Iridocyclitis

We are reporting a case of bilateral Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis with chikungunya virus infection in the left eye. A 20-year-old female was presented with a past history of fever suggestive of chikungunya with bilateral Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis and complicated cataract. She had a tripod dendritic pattern of keratic precipitates by confocal microscopy in the left eye with a stippled pattern of keratic precipitates in both eyes. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay in the aqueous humor detected 98 copies/ml of chikungunya virus RNA. The patient underwent clear corneal phacoemulsification with in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation in the left eye with a good visual outcome. This is the first report where the presence of chikungunya virus RNA has been associated with a case of bilateral Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis.

We report the spectrum of ocular toxicity following accidental inoculation of latex of Calotropis procera (Sodom apple) in 29 eyes between January 2003 and December 2006. All patients presented with sudden painless dimness of vision with photophobia. Twenty-five (86%) patients had initial visual acuity of less than 20/60. All eyes had conjunctival congestion and mild to severe corneal edema with Descemet's folds. Three (10%) eyes had an epithelial defect, nine (31%) had iridocyclitis, and seven (24%) had associated secondary glaucoma. After treatment with topical corticosteroids, antiglaucoma agents, cycloplegics, hypertonic saline and tears supplements, 27 (93%) eyes recovered completely within 3-14 days. After three months, 17 (74%) out of 23 eyes showed a significant low endothelial cell count compared to the normal fellow eye ( P 0.001). The latex of Calotropis procera causes significant ocular morbidity which may be preventable by simple health education. The long-term effect on corneal endothelium has to be studied further.

PurposeTo explore the intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) alteration of the primary visual cortex (V1) between individuals with iridocyclitis and healthy controls (HCs) by the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique, and to investigate whether FC findings be used to differentiate patients with iridocyclitis from HCs.MethodsTwenty-six patients with iridocyclitis and twenty-eight well-matched HCs were recruited in our study and underwent resting-state fMRI examinations. The fMRI data were analyzed by Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12), Data Processing and Analysis for Brain Imaging (DPABI), and Resting State fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit (REST) software. Differences in FC signal values of the V1 between the individuals with iridocyclitis and HCs were compared using independent two-sample t-tests. Significant differences in FC between two groups were chosen as classification features for distinguishing individuals with iridocyclitis from HCs using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier that involved machine learning. Classifier performance was evaluated using permutation test analysis.ResultsCompared with HCs, patients with iridocyclitis displayed significantly increased FC between the left V1 and left cerebellum crus1, left cerebellum 10, bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, right hippocampus, and left superior occipital gyrus. Moreover, patients with iridocyclitis displayed significantly lower FC between the left V1 and both the bilateral calcarine and bilateral postcentral gyrus. Patients with iridocyclitis also exhibited significantly higher FC values between the right V1 and left cerebellum crus1, bilateral thalamus, and left middle temporal gyrus; while they displayed significantly lower FC between the right V1 and both the bilateral calcarine and bilateral postcentral gyrus (voxel-level PPPConclusionPatients with iridocyclitis displayed significantly disturbed FC between the V1 and various brain regions, including vision-related, somatosensory, and cognition-related regions. The FC variability could distinguish patients with iridocyclitis from HCs with substantial accuracy. These findings may aid in identifying the potential neurological mechanisms of impaired visual function in individuals with iridocyclitis.

PurposeTo investigate the inflammatory cytokine profiles in the aqueous humor (AH) of patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS) and evaluate their correlations with key ophthalmic parameters.MethodsAqueous humor samples were collected from 31 eyes with PSS, 26 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and 20 eyes with age-related cataract (ARC, control group) at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University. A multiplex bead-based flow cytometric immunoassay was performed to quantify the concentrations of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferons (IFN-α, IFN-γ). Simultaneously, the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in PSS samples was assessed by PCR. Clinical data including corneal endothelial cell density, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and visual field were also recorded.ResultsThe AH levels of IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were significantly elevated in PSS patients compared to controls (P ConclusionDistinct inflammatory cytokine profiles in the AH of PSS patients suggest a prominent immune response potentially contributing to disease pathogenesis. IL-6 may serve as a biomarker reflecting both inflammation and tissue damage in PSS. Note: CECD, corneal endothelial cell density; RECL, relative decrease in CECD loss between the affected eye and the fellow eye.