BIRDS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY _ 169 The European Linnet (Acanthis cannabina) is recorded from Scarboro, N. Y. (G. H. Thayer, Auk, XVII, 1900, p. 389); but the large number of cage-birds of this species annually imported into this country makes it probable that the bird secured was an assisted immigrant.
Fic. 22. REDPOLL.
*American Goldfinch (Astragalinus tristis). The Goldfinch, Ye!lowbird, or Thistlebird, is a common resident here.
NaN !
Fic. 23. AMERICAN GOLDFINCH.
*European Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis). A European species which was introduced into this country at Hoboken, N. J., in 1878. The following year it appeared in Central Park and has since spread over the upper parts of the city where in favorable localities it is not uncommon. It is with us throughout the year. (Adney, Auk, III, 1886, p. 409). [61]
170 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL *Pine Siskin; Pine Finch (Spinus pinus). A more or less common fall and winter visitant. On two occasions it has been found nesting in the Lower Hudson Valley, at Sing Sing, May 25, 1883 (Fisher, Bull. N. O. C, VIII, 1883), and at Cornwall-on-Hudson, May 12, 1887 (Allen, Auk, IV, 1887, p. 284). (See group, third floor).
*Snowflake ; Snow Bunting (Passerina nivalis). On Long Island this bird is an abundant winter resident on the sand-flats near the ocean (Dutcher, MS). In the Lower Hudson Valley it is much less common, Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus). A rare winter resident; sometimes found with flocks of the preceding, but more frequently associated with Horned Larks.
Chestnut-collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus). “Interior of North America, from the Saskatchewan Plains south to Texas.” A specimen of this western species was taken at Long Island City, February 16, 1889 (Hendrickson, Auk, VI, 1889, p. 190).
Fic. 24. VESPER SPARROW.
*Vesper Sparrow; Grass Finch: Bay-winged Bunting (Powcetes grammeus). A common summer resident, arriving about April 1, and remaining until the latter part of November.
Ipswich Sparrow (Passerculus princeps). A common winter resident, confined strictly to the immediate vicinity of the coasts, where it is found from the middle of October to the first of April (Dutcher, Auk, III, 1886, p. 441).
*Savanna Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis savanna), This species is here a rare summer resident and abundant migrant, arriving about April 1 and departing in November and December. It breeds at Morristown, N. J. (Thurber) and is said to remain throughout the winter in the salt-marshes at Bridgeport, Conn. (Averill) Braislin, (Auk, XVI, 1809, p. I92). records it from Garden City, L. L, July 17, 1807, and Flatbush, L. I., Jan. 30, 1895. [62]
BIRDS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW-:YORK CITY 11 Grasshopper Sparrow ; Yellow-winged Sparrow (Coturniculus savannarum passerinus). Locally a common summer resident, arriving about May I and remaining until October.
Henslow Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowi). In this vicinity the Henslow sparrow has been found in but few localities where, however, it is apparently not uncommon. It is recorded as breeding at Morristown, N. J. (Thurber), and Boonton, Morris County, N. J. (Judd, Auk, XIV, 1897, p. 326). Summer resident in small numbers near Plainfield, N. J. (Miller, MS). Sharp-tailed Sparrow (Ammodramus caudacutus). An abundant summer resident; with the exception of a colony on the Hudson at Piermont, confined entirely to the salt marshes of our coasts. (See group, third floor). Nelson Sharp-tailed Sparrow (4mmodrdmus nelsoni). This species is known here only as a rather rare fall migrant in the Hudson River Valley, occurring from the latter part of September to the latter part of October. Acadian Sharp-tailed Sparrow (Ammodramus nelsoni subvirgatus). Occurs with the preceding. (On the distribution of the Sharp-tailed Sparrows see Dwight, Auk, XIII, 1896, p. 275).
| Fic. 25. SEASIDE SPARROW.
Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus). This is an even more abundant summer resident than the Sharp-tailed Sparrow and, like it, is confined exclusively to our coasts, with the exception of a colony in the Piermont marshes. (See group, third floor).
Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus). Interior of North America, eastward to Illinois, breeding from Texas to Manitoba; accidental on the Atlantic coast. There are two records for this vicinity, Sayville, L. I., August 20, 1879 (Earle, Bull. N. O. C., VI, 1881, p. 58) and Schraalenburg, N. J., November 26, 1885 (Chapman, Auk, III, 1886, p. 136).
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172 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Fic. 26. WHITE-cROWNED SPARROW.
