Skip to content
EvidenceHelixEvidenceLib · Scientific Encyclopedia
⌘ K

Scientific library

EvidenceLib encyclopediaAll articles A–Z2,835Open textbooks209Open-access articles1,406Cancer study catalog458How it is made

My workspace this browser

Saved pages0Notes & annotations0

Recently viewed

Explore by field

Cancer and Oncology182Genetics and Genomics170Neuroscience185Cardiovascular Medicine180Immunology142Pharmacology173Molecular Biology161Infectious Diseases150Rare and Inherited Diseases181Clinical Research173Anatomy and Physiology613Drugs and Chemicals621Psychiatry and Psychology185Public Health and Nutrition178Diagnostics and Medical Technology125Respiratory Medicine113Digestive System and Liver91Metabolism and Endocrine Disease177Bones, Joints, Muscles and Skin213Kidney, Urology and Women's Health173Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat55
Plans & pricingCompare EvidenceHelix workspace plans
Library›Open textbooks›A rapid intrapartum test for group B Streptococcus to reduce antibiotic usage in mothers with risk factors: the GBS2 cluster RCT›References

Continue where you left off ()

Explore more with EvidenceHelix Workspace

Compare studies, analyze evidence and create research reports with premium tools.

Explore Researcher plans

A rapid intrapartum test for group B Streptococcus to reduce antibiotic usage in mothers with risk factors: the GBS2 cluster RCT · References

