Definition and research guide
This page combines a MeSH definition, publication statistics and selected research abstracts. It is a starting point for reading the literature, not a medical textbook or a systematic evidence review.
Content available: 3 complete abstracts (632 words), 9 references. Full article text is not stored or reproduced here; follow the PMID, DOI or PMC links to read the original sources and their access terms.
Definition
Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane.
Definition: NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) scope note (Public domain (U.S. National Library of Medicine); attribution requested). View the MeSH record.
Also known as: Tomographies.
Where it fits in the MeSH classification
- Broader topics
- Diagnostic Imaging
- Narrower topics
- Electron Microscope Tomography; Magnetic Particle Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, Emission-Computed; Tomography, Optical; Tomography, X-Ray
- See also
- Anatomy, Cross-Sectional
Research landscape
PubMed indexes 1,224,820 records tagged with the MeSH heading “Tomography” (counts retrieved 2026-11-04). 306,566 of them (25.0%) were published from 2020 onward, and the busiest period so far is 2010-2019 with 471,026 records.
Reviews account for 125,289 records (10.2%) and meta-analyses for 7,573. Randomized controlled trials number 18,227 (1.5%) as a share of all records on the topic. Randomized trials make up only a small share of this literature, so much of what is known comes from laboratory, observational or descriptive work.
Show the data
| Period | Records |
|---|---|
| through 1999 | 179,540 |
| 2000-2009 | 267,688 |
| 2010-2019 | 471,026 |
| 2020 onward | 306,566 |
Publication-type chart data
| Type | Records | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Reviews | 125,289 | 10.2% |
| Meta-analyses | 7,573 | 0.6% |
| Randomized controlled trials | 18,227 | 1.5% |
Method: PubMed query "Tomography"[MeSH Terms] with publication-type and date filters, retrieved 2026-11-04.
Reading the evidence in diagnostics and medical technology
A test or device is judged by how well it detects a condition, how often it gives false alarms or misses cases, and whether using it improves outcomes for people. Accuracy depends on who is tested and how common the condition is, so a test that performs well in a specialist hospital can perform differently in the community. Check the reference standard, the population studied, the sensitivity and specificity and whether results were confirmed in a separate group.
Evidence from open-access studies
These open-access studies come from PubMed’s best-match results for this heading (papers whose main topic it is), ranked here by citation count, with one recent addition. Each abstract is reproduced in full under its recorded open licence so that you can read the authors’ own words. They illustrate the literature; they are not a systematic summary of it. Citation counts measure attention, not reliability or clinical benefit.
| Study / authors | Year | Source label / design | Europe PMC citations | Licence / source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mapping human visual contrast sensitivity and vision loss across the visual field with model-based fMRI | 2026 | Research article Design not recorded in structured metadata | 1 | cc by PMID 42826108 · DOI · PMC13633074 |
| Quantifying the Transmit-Power Threshold for Reliable Passive Detuning of Inductively Coupled Wireless Resonators in MRI: A Phantom Study | 2026 | Research article Design not recorded in structured metadata | 0 | cc by PMID 42788201 · DOI · PMC13613141 |
| Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2)-Targeted PET Tracer [18F]RP-115: Alternate Synthetic Method | 2026 | Research article Design not recorded in structured metadata | 0 | cc by PMID 42952031 · DOI · PMC13716918 |
Mapping human visual contrast sensitivity and vision loss across the visual field with model-based fMRI [1]
Abstract reading summary — source excerpts
- Opening excerpt
- Peripheral vision is crucial for daily activities and quality of life, yet traditional measures of visual function like visual acuity primarily assess central vision.
- Closing excerpt
- This approach, integrating large-field stimulation with a retinotopic atlas, offers a promising tool for monitoring vision loss and recovery across a range of visual impairments, addressing a significant challenge in current clinical assessments.
- Interpretation limits
- Verbatim excerpts from the authors’ abstract; the closing excerpt may describe a finding, limitation or recommendation. Design, population, effect size and uncertainty have not been independently extracted or appraised. Read the complete abstract and linked paper before interpreting the findings.