*White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys). A rather rare migrant * passing norhtward in May and returning in October. Braislin (Auk, XV, 1808, p. 59) records a specimen taken at Parkville, L. I., April to, 1897. *White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis). An abundant migrant and locally common winter resident. It arrives from the north the latter part of September and remains with us until the middle of May. *Tree Sparrow (Spizella monticola). An abundant winter resident, arriving from the north about November 1 and remaining until April. Fic. 27. WHITE-THROATED SPARROW.
PUD Or Ge VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY 173 *Chipping Sparrow; Chippy (Spizella socialis). An abundant summer resident, arriving from the south about April 1 and remaining until November. *Field Sparrow (Spisella pusilla). An abundant summer resident, appearing in the spring about April 1 and not departing southward until November or even December. Of rare but regular occurrence in winter at Plainfield, N. J. (Miller, MS). (See group, third floor).
*Junco ; Snowbird (Juco hyemalis). The Junco is one of our most abundant winter birds. It comes to us from the north late in September and remains until May.
Fic. 28. JUNCo.
*Song Sparrow (Melospisa cinerea melodia). An abundant summer and common winter resident. (See group, third floor).
Lincoln Sparrow (J/clospiza lincolni). In this vicinity the Lincoln Sparrow is a rare but regular migrant, passing northward in May and southward in September and October.
*Swamp Sparrow (I/clospiza georgiana). An abundant summer resident, especially in the great marshes of the Hackensack, and a rare winter resident. (See group, third floor).
*Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca). A common spring and fall migrant, passing northward in March and April and southward in October and November. There are several winter records for Princeton, N. J. (Scott, Bull, N. O. C., IV, 1879, p. 82).
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174 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL *Towhee; Chewink (Pipilo erythrophthalmus). An abundant summer resident, arriving about April 20, remaining until late October, and rarely into the winter. (See group, second floor).
*Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). The vicinity of New York City is about the northern limit of the Cardinal’s range on the Atlantic coast. It is here a not uncommon resident of local distribution. In the Hudson Valley it is rarely found north of Hastings and Nyack; it is very rare eastward along the sound, and also on Long Island, but is common in Central Park, New York City, where I have seen nine individuals at one time. (See group, second floor). *Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Zamelodia ludoviciana). A common summer resident in the Hudson River Valley, arriving about May 1 and remaining until October. On Long Island it is a rare summer resident (Dutcher, MS). (See group, second floor).
*Blue Grosbeak (Guiraca caerulea). There are several records of this southern bird’s occurrence in this vicinity. It has been taken at Canarsie, L. I., May, 1843 (Dutcher, Auk, V, 1893, p. 276); Morristown, N. J. (Thurber, True Democratic Banner, newspaper, Nov. 17, 1889); Snake Hill, N. J. (Bicknell, Bull. N. O. C., III, 1878, p. 132), and Manhattan Island (DeKay, Birds, INE Nees fas 1eS))- *Indigo Bunting (Cyanospiza cyanea). A common summer resident in this vicinity, arriving about May 1 and remaining until October 1. Painted Bunting (Cyanospiza ciris). Breeds from the Gulf States northward to Kansas, southern Illinois and North Carolina. The capture of several specimens of this bird in this vicinity has been recorded (Bicknell, Bull. N. O. C., II, 1878, p. 132). It is possible that they were escaped cage-birds. Dickcissel; Black-throated Bunting (Spiza americana). Eastern United States, mostly in the Mississippi Valley, breeding from Texas to Minnesota, and wintering in Central and South America. Breeds east of the Alleghanies now only rarely and locally. About forty years ago this bird was evidently a regular and not uncommon summer resident in this vicinity. (See Giraud, Chapman apud Galbraith, Auk, VIII, 1891, p. 395), but it occurs now only rarely and irregularly. Recent records are: Miller’s Place, L. I., September 29 and October 10 (Dutcher, Auk, VI, 1889, p. 13) and Blithewood, L. I., August 25 (Johnson, Auk, VIII, 1891, p. 116). In July, 1904, W. De Witt Miller found a pair of this species breeding at Plainfield, N. J. (Auk, XXI, 1904, p. 487). J. Dwight, Jr., records the occurrence of a male Dickcissel at Kingston, N. Y., June 5, 1807 (Auk, XIV, 1897, p. 95).
Famity TANAGRIDZAE. TANAGERS.
Western Tanager (Piranga Iludoviciana). Western North American north to British Columbia. The only record of the occurrence of this western species in this vicinity is that of a young male taken at Fort Montgomery, N. Y.. December 21, 1881 (Mearns, Auk, VII, 1890, p. 55).
