Skip to content
EvidenceHelixEvidenceLib · Scientific Encyclopedia
⌘ K

Scientific library

EvidenceLib encyclopediaAll articles A–Z2,835Open textbooks209Open-access articles1,406Cancer study catalog458How it is made

My workspace this browser

Saved pages0Notes & annotations0

Recently viewed

Explore by field

Cancer and Oncology182Genetics and Genomics170Neuroscience185Cardiovascular Medicine180Immunology142Pharmacology173Molecular Biology161Infectious Diseases150Rare and Inherited Diseases181Clinical Research173Anatomy and Physiology613Drugs and Chemicals621Psychiatry and Psychology185Public Health and Nutrition178Diagnostics and Medical Technology125Respiratory Medicine113Digestive System and Liver91Metabolism and Endocrine Disease177Bones, Joints, Muscles and Skin213Kidney, Urology and Women's Health173Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat55
Plans & pricingCompare EvidenceHelix workspace plans
Library›Open textbooks›Development and evaluation of strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour in stroke survivors and improve outcomes: the RECREATE research programme including pilot cRCT›References

Continue where you left off ()

Explore more with EvidenceHelix Workspace

Compare studies, analyze evidence and create research reports with premium tools.

Explore Researcher plans

Development and evaluation of strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour in stroke survivors and improve outcomes: the RECREATE research programme including pilot cRCT · References

References

CC BY 4.0 · National Institute for Health and Care Research · approximately 9 min read

