. San Lorenzo, Jujuy (Gigiio-Tos) : Cordoba (P. Schulz) ; Carcarana, Santa Fe (O. Thomas). This last named species is exceedingly common in some localities, where it seems to prefer certain food-plants to others. One of these is a Nycotlana or closely realted form with yellowish blossoms. It might, therefore transfer its attention to the tobacco plant where this is cultivated. GENUS OMMEXECHA, SERVILLE.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPEGIES.
A. Tegmina not reaching the apex of abdomen. 1). General color green; tegmina shorter. Hind femora externally smooth. vireiis Serv.
bl). General color dull brown; tegmina longer. Hind femora externally hirsute. Servillei Blanch.
AA. Tegmina reaching beyond the tip of abdomen. The genicular lobes of hind femora two-spined. iiiacropteruni Blanch. 0. vire)if< Serv. Recorded from Buenos Aires (Serville). Perhaps only a freshly molted specimen of the next species. (>. Servillei Blanch. Resistencia, Chaco (Gigiio-Tos) ; Corrientes (Bolivar). This insect occurs in arid localities and according to Blanchard is especially fond of tobacco as a food-plant.
0. macroitteruin JM?i\ich. San Pablo, Tucuman; San Lorenzo, Jujuy (Giglio-Tos). This insect was redescribed as i). Jiruniieri by Bolivar according to Dr. Karsch. (Ent. Nachricht., XIV, p. 329, 1888); and the (). iii<(vroi>terum Blanch, referred to the new genus Spathaliu)n (Mong. de los Pirgomorfinos, p. 34).
48 GENUS SPATHALIUM, BOLIVAR.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
A Tegmiua longer than the abdomen.
b. Wings thisky. as long as the tegmina. Somnieri Bnrm. bb. Wings hyaline, much shorter than tegmina. Audouini Blanch.
AA. Tegmina shorter than the abdomen.
i). Body of a nearly uniform color, either green or brownish-gray, c. Body comparatively smooth, the tubercles of head, pronotum and hind thighs comparatively small and blunt. General color grassgreen, virifli.s Bruner.
cc. Body more coarsely tuberculate. General color graj'ish brown. obsciirum Bruner.
bb. Body with tegmina and limbs more or less streaked with testaceous,brownandblack, c. Pronotum armed on disk with numerous spine- like tubercles. Grayish-brown, varied with streaks of light testaceous and dull black. liispidiiiu Bruner.
cc. Pronotum with the disk armed less decidedly with tubercles. Yellowish-gray, but little varied by streaks of darker hue. testaoeiiiu Bruner- >S'. Soiiiiiieri Burm. Recorded as occurring at Montevideo (Karsch). I do not know this locust.
»S'. Audouini Blanch. Salta (Giglio-Tos).
Fig. 17. — Spatlialium viridU, .emale.
SpafJtdJiiiiii riridis n. sp.
Of a uniform grass-green color, more or less varied along the margins of elytra, posterior femora, hind edges of abdominal segments, and base of legs with brownish purple. Body comparatively smooth, the surface of pronotum, mesoand metapleurae and femora with the tuberlces small and blunt. The frontal costa continuous with the tubercles small and blunt. The frontal costa continuous with the sulcus of fastigium, very narrow above and widening but little to a point half way between the ocellus and clypeus, where the lateral carinae end abruptly. Prom this 23oint on the face
49 is somewhat raised, indicating- a continuation of the frontal costa but without well-deHned lateral carinae. Tegmina about two-thirds as long as abdomen, pointed at apex and scarcely meeting on back.
Length : of body, average, cf 23 mm, ? 34 mm ; of pronotum, (f 7 mm, ? 10.5 mm; of tegmina, d 15 mm, ? 16 mm: of hind femora, d^ 12 mm, + 16 mm.
Found only at Carcarana F. C. C. A. in the province of Santa Fe, where it occurs in moderate numbers upon the ojjen camp.
From collections of O. Thomas and A. Kurriger. Spathalixiii obscunnii n. sp.
This insect is very similar in general structure and size to the preceding, but differs markedly from that in having the body entirely dark brownish gray, more or less varied with black or deep brown. The thorax, pleurae, and femora are much more heavily armed with tubercles and sjDines than in the jireceding. The frontal costa in some specimens is sulcate above and continuous with sulcation of fastigium ; the lateral carinae converging to a point below the antennae, then broadening again to oceUus and below where they end as in iDreceding species. Posterior femora with indications of two oblique dark colored bands on outer face, in some si^ecimens accompanied by one of much lighter color just beyond the middle. Tegmina with a more or less well defined row of black dots along the discal field and upper edge, otherwise of a uniform dull l^rown color.