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PIRDS OF RHE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY 175 *Scarlet Tanager (Piranga erythromelas). A common summer _ resident, arriving early in May and remaining until about October 1. (See group, third floor).
Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra). Eastern United States, breeding from Florida to southern New Jersey, wandering casually to Nova Scotia, and wintering in Central and South America. This species is of rare and irregular occurrence in this vicinity. (Hendrickson, Auk, 1, 1885, p. 200; Dutcher, Auk, III, 1886, p. 412; XIX, 1902, p. 291; V, 1888, p. 181; Mearns, Auk, VII, 1800, p. 55; Braislin, Auk, XIX, 1902, p. 147).
Famity HIRUNDINID. Swattows.
*Purple Martin (Progue subis). This bird breeds in colonies and is of local distribution during the breeding season. It was formerly not uncommon in the vicinity of New York City, but the English Sparrows have taken possession of its nesting-houses, and at present it is found in but few places. *Cliff Swallow; Eave Swallow (Petrochelidon lunifrons). Like most of the Swallows it nests in colonies, and in this region generally places its mud nests beneath the projecting eaves of a barn. It appears to be less common during the summer than it was twenty or more years ago, but is a common migrant perticularly in the fall. According to Mearns, it arrives as early as April 16. (See group, second floor).
*Barn Swallow (Hirundo erythrogaster). A common summer resident and abundant fall migrant. It arrives about April 20 and remains until October 1. *Tree Swallow (Jridoprocne bicolor). Arrives from the south early in April. There are a few recorded instances of its breeding near New York City, but, generally speaking, it passes northward to more distant nesting grounds. July 1 the birds begin to return from the north, making their home in the marshes of the Hackensack, where, by July 20, they may be found in countless numbers. In the morning they leave their roosts in the “cat-tails’ and fly out over the adjoining country to feed. At night they return. Their numbers increase until about September 1, then decrease, and by October 20 only a few stragglers remain.
*Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia). A locally common summer resident, breeding in colonies where the conditions are favorable. It arrives about May 1 and remains until October. (See group, second floor). Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis). This Swallow is locally common in the Lower Hudson River Valley, at Riverdale (Bicknell), Hastings-on-the-Hudson (Rowley), Sing Sing (Fisher); at Highland Falls, which seems to be near the northern limit of its range in the Hudson Valley, it is a rare summer resident (Mearns). I have seen it near Ramapo, N. Y., and with J. Dwight, Jr., found a small colony breeding at Port Jervis, INGSYe wt breeds near New Haven, Connecticut, in small numbers, and is rare as far north as Hartford (Sage). On Long Island it is of rare and irregular occurrence (Dutcher).
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176 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Famity AMPELID. WaxwiIncs, ETC.
Bohemian Waxwing (Ampelis garrulus). This species occurs here only ar an exceedingly rare and irregular winter visitant. There are no recent records. *Cedar Waxwing ; Cedarbird (Ampelis cedrorum). A common summer resident ; occurring irregularly in the winter.
Famity LANIID. SHrikeEs.
*Northern Shrike; Butcherbird (Lanius borealis). A more or less regular but rather uncommon winter resident.
Fic. 29. NorTHERN SHRIKE.
Migrant Shrike (Lanius Iudovicianus migrans). The Migrant Shrike is found here is a rare but regular migrant during April, the latter part of August and in September, and, rarely, until December. It has been known to breed but once, at Sing Sing, N. Y., where a fledgeling was taken June 16, 1877 (Fisher, Bully N. Ox. Va td70.p.05)- Famiry VIREONIDE. VireEos.
*Red-eyed Vireo (Vireosylva olivacea). This is one of our abundant summer residents. It arrives from the south about May 8 and remains until October. (See group, third floor).
Philadelphia Vireo (Vireosylva philadelphica). A very rare migrant. *Warbling Vireo (Vireosylva gilva). A common summer resident of local distribution, arriving early in May. (See group, third floor). *Yellow-throated Vireo (Lanivireo flavifrons). A common summer resident, arriving about May 7 and remaining until the latter part of September. *Blue-headed Vireo (Lanivireo solitarius). A not uncommon migrant, passing northward during the latter part of April and first part of May, and returning late in September.
*White-eyed Vireo (Vireo noveboracensis). A common summer resident about New York City. It reaches us from the south about May 7, and remains util early October. (See group, third floor).
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