All the authors would like to pay tribute to Dr Sunil Shah, who was one of the trial investigators and helped to conceive the idea for the trial, and was involved in its planning, delivery and evaluation until his death in September 2015.
We are grateful to the south-west London general practices, their practice nurses who supported this study and all of the patients from these practices who participated: Upper Tooting Road Practice, Tooting; Chatfield Practice, Battersea; Wrythe Green Surgery, Carshalton; Francis Grove Surgery, Wimbledon; Putneymead Group Medical Practice, Putney; Heathfield Practice, Putney; and Cricket Green Medical Practice, Mitcham.
We would like to thank our supportive TSC: Professor Sarah Lewis (chairperson), Professor Paul Little (GP representative) and Mr Bob Laventure (patient and public involvement representative).
We would also like to provide our grateful thanks to the following people for their input in the study: Dr Iain Carey, who helped with processing the downloaded general practice data; Debbie Brewin, who helped with practice nurse training and handbook and diary content; and Becca Homes, who conducted the non-participant interviews.
Contributions of authors
Tess Harris (GP and Professor of Primary Care Research) conceived the idea for the study with the other study co-investigators; led the protocol development and the funding application; co-designed the behaviour change intervention, the patient handbook and the patient diary; supervised the running of the trial; contributed to the analysis and led the drafting of the report.
Sally Kerry (Reader in Medical Statistics) helped to conceive the idea for the study, participated in the study design and the development of the research protocol and the funding application, sat on the TMG, wrote the statistics analysis plan, performed the quantitative analyses and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Christina Victor (Professor of Gerontology and Health Services Research) helped to conceive the idea for the study, developed the research protocol and funding application, helped with the questionnaire development, led on the qualitative aspects of the study and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Steve Iliffe (GP and Professor of Primary Care for Older People) helped to conceive the idea for the study, developed the research protocol and funding application, advised on the trial safety aspects, helped with the questionnaire development and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Michael Ussher (Professor of Behavioural Medicine) helped to conceive the idea for the study, developed the research protocol and funding application, co-designed the behaviour change intervention, co-designed and helped to carry out the nurse training, advised on the questionnaire development and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Julia Fox-Rushby (Professor of Health Economics) developed the research protocol and funding application, designed the health economics procedures and data collection tools, supervised the health economics data collection, analysis and reporting and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Peter Whincup (Professor of Cardiovascular Epidemiology) helped to conceive the idea for the study, developed the research protocol and funding application, helped with the questionnaire development, advised on the anthropometric assessment and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Ulf Ekelund (Professor of Physical Activity Epidemiology) helped to conceive the idea for the study, developed the research protocol and funding application, advised on PA measurement, reporting and analysis and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Cheryl Furness (Trial Manager) provided the day-to-day overall management of the trial, sat on the TMG, co-designed and carried out the nurse training, co-ordinated the recruitment of practices and participants, took responsibility for data management, led on the process evaluation and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Elizabeth Limb (Study Statistician) sat on the TMG, helped to write the statistics analysis plan, arranged the random sampling of households, performed the quantitative analyses, prepared the tables and flow diagrams and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Nana Anokye (Health Economist) designed the health economics procedures and data collection tools, carried out the health economics analyses, prepared the tables and appendices relating to the health economics results and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Judith Ibison (GP and Senior Lecturer in Primary Care) helped with the recruitment of practices, recruitment of research staff, downloading of data in practices, questionnaire development and planning of the intervention delivery and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Stephen DeWilde (GP and Senior Lecturer in Primary Care) helped with the recruitment of practices, advising on GP searches, downloading of data in practices, interpretation of GP data and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Lee David (GP and Director of 10 Minute CBT) co-designed the behaviour change intervention, co-designed the patient handbook and diary, advised on the nurse and patient feedback forms, co-designed the nurse training, led on the behaviour change aspects of training, provided feedback to the nurses on BCT delivery and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Emma Howard (Research Assistant) was involved in compiling patient information and data collection packs, conducted recruitment and follow-up of participants (including informed consent, randomisation and data collection), collated and analysed data for the process evaluation and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Rebecca Dale (Research Assistant) was involved in compiling patient information and data collection packs, conducted recruitment and follow-up of participants (including informed consent, randomisation and data collection) and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Jaime Smith (Research Assistant) recruited and followed up participants (including informed consent, randomisation and data collection), carried out qualitative interviews with the intervention group participants, undertook the qualitative analyses and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Rebecca Normansell (GP and Deputy Coordinating Editor of the Cochrane Airways Group) carried out qualitative interviews with the intervention group participants and practice nurses, undertook the qualitative analyses and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Carole Beighton (Senior Lecturer in Nursing) conducted a focus group with the practice nurses, carried out qualitative interviews with participants as part of the 3-year follow-up, undertook the qualitative analyses and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Katy Morgan (Statistician) carried out analyses relating to the generalisability and representativeness of the sample and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Charlotte Wahlich (Research Assistant) contacted participants for the 3-year follow-up (including informed consent and data collection), carried out the qualitative interviews with participants as part of the 3-year follow-up, undertook the qualitative analyses and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Sabina Sanghera (Health Economist) carried out the economic analyses relating to the health services use data and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Derek Cook (Professor of Epidemiology) helped to conceive the idea for the study; participated in the study design, development of the research protocol and the funding application; sat on the TMG; wrote the statistical analysis plan; performed the quantitative analyses and contributed to the drafting of the report.