Dimensions slightly less than preceding.
This insect has been taken at Cordoba (F. Schulz) and Carcarana (O. Thomas). Less numerous than the proceding. SiKif/Ki/iuji In'sjiiduiii n. sp.
In size and general structure similar to the two jjreceding, but differs from both of them in having the body very much variegated with lighter and darker streaks of yellowish gray, brown, and black ; also in having the pronotum armed with very strong tubercles which are spine-like in character,
50 projecting posteriorly on the hind lobe of j^ronotum and on sides of nieso- and metathorax. Posterior femora comparatively smooth. The face of the frontal costa continuous from the juncture with f astigium of vertex to clypeus ; the lateral Fig. 18. — Spa haluim hispiduDi. female.
Fig. 19. — SpallLaliam, male.
carinae parallel to a point a little below the ocellus where they diverge strongly to about three times the original width of costa when they proceed nearly parallel to within a very short distance of the clypeus and then again diverge. As indicated above, the general color of this insect is brownish-testaceous, varied with lighter and darker streaks. The lateral carinae of pronotum, a line near the lower margin of the lower edge along with carinae on all the femora, the cheeks, and a transverse line between upper edges of eyes, yellowish clay color ; the intervening spaces brown becoming blackish in some specimens. Tegmina with the discal field provided with a row of blackish sraots, some of the upper veins or interspaces black, other portions varied with streaks of lighter and darker brow^n. Hind femora wdth oblique dusky bands in most specimens, the outer face marked beyond the middle with a light band.
Length : of body, cJ* 22-23 mm, 9 37 mm ; of pronotum, d^ 8mm, ? 11.5 mm; of hind femora, d^ 13 mm, ? 17 mm.
51 Specimens of this insect have been seen from Cordoba (F. Schulz) and others collected at Carcarana where it is, perhaps, the most numerous of the three species described above and found at this locality.
,Sp((fh(i/iiiJii festdceioii n. sp.
A fourth species of this genus was found at Toaj^, Pampa Central. This insect is very similar in general form to those described above, but differs from them in having the spines or projections on the pronotum much longer and leaf like than in the preceding forms. It is also considerably larger, and has the body uniformly yellowish brown with comparatively few marks of darker color on sides and disk of jDronotum, and on the middle of outer face of hind femora and the disk of tegmina.
Frontal costa gently sulcate, the sides parallel to a point a little below ocellus, then rather broadly but roundly divergent, then continuous to clypeus in a somewhat similar form to that of ^ifihuifKiii. The hind femora with a toothed leaflike exjDansion on lower outer carina about midway between base and apex. The head much broader in proporation to size of insect than in any of the preceding species. Length (female): of body 45 mm, of pronotum 18 mm, of tegmina 20 mm, of hind femora 15 mm.
GENUS GRAEA, PHILIPPI.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
A. More graceful, comparatively smooth, varied with light and darker shades of testaceous and brown. horrida Philippi. AA. More robust: much more rugose — unicolorous. luoustrosa Bruuer.
G. Jtorrida Philippi. This insect has been recorded from various localities between Bahia Blanca and Catamarca, but some of the records undoubtedly refer to the next species. Specimens of G. horrkki have been examined from Mendoza, San Louis and Cordoba, (P. Schulz, H. Stempelmann).
52 Graea monstrosa n. sj).
In structure very similar to Graea horrida of Philippi but somewhat broader and more rugose, unicolorous, varying from a dull testaceous brown to dark wood brown, in some specimens greenish yellow. Some of the males have the posterior portion of the disk of pronotum more or less swollen and of a lighter color, otherwise as indicated above, uniform throughout. The tubercles on outer face of hind femora five in number instead of six as in G. horrida. Length: of body, d^ 28 mm, 9 34-36 mm; of j^ronotum, c? 8 mm, 9 9.5 mm; width of pronotum in widest place, 6' 9 mm, ? 14 mm; of hind femora, d 11.5 mm, ? 13 mm; of antennae, c? 10 mm, 9 12 mm.
This insect is found in moderate numbers from Bahia Blanca at the south to Cordoba in the north, being confined chiefiy to uplands where it occurs on sandy soil among the short scattered vegetation.
From collections of H. Stempelmann and F . Schulz. Fig. 20. — Gra a monsti'osa, female.
SUB-FAMILY ACRIDIINAE.
This is by far the most extensive sub-family of locusts represented in the region covered by the j3resent paper, and contains, with but two or three exceptions, all of the destructive species. The following rather long table for the separation of the genera to which these insects belong will be of some value to the reader in sejDarating the many forms that occur in any particular region. In genera where more than one species occur there will also be found tables for the separation of the different sj^ecies. Those which have