References

CC BY 4.0 · NIHR Journals Library · approximately 11 min read

  1. Daniels JP, Dixon E, Gill A, Bishop J, Wilks M, Millar M, et al. Rapid intrapartum test for maternal group B streptococcal colonisation and its effect on antibiotic use in labouring women with risk factors for early-onset neonatal infection (GBS2): cluster randomised trial with nested test accuracy study. BMC Med 2022;20:9. 10.1186/s12916-021-02202-235027057
  2. Shabayek S, Spellerberg B. Group B streptococcal colonization, molecular characteristics, and epidemiology. Front Microbiol 2018;9:437. 10.3389/fmicb.2018.0043729593684
  3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Antibiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Early-Onset Neonatal Infection. London: NICE; 2012.
  4. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Prevention of Early-Onset Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Disease. London: RCOG; 2017.
  5. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Group B Streptococcal Disease, Early-Onset. London: RCOG; 2017.
  6. Russell NJ, Seale AC, O’Driscoll M, O’Sullivan C, Bianchi-Jassir F, Gonzalez-Guarin J, et al. Maternal colonization with group B streptococcus and serotype distribution worldwide: systematic review and meta-analyses. Clin Infect Dis 2017;65:S100–S111. 10.1093/cid/cix65829117327
  7. Gopal Rao G, Hiles S, Bassett P, Lamagni T. Differential rates of group B streptococcus (GBS) colonisation in pregnant women in a racially diverse area of London, UK: a cross-sectional study. BJOG 2019;126:1347–53. 10.1111/1471-0528.1564830734508
  8. Colbourn T, Gilbert R. An overview of the natural history of early onset group B streptococcal disease in the UK. Early Hum Dev 2007;83:149–56. 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.01.00417300884
  9. Katz V, Bowes WA. Perinatal group B streptococcal infections across intact amniotic membranes. J Reprod Med 1988;33:445–9.3290476
  10. Baker CJ, Barrett FF. Transmission of group B streptococci among parturient women and their neonates. J Pediatr 1973;83:919–25. 10.1016/S0022-3476(73)80524-44585831
  11. Lin FY, Weisman LE, Troendle J, Adams K. Prematurity is the major risk factor for late-onset group B streptococcus disease. J Infect Dis 2003;188:267–71. 10.1086/37645712854082
  12. Bianchi-Jassir F, Seale AC, Kohli-Lynch M, Lawn JE, Baker CJ, Bartlett L, et al. Preterm birth associated with group B streptococcus maternal colonization worldwide: systematic review and meta-analyses. Clin Infect Dis 2017;65:S133–S142. 10.1093/cid/cix66129117329
  13. Madrid L, Seale AC, Kohli-Lynch M, Edmond KM, Lawn JE, Heath PT, et al. Infant group B streptococcal disease incidence and serotypes worldwide: systematic review and meta-analyses. Clin Infect Dis 2017;65:S160–S172. 10.1093/cid/cix65629117326
  14. O’Sullivan CP, Lamagni T, Patel D, Efstratiou A, Cunney R, Meehan M, et al. Group B streptococcal disease in UK and Irish infants younger than 90 days, 2014–15: a prospective surveillance study. Lancet Infect Dis 2019;19:83–90. 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30555-330497953
  15. Schrag SJ, Farley MM, Petit S, Reingold A, Weston EJ, Pondo T, et al. Epidemiology of invasive early-onset neonatal sepsis, 2005 to 2014. Pediatrics 2016;138:e20162013. 10.1542/peds.2016-201327940705
  16. Oddie S, Embleton ND. Risk factors for early onset neonatal group B streptococcal sepsis: case-control study. BMJ 2002;325:308. 10.1136/bmj.325.7359.30812169506
  17. Adriaanse AH, Lagendijk I, Muytjens HL, Nijhuis JG, Kollée LA. Neonatal early onset group B streptococcal infection. A nine-year retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital. J Perinat Med 1996;24:531–8. 10.1515/jpme.1996.24.5.5318950734
  18. Luck S, Torny M, d’Agapeyeff K, Pitt A, Heath P, Breathnach A, Russell AB. Estimated early-onset group B streptococcal neonatal disease. Lancet 2003;361:1953–4. 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13553-212801740
  19. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The Prevention of Early-Onset Group B Streptococcal Disease. London: RCOG; 2012.
  20. Colbourn T, Asseburg C, Bojke L, Philips Z, Claxton K, Ades AE, Gilbert RE. Prenatal screening and treatment strategies to prevent group B streptococcal and other bacterial infections in early infancy: cost-effectiveness and expected value of information analyses. Health Technol Assess 2007;11(29). 10.3310/hta11290
  21. Anderson BL, Simhan HN, Simons KM, Wiesenfeld HC. Untreated asymptomatic group B streptococcal bacteriuria early in pregnancy and chorioamnionitis at delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;196:524.e1–5. 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.01.00617547879
  22. Wood EG, Dillon HC. A prospective study of group B streptococcal bacteriuria in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;140:515–20. 10.1016/0002-9378(81)90226-X7018248
