BIRDS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY 177 Famity MNIOTILTIDZE. Woop-WarsB ers.
*Black and White Warbler (Mniotilta varia). A rather common summer resident and common migrant. It appears the latter part of April and is with us until the first part of October. (See group, third floor). Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea). Eastern North America, breeding from the Gulf States to southern Illinois and Virginia, and wintering in the tropics. Its occurrence near New York City is accidental; there are but two records, viz., a male shot at Jamaica, L. I. (Dutcher, Auk, X, 1893. p. 276), and a male seen by E. P. Bicknell near the northern limit of New York City, June 2, 1895 (Auk, XII, 1895, 306). Dutcher has recorded a _ specimen which struck the Montauk Point Lighthouse, August 27, 1886 (Auk, V, 1888, p. 122).
*Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorus). This bird is one of our rarer summer residents, though it is not uncommon some years in the early fall migration. In the Hudson River Valley it is regularly found as far north as Highland Falls (Mearns) and oceurs at Fishkill (Stearns). In Connecticut it breeds at Saybrook and New Haven, but is not common, and at Portland it has been taken only twice (Sage). On Long Island it is considered exceedingly rare (Dutcher).
*Blue-winged Warbler (Helminthophila pinus). This species arrives early in May and remains until September I. It is a common summer resident of the Lower Hudson Valley, at least as far north as Highland Falls (Mearns). In Connecticut it is common at Saybrook and New Haven, but is rare as far north as Portland. where but one or two pairs breed each season (Sage). On Long Island it is known to breed only along the north shore, where it is probably not uncommon in favorable localities. Mrs. E. G. Britton records the occurrence of an individual of this species in Bronx Park in January, 1900 ( Bird-Lore, II, 1900, p. 26; see also Noble, Bird-Lore, II, 1900, p. 59). (See group, third floor). Brewster’s Warbler (Helminthophila leucobronchialis) with us is a rare but regular summer resident in northern New Jersey, the Lower Hudson Valley and southern Connecticut, but has been taken only once on Long Island (Howell). Specimens have been recorded from Morristown (Thurber), Maplewood (Riker), and Englewood, N. J., where it has been found nesting (Chapman, Auk, IV, 1887, p. 348; IX, 1892, p. 302). Farther north in the Hudson Valley it has been found at Nyack (Bicknell), and at Sing Sing five specimens have been secured (Fisher, Bull. N. O. C., IV, 1879, p. 234; VI, 1881, p. 245; Auk, IT, 1885, p. 378) In the Lower Connecticut Valley this bird seems to be more frequent than in any other part of its range. It has been found at Saybrook, Seymour, New Haven, Portland and other localities, the principal records being as follows: Eames, Auk, V, 1888, p. 427; VI, 1880, p. 305; Bishop, Auk, VI, 1889, p. 192; Sage, Auk, X, 1893, p. 208. Probably not more than one-third of all the specimens recorded are typical leucobronchialis, the remaining twothirds presenting every stage of intergradation between this bird and typical H. pinus.
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178 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Lawrence’s Warbler (Helminthophila lawrencei) is a much rarer bird than the preceding. There are records for only six specimens from the immediate vicinity of New York.City, viz. Chatham, N. J. (Herrick), Hoboken, N. J. (Lawrence), Kye, N. Y. (Vorhees, Auk, V, 1888, p. 427), Greenwich, Conn. (Vorhees, Auk, XI, 1894, p. 259), Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. (Braislin, Auk, XX, 1903, p. 53), and New York Zoological Park, where a male was found breeding with a female pinus (Bildersee, Bird Lore, VI, 1904, p. 131; Beebe, Auk, XXI, 1904, p. 387).
The status of both Brewster's and Lawrence’s Warblers is still unsettled. They are generally considered to be hybrids between H. pinus and H. chrysoptera, and it has also been suggested that dichromatism may play a part in producing their coloration. Their relationship will be found discussed under the following references: Brewster, Bull. N. O. C., VI, 1881, p. 218; Ridgway, Auk, II, 1885, p. 359; Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, p. 486; Birds of North and Middle America, II, 1902, pp. 452, 453; Thayer, Auk, XIX, 1902, p. 401; Bishop, Auk, XXII, 1905, 0s A) *Golden-winged Warbler (Helininthophila chrysoptera). In the immediate vicinity of New York City, this bird occurs as a rather rare spring migrant, but in the early southward migration, in August, it is sometimes not uncommon. It has been found nesting at Nyack, N. Y. (Brownell) and probably breeds regularly from that point northward.
*Nashville Warbler (Helminthoplila rubricapilla). This species is here a rather common migrant and a rare summer resident as far south as Highland Falls. It arrives about May to and returns on its southward journey during late August, the last migrants being seen about September 25. A breeding female was taken by Chapman at Englewood, N. J., June 16, 1887, (Auk, VI, 1889, p. 304).
