CRediT contribution statement
Caroline Farmer (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3553-8970): Conceptualisation, Methodology, Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Helen Coelho (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4799-4300): Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Madhusubramanian Muthukumar (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0885-4097): Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Sophie Robinson (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0463-875X): Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Robert Meertens (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2120-8877): Validation, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Obioha C Ukoumunne (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0551-9157): Formal analysis, Methodology.
Val Santo (https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6153-0582): Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Niamh Gale (https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7105-8051): Validation, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Jonathan T Evans (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-6261): Validation, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Jonathan P Evans (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0090-1012): Validation, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Jenny Lowe (https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9288-250X): Resources, Project administration.
GJ Melendez-Torres (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9823-4790): Investigation, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Edward CF Wilson (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8369-1577): Conceptualisation, Supervision, Funding acquisition, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the administrative support provided by Sue Whiffin (PenTAG) and data extraction completed by Alex Allen.
Patient data statement
No patient data were collected, accessed or used in the conduct of this study. This project did not involve the use of identifiable, sensitive or confidential information relating to individual patients.
All analyses were carried out using non-personal, non-clinical and/or aggregated data sources, and as such, no ethical approval or patient consent was required under current data protection legislation, including the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR) and the Data Protection Act 2018.
Data-sharing statement
This report is based on a systematic review and economic analysis of data primarily derived from publicly available sources, including peer-reviewed publications, grey literature and other open-access materials. These sources can be accessed directly via the references provided.
A subset of the data included in the research was obtained from confidential sources and is not publicly available. As such, these specific materials cannot be shared.
Researchers interested in the methods used in the review are welcome to contact the study team for further clarification. Any requests for data access will be considered in line with legal and contractual obligations.
Ethics statement
This research was conducted using secondary data that were either publicly available or provided by the data holders for this purpose. Ethics approval was therefore not required.
Information governance statement
This report complies with all applicable information governance requirements set by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). No personal data, including personally identifiable information (PII) or personal health data, were collected, used or processed as part of this study.
All data used in the preparation of this report were either fully anonymised, aggregate or publicly available, and did not require ethical approval or individual consent under current data protection legislation, including the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR) and the Data Protection Act 2018.
Disclosure of interests
Full disclosure of interests: Completed ICMJE forms for all authors, including all related interests, are available in the toolkit on the NIHR Journals Library report publication page at https://doi.org/10.3310/GJCF0822.
Primary conflicts of interest: Robert Meertens has previously had contact with Qure.ai in his role as Director of Business Engagement and Innovation at the University of Exeter. Qure.ai visited the University of Exeter campus to deliver sessions to students and clinical radiographers. Robert Meertens has no financial interest or ongoing research relationship with Qure.ai. No other conflicts.
Disclaimer
Every effort has been made to obtain the necessary permissions for reproduction, to credit original sources appropriately and to respect copyright requirements. However, despite our diligence, we acknowledge the possibility of unintentional omissions or errors, and we welcome notifications of any concerns regarding copyright or permissions.
Disclaimers
This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). The views and opinions expressed by authors in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NHS, the NIHR, the HTA programme or the Department of Health and Social Care. If there are verbatim quotations included in this publication the views and opinions expressed by the interviewees are those of the interviewees and do not necessarily reflect those of the authors, those of the NHS, the NIHR, the HTA programme or the Department of Health and Social Care.