  23. Bevan D, White A, Marshall J, Peckham C. Modelling the effect of the introduction of antenatal screening for group B Streptococcus (GBS) carriage in the UK. BMJ Open 2019;9:e024324. 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024324
  24. Bazian Ltd. Screening for Group B Streptococcal Infection in Pregnancy. External Review Against Programme Appraisal Criteria for the UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC). London: UK National Screening Committee; 2012.
  25. Gray JW, Milner PJ, Edwards EH, Daniels JP, Khan KS. Feasibility of using microbiology diagnostic tests of moderate or high complexity at the point-of-care in a delivery suite. J Obstet Gynaecol 2012;32:458–60. 10.3109/01443615.2012.67303422663318
  26. Verani JR, McGee L, Schrag SJ, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease – revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep 2010;59:1–36.
  27. Feuerschuette OHM, Silveira SK, Cancelier ACL, da Silva RM, Trevisol DJ, Pereira JR. Diagnostic yield of real-time polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of intrapartum maternal rectovaginal colonization by group B streptococcus: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018;91:99–104. 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.01.01329454653
  28. UK National Screening Committee. The UK NSC Recommendation on Group B Streptococcus Screening in Pregnancy. London: UK National Screening Committee; 2017.
  29. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The Prevention of Early-Onset Group B Streptococcal Disease. London: RCOG; 2003.
  30. Ohlsson A, Shah VS, Stade BC. Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;12:CD003520. 10.1002/14651858.CD003520.pub3
  31. El Helali N, Nguyen JC, Ly A, Giovangrandi Y, Trinquart L. Diagnostic accuracy of a rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for universal intrapartum group B streptococcus screening. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:417–23. 10.1086/60030319580414
  32. Kaambwa B, Bryan S, Gray J, Milner P, Daniels J, Khan KS, Roberts TE. Cost-effectiveness of rapid tests and other existing strategies for screening and management of early-onset group B streptococcus during labour. BJOG 2010;117:1616–27. 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02752.x21078057
  33. World Health Organization (WHO). The Evolving Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance – Options for Action. Geneva: WHO; 2012.
  34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2019.
  35. Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC). Infections and the Rise of Antimicrobial Resistance. London: DHSC; 2013.
  36. Medernach RL, Logan LK. The growing threat of antibiotic resistance in children. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2018;32:1–17. 10.1016/j.idc.2017.11.00129406971
  37. Cantey JB, Sreeramoju P, Jaleel M, Treviño S, Gander R, Hynan LS, et al. Prompt control of an outbreak caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Pediatr 2013;163:672–9.e1–3. 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.03.00123582136
  38. Oteo J, Cercenado E, Vindel A, Bautista V, Fernandez-Romero S, Saez D, et al. Outbreak of multidrug-resistant CTX-M-15-producing Enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Med Microbiol 2013;62:571–5. 10.1099/jmm.0.053017-023264454
  39. Gibbs RS, Schrag S, Schuchat A. Perinatal infections due to group B streptococci. Obstet Gynecol 2004;104:1062–76. 10.1097/01.AOG.0000144128.03913.c2
  40. Friedman S, Shah V, Ohlsson A, Matlow AG. Neonatal Escherichia coli infections: concerns regarding resistance to current therapy. Acta Paediatr 2000;89:686–9. 10.1080/08035250075004400710914963
  41. Parm U, Metsvaht T, Sepp E, Ilmoja ML, Pisarev H, Pauskar M, Lutsar I. Risk factors associated with gut and nasopharyngeal colonization by common Gram-negative species and yeasts in neonatal intensive care units patients. Early Hum Dev 2011;87:391–9. 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.02.00721419584
  42. Dave J, Millar M, Haigh j, Mead R, McEwan R, Phee LM, et al. Enhanced Surveillance for Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria During the Olympic Period. Paper presented at Public Health England Annual Conference 2013, Warwick, UK.
  43. Millar MR, Seale J, Turton J, Wilks M, Costeloe K, Woodford N, et al. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in 24 neonatal units and associated networks in the south of England: no clustering of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in units or networks. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016;71:1174–7. 10.1093/jac/dkv45926755494
  44. Kasahara K, Baltus AJ, Lee SH, Edelstein MA, Edelstein PH. Prevalence of non-penicillin-susceptible group B streptococcus in Philadelphia and specificity of penicillin resistance screening methods. J Clin Microbiol 2010;48:1468–9. 10.1128/JCM.02296-0920107093