Read complete abstract (299 words)
Peripheral vision is crucial for daily activities and quality of life, yet traditional measures of visual function like visual acuity primarily assess central vision. Visual field tests can evaluate peripheral vision but require extended focus and precise fixation, often challenging for patients with severe sight loss. Functional MRI (fMRI) with population receptive field (pRF) mapping offers a non-invasive way to map scotomas but relies on single contrast levels and accurate fixation. We developed an fMRI-based approach to measure contrast sensitivity across the visual field without requiring precise fixation. Combining large-field stimulation with varying spatial frequencies and contrast levels, and either pRF mapping or a structure-based retinotopic atlas, we modeled contrast sensitivity in the primary visual cortex (V1) over a large (40 deg) expanse of the visual field. In seven normally sighted participants, we characterized differences in V1 sensitivity across eccentricities and visual quadrants, finding reliable and reproducible patterns at individual and session levels. To test robustness to fixation variability, we investigated how varying levels of eye movement affected V1 sensitivity patterns in two participants: cortical sensitivity patterns were largely preserved despite eye movements, particularly at low spatial frequencies. This suggests our approach can accommodate several degrees of fixation instability, making it suitable for populations with unstable or biased fixation for whom visual field maps are harder to acquire behaviorally (e.g., patients with dense central scotoma or strabismus). Additionally, our method effectively visualized simulated and disease-linked sensitivity loss at the cortical level. Crucially, these results could be largely recovered using the structure-based retinotopic atlas, eliminating the need for pRF mapping and precise fixation, although with reduced sensitivity. This approach, integrating large-field stimulation with a retinotopic atlas, offers a promising tool for monitoring vision loss and recovery across a range of visual impairments, addressing a significant challenge in current clinical assessments.
Abstract reproduced from the open-access article under the recorded cc by licence; © the authors. PMID 42826108 · DOI · PMC13633074
Quantifying the Transmit-Power Threshold for Reliable Passive Detuning of Inductively Coupled Wireless Resonators in MRI: A Phantom Study [2]
Abstract reading summary — source excerpts
- Opening excerpt
- This work develops and validates a practical method for quantifying the transmit-power threshold at which passive detuning of inductively coupled wireless resonators becomes reliable in MRI.
- Closing excerpt
- The proposed method provides a practical, straightforward tool for acceptance testing and quality assurance of wireless resonator safety in both clinical and research MRI settings.
- Interpretation limits
- Verbatim excerpts from the authors’ abstract; the closing excerpt may describe a finding, limitation or recommendation. Design, population, effect size and uncertainty have not been independently extracted or appraised. Read the complete abstract and linked paper before interpreting the findings.
Read complete abstract (140 words)
This work develops and validates a practical method for quantifying the transmit-power threshold at which passive detuning of inductively coupled wireless resonators becomes reliable in MRI. All experiments were performed using phantoms. A near/far spatial signal ratio is computed from a series of gradient-echo (GRE) images acquired at different nominal flip angles. This ratio reveals ineffective detuning as a characteristic L-shaped curve whose inflection point marks the detuning threshold. The method was validated experimentally with wireless resonators incorporating different numbers of crossed diode pairs, at multiple static field strengths (3 and 7T), and with different scanner vendors. At 3T, the method produced consistent B1+ thresholds across Philips and GE scanners despite their different flip-angle thresholds. The proposed method provides a practical, straightforward tool for acceptance testing and quality assurance of wireless resonator safety in both clinical and research MRI settings.
Abstract reproduced from the open-access article under the recorded cc by licence; © the authors. PMID 42788201 · DOI · PMC13613141
Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2)-Targeted PET Tracer [18F]RP-115: Alternate Synthetic Method [3]
Abstract reading summary — source excerpts
- Opening excerpt
- Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is a key regulator of extracellular glutamate in the central nervous system.
- Closing excerpt
- This efficient synthesis may serve as a basis for the future implementation of a CMRF-based automated radiosynthesis of [18F]RP-115.
- Interpretation limits
- Verbatim excerpts from the authors’ abstract; the closing excerpt may describe a finding, limitation or recommendation. Design, population, effect size and uncertainty have not been independently extracted or appraised. Read the complete abstract and linked paper before interpreting the findings.
Read complete abstract (193 words)
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is a key regulator of extracellular glutamate in the central nervous system. Dysregulated EAAT2 is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), highlighting EAAT2 as a potential target for PET imaging. We previously reported a multistep radiosynthesis of [18F]RP-115, a CNS-permeable prodrug that undergoes esterase-mediated hydrolysis in the CNS to yield the active EAAT2-binding carboxylate. Motivated by recent advances in copper-mediated radiofluorination (CMRF), we sought to develop a more efficient late-stage radiosynthesis of [18F]RP-115. A two-step radiosynthesis of [18F]RP-115 using CMRF provided [18F]RP-115 in high radiochemical yield (52.8% ± 2.1 %, decay-corrected from starting [18F]fluoride ion, n = 4), high molar activity (355 ± 61 GBq/μmol), and high radiochemical purity (> 99%) with a total synthesis time of 70 min. Chiral HPLC analysis demonstrated that the configuration of the aspartic acid residue remained intact without racemization during both the CMRF and trifluoroacetic acid mediated deprotection. We developed an efficient radiosynthesis of [18F]RP-115 via CMRF, achieving high radiochemical yield and molar activity. This efficient synthesis may serve as a basis for the future implementation of a CMRF-based automated radiosynthesis of [18F]RP-115.
Abstract reproduced from the open-access article under the recorded cc by licence; © the authors. PMID 42952031 · DOI · PMC13716918
Key reviews and meta-analyses
The most cited review-type papers among PubMed’s best-match results for this heading, listed with bibliographic details only. Follow the links for the full text and access terms.