Publications
Harris T, Kerry SM, Victor CR, Shah SM, Iliffe S, Ussher M, et al. PACE-UP (Pedometer And Consultation Evaluation – UP) – a pedometer-based walking intervention with and without practice nurse support in primary care patients aged 45-75 years: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2013;14:418.
Normansell R, Smith J, Victor C, Cook DG, Kerry S, Iliffe S, et al. Numbers are not the whole story: a qualitative exploration of barriers and facilitators to increased physical activity in a primary care based walking intervention. BMC Public Health 2014;14:1272.
Beighton C, Victor C, Normansell R, Cook D, Kerry S, Iliffe S, et al. ‘It’s not just about walking . . . it’s the practice nurse that makes it work’: a qualitative exploration of the views of practice nurses delivering complex physical activity interventions in primary care. BMC Public Health 2015;15:1236.
Normansell R, Holmes R, Victor C, Cook DG, Kerry S, Iliffe S, et al. Exploring non-participation in primary care physical activity interventions: PACE-UP trial interview findings. BMC Trials 2016;17:178.
Harris T, Kerry SM, Limb ES, Victor CR, Iliffe S, Ussher M, et al. Effect of a primary care walking intervention with and without nurse support on physical activity levels in 45- to 75-year-olds: the Pedometer And Consultation Evaluation (PACE-UP) cluster randomised clinical trial. PLOS Med 2017;14:e1002210.
Wahlich C, Beighton C, Victor C, Normansell R, Cook D, Kerry S, et al. ‘You started something . . . then I continued by myself’: a qualitative study of physical activity maintenance. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2017;18:574–90.
Furness C, Howard E, Limb E, Cook DG, Kerry S, Wahlich C, et al. Relating process evaluation measures to complex intervention outcomes: findings from the PACE-UP primary care pedometer-based walking trial. Trials 2018;19:58.
Harris T, Kerry SM, Limb ES, Furness C, Wahlich C, Victor CR, et al. Physical activity levels in adults and older adults 3-4 years after pedometer-based walking interventions: Long-term follow-up of participants from two randomised controlled trials in UK primary care. PLOS Med 2018;15:e1002526.
Kerry SM, Morgan KE, Limb E, Cook DG, Furness C, Carey I, et al. Interpreting population reach of a large, successful physical activity trial delivered through primary care. BMC Public Health 2018;18:170.
Data sharing statement
Anonymised individual patient data may be available for the trial effectiveness and cost-effectiveness analyses. These will be stored in a secure data repository at St George’s, University of London. All queries and requests should be submitted to the corresponding author for initial consideration.
Patient data
This work uses data provided by patients and collected by the NHS as part of their care and support. Using patient data is vital to improve health and care for everyone. There is huge potential to make better use of information from people’s patient records, to understand more about disease, develop new treatments, monitor safety, and plan NHS services. Patient data should be kept safe and secure, to protect everyone’s privacy, and it’s important that there are safeguards to make sure that it is stored and used responsibly. Everyone should be able to find out about how patient data are used. #datasaveslives You can find out more about the background to this citation here: https://understandingpatientdata.org.uk/data-citation.
Disclaimers
This report presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views and opinions expressed by authors in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NHS, the NIHR, NETSCC, the HTA programme or the Department of Health and Social Care. If there are verbatim quotations included in this publication the views and opinions expressed by the interviewees are those of the interviewees and do not necessarily reflect those of the authors, those of the NHS, the NIHR, NETSCC, the HTA programme or the Department of Health and Social Care.