  45. Capanna F, Emonet SP, Cherkaoui A, Irion O, Schrenzel J, Martinez de Tejada B. Antibiotic resistance patterns among group B streptococcus isolates: implications for antibiotic prophylaxis for early-onset neonatal sepsis. Swiss Med Wkly 2013;143:w13778. 10.4414/smw.2013.1377823572445
  46. Teatero S, Ferrieri P, Martin I, Demczuk W, McGeer A, Fittipaldi N. Serotype distribution, population structure, and antimicrobial resistance of group B streptococcus strains recovered from colonized pregnant women. J Clin Microbiol 2017;55:412–22. 10.1128/jcm.01615-1627852675
  47. Yan Y, Hu H, Lu T, Fan H, Hu Y, Li G, et al. Investigation of serotype distribution and resistance genes profile in group B streptococcus isolated from pregnant women: a Chinese multicenter cohort study. APMIS 2016;124:794–9. 10.1111/apm.1257027452669
  48. Seki T, Kimura K, Reid ME, Miyazaki A, Banno H, Jin W, et al. High isolation rate of MDR group B streptococci with reduced penicillin susceptibility in Japan. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015;70:2725–8. 10.1093/jac/dkv20326169560
  49. Dinsmoor MJ, Viloria R, Lief L, Elder S. Use of intrapartum antibiotics and the incidence of postnatal maternal and neonatal yeast infections. Obstet Gynecol 2005;106:19–22. 10.1097/01.AOG.0000164049.12159.bd15994612
  50. Kenyon S, Pike K, Jones DR, Brocklehurst P, Marlow N, Salt A, Taylor DJ. Childhood outcomes after prescription of antibiotics to pregnant women with spontaneous preterm labour: 7-year follow-up of the ORACLE II trial. Lancet 2008;372:1319–27. 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61203-918804276
  51. Daniels J, Gray J, Pattison H, Roberts T, Edwards E, Milner P, et al. Rapid testing for group B streptococcus during labour: a test accuracy study with evaluation of acceptability and cost-effectiveness. Health Technol Assess 2009;13(42). 10.3310/hta13420
  52. Eldridge S, Kerry S, Torgerson DJ. Bias in identifying and recruiting participants in cluster randomised trials: what can be done? BMJ 2009;339:b4006. 10.1136/bmj.b400619819928
  53. Caille A, Kerry S, Tavernier E, Leyrat C, Eldridge S, Giraudeau B. Timeline cluster: a graphical tool to identify risk of bias in cluster randomised trials. BMJ 2016;354:i4291. 10.1136/bmj.i429127530617
  54. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Intrapartum Care: Care of Healthy Women and Their Babies During Childbirth. London: NICE; 2017.
  55. Cepheid. GeneXpert Dx System Operator Manual (Software Version 4). Sunnyvale, CA: Cepheid; 2012.
  56. Public Health England. UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations – Detection of Carriage of Group B Streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae). London: Public Health England; 2015.
  57. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Neonatal Infection (Early Onset): Antibiotics for Prevention and Treatment. London: NICE; 2012.
  58. McCall SJ, Bunch KJ, Brocklehurst P, D’Arcy R, Hinshaw K, Kurinczuk JJ, et al. The incidence, characteristics, management and outcomes of anaphylaxis in pregnancy: a population-based descriptive study. BJOG 2018;125:965–71. 10.1111/1471-0528.1504129193647
  59. Kenward MG, Roger JH. Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood. Biometrics 1997;53:983–97. 10.2307/25335589333350
  60. Clopper CJ, Pearson ES. The use of confidence or fiducial limits illustrated in the case of the binomial. Biometrika 1934;26:404–13. 10.1093/biomet/26.4.404
  61. Husereau D, Drummond M, Petrou S, Carswell C, Moher D, Greenberg D, et al. Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 2013;11:6. 10.1186/1478-7547-11-623531194
  62. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Guide to the Methods of Technology Appraisal 2013. London: NICE; 2013.
  63. Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary. London: BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press; 2019.
  64. Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC). National Schedule of Reference Costs (2017–2018). London: DHSC; 2019.
  65. Curtis LA, Burns A. Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2018. Canterbury: PSSRU, University of Kent; 2018. 10.22024/UniKent/01.02.70995
  66. Petrou S, Cooper P, Murray L, Davidson LL. Economic costs of post-natal depression in a high-risk British cohort. Br J Psychiatry 2002;181:505–12. 10.1192/bjp.181.6.50512456521
  67. Coomarasamy A, Williams H, Truchanowicz E, Seed PT, Small R, Quenby S, et al. PROMISE: first-trimester progesterone therapy in women with a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriages - a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international multicentre trial and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2016;20(41). 10.3310/hta20410
  68. Hollis S, Campbell F. What is meant by intention to treat analysis? Survey of published randomised controlled trials. BMJ 1999;319:670–4. 10.1136/bmj.319.7211.67010480822
  69. Drummond M, Sculpher M, Claxton K, Stoddart G, Torrance G. Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes. 4th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015.