__Orange-crowned Warbler (Helminthophila celata). This Warbler occurs here as an exceedingly rare migrant. There are records of only six specimens, all but one of which occurred in the fall. (Howell, Auk, X, 1893, p. 91). *Tennessee Warbler(Helminthophila peregrina). With us this bird is a rather rare spring migrant but is sometimes not uncommon in the fall. It passes northward early in May and returns on its southward journey in September. *Northern Parula Warbler (Compsothlypis americana usnee@). The Parula Warbler is here a more or less abundant migrant and local summer resident. It arrives from the south about May 7 and the last individuals are observed in early October.
*Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina). This is one of our rarest spring migrants, passing northward about May 15. In the fall migration immature birds are sometimes not uncommon.
*Yellow Warbler (Dendroica estiva). A common summer resident. It arrives from the south about May 5 and remains until September. (See group, third floor).
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BiROS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY 179 *Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica cerulescens). A common migrant, passing northward early in May and returning in September. *Myrtle Warbler; Yellow-rumped Warbler; (Dendroica coronata). An abundant migrant in our vicinity and in favorable localities where bayberries are abundant, it passes the whole winter. Migrants begin to arrive in early April, and the southward migration takes place during the latter part of September and October.
*Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica maculosa). : In this vicinity it is a common migrant, passing Fic. 30. Myrtre Warscer. northward early in May and returning late in August and in September.
Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea). Breeds in the Mississippi Valley as far north as Minnesota, and eastward as far as Cayuga Co., N. Y., and winters in the tropics. Its occurrence here is accidental, and there are but three records of its capture, one of a male taken in Kings County, L. I., (Dutcher, Auk, X, 1803, p. 277), of a male taken at Highland Falls, May 17, 1875 (Mearns, Birds Hudson Highlands, p. 154), and one of a specimen taken at Boonton, Morris Co., N. J., in September, 1887 (Judd, Auk, XIV, 1807, p. 326). *Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica). With us it is a common migrant, and, in recent years, has become a locally common summer resident. It arrives early in May, and the return migration occurs between August 10 and October 1.
*Bay-breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea). As a rule the Bay-breasted is one of our rarest transient Warblers but during some seasons it is found in numbers. It passes northward about the middle of May and returns in September.
*Blackpoll Warbler (Dendroica striata.) The Blackpoll is one of our most abundant migrants and is the last of the transient Warblers to pass northward in the spring. It arrives from the south about May 7 and returns on its southern journey in September.
*Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica. blackburnie). A rather uncommon spring migrant, passing northward during the first of May, but is not uncommon some year during its return migration in September.
Fic. 31. BLACKPOLL WARBLER.
Yellow-throated Warbler (Dendroica domina). Southern United States, breeding as far north as Virginia and wintering from Florida southward. There is but one record of the occurrence of this southern species near New [71]
180 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL York City. It is based on the capture of a male in Kings County, L. I. (Dutcher, Auk, X, 1803, p. 277).
*Black-throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens). In, the immediate vicinity of New York City this bird is found chiefly as a migrant, arriving from the south late in April and returning about the middle of August. It is known to breed at Highland Falls, N. Y. (Mearns), Bridgeport, Conn. (Averill), Millers Place, L. I. (Dutcher, MS), and at Demarest, N. J., where on June 5, 1904. B. S. Bowdish found a nest built in a skunk cabbage about fourteen inches from the ground (Auk, XXIII, 1906, p. 17).
*Pine Warbler (Dendroica vigorsi). This Warbler is of local distribution in this vicinity. In northern New Jersey, the Lower Hudson Valley and southern Connecticut it occurs only as a rare migrant, but on certain parts of Long Island, where the scrub pines afford it congenial surroundings, it is not uncommon and breeds.
Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum). This species is of rather rare but regular occurrence here. One specimen was taken at Sing Sing, N. Y., April 29, 1882 (Fisher, Bull. N. O. C., VII, 1882, p. 249), two at Riverdale, N. Y., in the spring of 1877 (Bicknell, Bull. N. O. C., V. 1880, p. 182), and one struck the Fire Island Lighthouse, September 23, 1887 (Dutcher, Auk, V, 1888, p. 182). Braislin (Auk, XIX, 1902, p. 149) records it as “common” near Brooklyn between September 25 and October 7, 1895, and Miller (Bird-Lore, V, 1903, p. 199) states that it was rather common near Plainfield, N. J., between September 22 and October 4, 1903.
*Yellow Palm Warbler; Yellow Redpoll (Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea). A common migrant arriving from the south about April 10, and returning late in September and in October.
*Prairie Warbler (Dendroica discolor). The distribution of the Prairie Warbler in this vicinity is much like that of the Pine Warbler. It is rare in northern New Jersey and the Lower Hudson Valley, where however, it has been found breeding once (Highland Falls.
Mearns), but is not uncommon on some parts of Long Island. At Bridgeport, Conn., it is a common migrant and may breed (Averill). (See group, third floor).
*Ovenbird (Sciurns aurocapillus). The Ovenbird is one of our abundant summer residents, arriving about May 1 and remaining until the middle of October. (See group, third floor).
Fic. 32. OVvENBIRD.