  1. Rezende LFM, Rey-López JP, Matsudo VKR, Luiz OC. Sedentary behavior and health outcomes among older adults: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2014;14:1–9. 10.1186/1471-2458-14-33324383435
  2. Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Cerin E, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ, Owen N. Breaks in sedentary time: beneficial associations with metabolic risk. Diabetes Care 2008;31:661–6. 10.2337/dc07-204618252901
  3. Owen N, Healy GN, Matthews CE, Dunstan DW. Too much sitting: the population health science of sedentary behavior. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2010;38:105–13. 10.1097/JES.0b013e3181e373a220577058
  4. Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE, Bajaj RR, Silver MA, Mitchell MS, Alter DA. Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2015;162:123–32. 10.7326/M14-165125599350
  5. Dunstan DW, Howard B, Healy GN, Owen N. Too much sitting: a health hazard. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012;97:368–76. 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.05.02022682948
  6. Tremblay MS, Colley RC, Saunders TJ, Healy GN, Owen N. Physiological and health implications of a sedentary lifestyle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010;35:725–40. 10.1139/H10-07921164543
  7. Bames J, Behrens TK, Benden ME, Biddle S, Bond D, Brassard P, et al. Letter to the editor: standardized use of the terms ‘sedentary’ and ‘sedentary behaviours’. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012;37:540–2. 10.1139/h2012-02422540258
  8. Butler EN, Evenson KR. Prevalence of physical activity and sedentary behavior among stroke survivors in the United States. Top Stroke Rehabil 2014;21:246–55. 10.1310/tsr2103-24624985392
  9. English C, Healy GN, Coates A, Lewis L, Olds T, Bernhardt J. Sitting and activity time in people with stroke. Phys Ther 2016;96:193–201. 10.2522/ptj.2014052226112254
  10. Paul L, Brewster S, Wyke S, Gill JM, Alexander G, Dybus A, Rafferty D. Physical activity profiles and sedentary behaviour in people following stroke: a cross-sectional study. Disabil Rehabil 2016;38:362–7. 10.3109/09638288.2015.104161525936730
  11. Tieges Z, Mead G, Allerhand M, Duncan F, Van Wijck F, Fitzsimons C, et al. Sedentary behavior in the first year after stroke: a longitudinal cohort study with objective measures. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015;96:15–23. 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.08.01525220942
  12. English C, Manns PJ, Tucak C, Bernhardt J. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors in people with stroke living in the community: a systematic review. Phys Ther 2014;94:185–96. 10.2522/ptj.2013017524029302
  13. Galea SL, Lee MJ, English C, Ada L. Sedentary versus active behavior in people after stroke. Phys Ther Rev 2015;20:1–7. 10.1179/1743288X14Y.0000000161
  14. Sakamoto K, Nakamura T, Sajima Y, Miyake T, Yamanaka M, Tajima F. Physical activities and steps in daily living after stroke. J Wakayama Med Soc 2008;59:67–72.
  15. Rand D, Eng JJ, Tang PF, Jeng JS, Hung C. How active are people with stroke? Use of accelerometers to assess physical activity. Stroke 2009;40:163–8. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.52362118948606
  16. Billinger SA, Arena R, Bernhardt J, Eng JJ, Franklin BA, Johnson CM, et al.; American Heart Association Stroke Council. Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014;45:2532–53. 10.1161/STR.000000000000002224846875
  17. Manns PJ, Dunstan DW, Owen N, Healy GN. Addressing the nonexercise part of the activity continuum: a more realistic and achievable approach to activity programming for adults with mobility disability? Phys Ther 2012;92:614–25. 10.2522/ptj.2011028422156025
  18. World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour. 2020. URL: www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128 (accessed April 2025).
  19. Saunders DH, Mead GE, Fitzsimons C, Kelly P, van Wijck F, Verschuren O, et al. Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in people with stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021;6:CD012996. 10.1002/14651858.CD012996.pub2
  20. Mackie P, Weerasekara I, Crowfoot G, Janssen H, Holliday E, Dunstan D, English C. What is the effect of interrupting prolonged sitting with frequent bouts of physical activity or standing on first or recurrent stroke risk factors? A scoping review. PLOS ONE 2019;14:e0217981. 10.1371/journal.pone.021798131194799
  21. Rawlings G, Williams R, Clarke D, English C, Fitzsimons C, Holloway I, et al. Exploring adults’ experiences of sedentary behaviour and participation in non-workplace interventions designed to reduce sedentary behaviour: a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. BMC Public Health 2019;19:1099. 10.1186/s12889-019-7365-131409324
  22. Johansson JF, Lam N, Ozer S, Hall J, Morton S, English C, et al. Systematic review of process evaluations of interventions in trials investigating sedentary behaviour in adults. BMJ Open 2022;12:e053945. 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053945
  23. Michie S, Richardson M, Johnston M, Abraham C, Francis J, Hardeman W, et al. The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions. Ann Behav Med 2013;46:81–95. 10.1007/s12160-013-9486-623512568
  24. Gardner B, Smith L, Lorencatto F, Hamer M, Biddle SJ. How to reduce sitting time? A review of behaviour change strategies used in sedentary behaviour reduction interventions among adults. Health Psychol Rev 2016;10:89–112. 10.1080/17437199.2015.108214626315814
  25. Benatti FB, Ried-Larsen M. The effects of breaking up prolonged sitting time: a review of experimental studies. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015;47:2053–61. 10.1249/mss.000000000000065426378942
  26. Thomas J, Harden A. Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol 2008;8:45. 10.1186/1471-2288-8-4518616818
  27. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Methods for the Development of NICE Public Health Guidance. 3rd edn. 2012. URL: www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg4/chapter/15-appendix-h-quality-appraisal-checklist-qualitative-studies (accessed April 2025).