- Research article Evolution of deep learning tooth segmentation from CT/CBCT images: a systematic review and meta-analysis [4]
- Research article Plaque quantification from coronary computed tomography angiography in predicting cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis [5]
- Research article IVUS, OCT, or Angiography as Guidance for PCI in Complex Coronary Artery Lesions: Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials [6]
- Research article Liver Fat Quantification and Steatosis Grading in Fatty Liver Disease by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [7]
- Research article Diagnostic accuracy of CT for identifying high-risk colon cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis [8]
- Research article Deep-learning-based non-contrast CT for detecting acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and HSROC meta-analysis of patient-level diagnostic accuracy [9]
Full-text reviews on EvidenceLib
Open-access review articles about this topic, reproduced in full with authors, licence and references.
Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography: A New Skin Imaging Technique Reproducing a “Virtual Biopsy” with Evolving Clinical Applications in Dermatology
Simone Cappilli, Andrea Paradisi, Alessandro Di Stefani et al. · Diagnostics 2024 · CC BY 4.0
Optical Methods for Non-Invasive Determination of Skin Penetration: Current Trends, Advances, Possibilities, Prospects, and Translation into In Vivo Human Studies
Maxim E. Darvin · Pharmaceutics 2023 · CC BY 4.0
Virtual Reality in Neurosurgery: Beyond Neurosurgical Planning
Rakesh Mishra, M.D. Krishna Narayanan, Giuseppe E. Umana et al. · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022 · CC BY 4.0
Pericoronary fat attenuation index—a new imaging biomarker and its diagnostic and prognostic utility: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Marios Sagris, Alexios S Antonopoulos, Spiridon Simantiris et al. · European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging 2022 · CC BY 4.0
Image-based biomechanical models of the musculoskeletal system
Fabio Galbusera, Andrea Cina, Matteo Panico et al. · European Radiology Experimental 2020 · CC BY 4.0
References
- Chow-Wing-Bom HT, Lisi M, Benson NC, Lygo-Frett F, Yu-Wai-Man P, Dick F, et al.. Mapping human visual contrast sensitivity and vision loss across the visual field with model-based fMRI. . 2026. PMID 42826108 · DOI · PMC13633074
- Lu M, Jiang X, Ma Y, Qian Y, Liao C, Yang Y, et al.. Quantifying the Transmit-Power Threshold for Reliable Passive Detuning of Inductively Coupled Wireless Resonators in MRI: A Phantom Study. . 2026. PMID 42788201 · DOI · PMC13613141
- Lee SH, Blecha J, Kim JM, Nillo RM, Flavell RR, Chao CK, et al.. Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2)-Targeted PET Tracer [18F]RP-115: Alternate Synthetic Method. . 2026. PMID 42952031 · DOI · PMC13716918
- Kot WY, Au Yeung SY, Leung YY, Leung PH, Yang WF. Evolution of deep learning tooth segmentation from CT/CBCT images: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2025. PMID 40420051 · DOI · PMC12107724
- Bell JS, Weir-McCall J, Nicol E, Lip GYH, Nørgaard BL, Fairbairn TA. Plaque quantification from coronary computed tomography angiography in predicting cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2025. PMID 40425410 · DOI
- Carvalho PEP, Antunes VLJ, Bittar de Pontes V, Gomes WF, Polachini Assunes Goncalves B, Caixeta A, et al.. IVUS, OCT, or Angiography as Guidance for PCI in Complex Coronary Artery Lesions: Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2026. PMID 41534986 · DOI
- Al-Huneidi LI, Zhao F, Maas R, Ermans SJE, Runge J, Chen X, et al.. Liver Fat Quantification and Steatosis Grading in Fatty Liver Disease by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025. PMID 41117160 · DOI · PMC12666615
- Shkurti J, van den Berg K, Tissier RLM, van der Mierden S, Lahaye MJ, Beets-Tan RGH, et al.. Diagnostic accuracy of CT for identifying high-risk colon cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 2026. PMID 40819156 · DOI · PMC12953287
- Gete KY, Ayele AA. Deep-learning-based non-contrast CT for detecting acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and HSROC meta-analysis of patient-level diagnostic accuracy. BMC Neurol. 2025. PMID 41398240 · DOI · PMC12706894
About this article
- Sources
- NLM Medical Subject Headings (definition, synonyms); NCBI PubMed (counts, identifiers); Europe PMC (open-access abstracts and citation counts).
- Verification
- Every reference was resolved against PubMed on 2026-11-04; title, year and DOI matched.
- Review state
- automated source verified; no human expert review has been recorded yet.
- Version
- 1, last updated 2026-11-04.
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Evidence strength
EvidenceHelix's computed view of the study designs behind this topic: how common meta-analyses, randomized trials and reviews are, how recent the literature is, and a plain-language reading. It describes the design mix of the literature. It is not a quality appraisal of any study, and it is not medical advice.