Northern Water-thrush (Seiurus noveboracensis). A common migrant, passing northward during May and returning about September 1. Cherrie (Auk, XIX, 1902, p. 210) records the probable breeding of this species at Cold Spring Harbor, L. I.
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ee Ly) ANTE: ; at ‘ 2 / ii, = J) G// | LOUISIANA WATER THRUSH Group,HallNo.308 I8I [73]
BIRDS-OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY 183 Grinnell’s Water-thrush (Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis). Western North America; eastward during the migrations to Virginia and South Atlantic States. This western species has been recorded only from Raritan, N. J., May «o, 1889 (Southwick, Auk, IX, 1892, p. 303), and Princeton, N. J. Sept. 10, 1879 (Babson).
Louisiana Water-thrush (Seiurus motacilla). It is a common summer resident in the lower Hudson Valley, where it has been found as far north as Lake George (Fisher), and is not uncommon in the lower Connecticut Valley. There are two records for Massachusetts and two for Rhode Island. On Long Island it is very rare (Dutcher). (See group, third floor). *Kentucky Warbler (Opornis formosa).
This is a common summer resident on the banks of the Lower Hudson River and has been recorded from Fort Lee and Riverdale (Bicknell), Englewood (Chapman), and Sing Sing (Fisher), beyond which point it is as yet unknown. In Connecticut there are but three records, viz: at Sufheld where a male was : taken August 16, 1876 (Merriam), at Green- Fic. 33. Kenrucky WARBLER. wich, where a pair and a fledgeling were seen and the male taken July 10, 1892 (Vorhees, Auk, X, 1893, p. 86) and at West Stratford, where a male was shot May, 30, 1888 (Lucas, Orn. and Ool., XIV, 18890, p. 62). On Long Island it is very rare, there being but one recent record if its occurrence (Dutcher). It is wholly absent in the vicinity of Plainfield, N. J., (Miller) and at Princeton (Babson). Connecticut Warbler (Oporornis agilis). This species is an exceedingly rare spring migrant east of the Alleghanies, and I know of no record of its occurrence here at that season; in the fall, however, it is not uncommon, and sometimes is abundant, arriving as early as September 3 and remaining until the latter part of the month.
*Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia). This species is one of our rare Warblers; it passes northward during the latter half of May. *Northern Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla). One of our most abundant summer residents. It arrives about May 5 and remains until October. (See group, third floor.)
Yellow-breasted Chat (J/cteria virens). A,common summer resident, arriving about May 5 and remaining until September.
*Hooded Warbler (/Vilsonia mitrata). The Hooded Warbler is here near the northern limit of its range. At Englewood, N. J., it is an abundant summer resident, arriving about May 5 and remaining until the middle of September. At Riverdale, N. J., it is locally common (Bicknell), at Sing Sing it is not common (Fisher), but at Highland Falls it is “very common” (Mearns). It has been taken at Fishkill, the most northern point in the [75]
184 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL Hudson River Valley from which it has been recorded. In Connecticut it is common at Saybrook and New Haven, but is rare north of these points (Sage). In Massachusetts it has been found only twice. On Long Island it is rare. At Plainfield and Princeton, N. J., it is a rare migrant. *Wilson’s Warbler (JWilsonia pusilla). This bird is here a rather uncommon spring migrant, passing northward from the 12th to the 3oth of May, but is not uncommon at times during its return journey, which takes place between August 15 and September 15.
*Canadian Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis). A common migrant, passing porth from May Io to June Io and returning between August 5 and September 10.
*American Redstart (Stcophaga ruticilla). A common summer resident of our woodland; it arrives about May 5 and remains until early October. (See group, third floor.)
Famity MOTACILLIDA®. WacrTAILS.
*American Pipit; Titlark (Anihus pensilvanicus). The Titlark is a generally common, and, along our coasts, an abundant migrant. It travels northward from the latter part of March to early May and returns on its southern journey during October and November.
Famiry MIMIDA. Mocxinepirps, THRASHERS, ETC.
*Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos). Breeds from the Bahamas and Mexico +o southern Illinois and northern New Jersey, rarely to Massachusetts, and winters from North Carolina southward. The Mockingbird is of rare occurrence it. this vicinity and doubtless many of the specimens reported are escaped cage-birds. It has, however, been found breeding at several localities, and at Tenafiy, N. J., a pair returned to the same locality for several years (Auk, VI, 1889, p. 305). On several occasions Mockingbirds have been found here during the winter and have shown their ability to withstand our coldest weather as long as they can obtain an abundance of food. *Catbird (Galeoscoptes carolinensis). An abundant summer resident, arriving about May 3 and remaining until October 20. (See group, third floor.) *Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum). A common summer resident, appearing about April 20 and remaining until the middle of October and occasicnally later. (See group, second floor.)
Famity TROGLODYTID#. Wrens.
*Carolina Wren(Tiiryothorus ludovicianus). Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf States to southern Iowa, northern Illinois, and southern Connecticut; resident, except at the northern limit of its range. Generally speaking the Carolina Wren is a rather rare bird in this vicinity but on the [76]