  70. Husereau D, Drummond M, Petrou S, Carswell C, Moher D, Greenberg D, et al. Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) – explanation and elaboration: a report of the ISPOR Health Economic Evaluation Publication Guidelines Good Reporting Practices Task Force. Value Health 2013;16:231–50. 10.1016/j.jval.2013.02.00223538175
  71. Fenwick E, Byford S. A guide to cost-effectiveness acceptability curves. Br J Psychiatry 2005;187:106–8. 10.1192/bjp.187.2.10616055820
  72. Lamont T, Cousins D, Bischler A, Gerrett DJB. Safer loading doses of medicines: summary of a safety report from the National Patient Safety Agency. BMJ 2011;342:d33. 10.1136/bmj.d33
  73. Matuschek E, Brown DF, Kahlmeter G. Development of the EUCAST disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing method and its implementation in routine microbiology laboratories. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014;20:O255–66. 10.1111/1469-0691.1237324131428
  74. Modi N, Doré CJ, Saraswatula A, Richards M, Bamford KB, Coello R, Holmes A. A case definition for national and international neonatal bloodstream infection surveillance. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2009;94:F8–12. 10.1136/adc.2007.12645818499771
  75. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Audit of Current Practice in Preventing Early-Onset Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Disease in the UK. London: RCOG; 2016.
  76. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Intrapartum Care: Care of Healthy Women and their Babies During Childbirth. London: NICE; 2014.
  77. Seale J, Millar M. Perinatal vertical transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria: a systematic review and proposed research strategy. BJOG 2014;121:923–8. 10.1111/1471-0528.1274624674346
  78. Bulabula ANH, Dramowski A, Mehtar S. Transmission of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from colonized mothers to their infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect 2019. 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.10.001
  79. Islam MA, Amin MB, Roy S, Asaduzzaman M, Islam MR, Navab-Daneshmand T, et al. Fecal colonization with multidrug-resistant E. coli among healthy infants in rural Bangladesh. Front Microbiol 2019;10:640. 10.3389/fmicb.2019.0064031001224
  80. Zhang L, Kinkelaar D, Huang Y, Li Y, Li X, Wang HH. Acquired antibiotic resistance: are we born with it? Appl Environ Microbiol 2011;77:7134–41. 10.1128/aem.05087-1121821748
  81. Hetzer B, Orth-Höller D, Würzner R, Kreidl P, Lackner M, Müller T, et al. Enhanced acquisition of antibiotic-resistant intestinal E. coli during the first year of life assessed in a prospective cohort study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019;8:79. 10.1186/s13756-019-0522-631139362
  82. Petersen I, Gilbert R, Evans S, Ridolfi A, Nazareth I. Oral antibiotic prescribing during pregnancy in primary care: UK population-based study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;65:2238–46. 10.1093/jac/dkq30720716554
  83. Puopolo KM, Benitz WE, Zaoutis TE, Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Management of neonates born at ≥ 35 0/7 weeks’ gestation with suspected or proven early-onset bacterial sepsis. Pediatrics 2018;142:e20182894. 10.1542/peds.2018-289430455342
  84. Puopolo KM, Draper D, Wi S, Newman TB, Zupancic J, Lieberman E, et al. Estimating the probability of neonatal early-onset infection on the basis of maternal risk factors. Pediatrics 2011;128:e1155–63. 10.1542/peds.2010-346422025590
  85. Goel N, Shrestha S, Smith R, Mehta A, Ketty M, Muxworthy H, et al. Screening for early onset neonatal sepsis: NICE guidance-based practice versus projected application of the Kaiser Permanente sepsis risk calculator in the UK population. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2020;105:118–22. 10.1136/archdischild-2018-31677731296696
← DiscussionAcknowledgements →

Attribution. Jane Daniels; Emily F Dixon; Alicia Gill; Jon Bishop; Maria D’Amico; Khaled Ahmed et al. (2022). A rapid intrapartum test for group B Streptococcus to reduce antibiotic usage in mothers with risk factors: the GBS2 cluster RCT. NIHR Journals Library. Copyright © Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO 2022. This work was produced by Daniels et al. under the terms of a commissioning contract issued by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. NCBI Bookshelf NBK578219. CC BY 4.0. Original source ↗. Text reproduced from the Bookshelf XML without changing wording; figures, images and supplements are not reproduced.

In this chapter Contents

  • References

Source

OpenStax source file ↗

Source record ↗

EvidenceLib is a research-education resource, not medical advice. It does not diagnose, prescribe or recommend starting, stopping or changing any treatment. Talk to a qualified clinician about your own situation. Methods, sources and licences · Rights and removal requests · Legal · Support