  28. Hall J, Morton S, Fitzsimons C, Mead G, Hall JF, Corepal R, et al. Sedentary behaviour in stroke survivors: a qualitative (observation and interview) study involving stroke survivors, caregivers and staff. Int J Stroke 2019;13:16. 10.1177/1747493018801108
  29. Michie S, Van Stralen MM, West R. The behaviour change wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implement Sci 2011;6:1–12. 10.1186/1748-5908-6-4221208425
  30. Ritchie J, Lewis J, McNaughton Nicholls C, Ormston R. Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. 2nd edn. London: SAGE Publications Ltd; 2013.
  31. Gale NK, Heath G, Cameron E, Rashid S, Redwood S. Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC Med Res Methodol 2013;13:1–8. 10.1186/1471-2288-13-11723297754
  32. Hoffmann TC, Glasziou PP, Boutron I, Milne R, Perera R, Moher D, et al. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ 2014;348:g1687. 10.1136/bmj.g168724609605
  33. Holden MK, Gill KM, Magliozzi MR. Gait assessment for neurologically impaired patients: standards for outcome assessment. Phys Ther 1986;66:1530–9. 10.1093/ptj/66.10.15303763704
  34. Tennant R, Hiller L, Fishwick R, Platt S, Joseph S, Weich S, et al. The Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation. Health Qual Outcomes 2007;5:1–13. 10.1186/1477-7525-5-63
  35. Nouri F, Lincoln N. An extended activities of daily living scale for stroke patients. Clin Rehabil 1987;1:301–5. 10.3109/09638289209166426
  36. Mead G, Lynch J, Greig C, Young A, Lewis S, Sharpe M. Evaluation of fatigue scales in stroke patients. Stroke 2007;38:2090–5. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.47894117525397
  37. Garin O, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Almansa J, Nieto M, Chatterji S, Vilagut G, et al.; the MHADIE Consortium. Validation of the ‘World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, WHODAS-2’ in patients with chronic diseases. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2010;8:1–15. 10.1186/1477-7525-8-5120053296
  38. Küçükdeveci AA, Kutlay S, Yıldızlar D, Öztuna D, Elhan AH, Tennant A. The reliability and validity of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-II) in stroke. Disabil Rehabil 2013;35:214–20. 10.3109/09638288.2012.69081722671861
  39. Hirve S, Juvekar S, Sambhudas S, Lele P, Blomstedt Y, Wall S, et al. Does self-rated health predict death in adults aged 50 years and above in India? Evidence from a rural population under health and demographic surveillance. Int J Epidemiol 2012;41:1719–27; author reply 1727. 10.1093/ije/dys16323175517
  40. Schlote A, Richter M, Wunderlich M, Poppendick U, Möller C, Schwelm K, et al. WHODAS II with people after stroke and their relatives. Disabil Rehabil 2009;31:855–64. 10.1080/0963828080235526219093276
  41. Üstün TB, Chatterji S, Kostanjsek N, Rehm J, Kennedy C, Epping-Jordan J, et al.; WHO/NIH Joint Project. Developing the World Health Organization disability assessment schedule 2.0. Bull World Health Organ 2010;88:815–23. 10.2471/BLT.09.06723121076562
  42. Gardiner PA, Eakin EG, Healy GN, Owen N. Feasibility of reducing older adults’ sedentary time. Am J Prev Med 2011;41:174–7. 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.03.02021767725
  43. Herdman M, Gudex C, Lloyd A, Janssen M, Kind P, Parkin D, et al. Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Qual Life Res 2011;20:1727–36. 10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x21479777
  44. Forster A, Dickerson J, Young J, Patel A, Kalra L, Nixon J, et al.; TRACS Trial Collaboration. A structured training programme for caregivers of inpatients after stroke (TRACS): a cluster randomised controlled trial and cost-effectiveness analysis. Lancet 2013;382:2069–76. 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61603-724054816
  45. Forster A, Ozer S, Crocker TF, House A, Hewison J, Roberts E, et al. Longer-term health and social care strategies for stroke survivors and their carers: the LoTS2Care research programme including cluster feasibility RCT. Programme Grants Appl Res 2021;9:1–268. 10.3310/pgfar09030
  46. Elmståhl S, Malmberg B, Annerstedt L. Caregiver’s burden of patients 3 years after stroke assessed by a novel caregiver burden scale. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996;77:177–82. 10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90164-18607743
  47. Taraldsen K, Askim T, Sletvold O, Einarsen EK, Grüner Bjåstad K, Indredavik B, Helbostad JL. Evaluation of a body-worn sensor system to measure physical activity in older people with impaired function. Phys Ther 2011;91:277–85. 10.2522/ptj.2010015921212377
  48. Ezeugwu VE, Manns PJ. The feasibility and longitudinal effects of a home-based sedentary behavior change intervention after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018;99:2540–7. 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.06.01429981314
  49. May CR, Johnson M, Finch T. Implementation, context and complexity. Implement Sci 2016;11:1–12. 10.1186/s13012-016-0506-326727969
  50. Yardley L. Person-Based Approach: Key Steps to Making and Using a Table of Changes. URL: https://personbasedapproach.org/table_of_changes.html (accessed April 2025).
  51. Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme (SSNAP). National Results: Clinical (Performance Tables). 2019. URL: www.strokeaudit.org/Documents/National/Clinical/OctDec2019/OctDec2019-PerformanceTables.aspx (accessed May 2025).
  52. Hayes RJ, Moulton LH. Cluster Randomised Trials. 2nd edn. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2017.
  53. Van Swieten J, Koudstaal P, Visser M, Schouten H, Van Gijn J. Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke 1988;19:604–7. 10.1161/01.str.19.5.6043363593
  54. Brott T, Adams HP Jr, Olinger CP, Marler JR, Barsan WG, Biller J, et al. Measurements of acute cerebral infarction: a clinical examination scale. Stroke 1989;20:864–70. 10.1161/01.str.20.7.8642749846
  55. Moore GF, Audrey S, Barker M, Bond L, Bonell C, Hardeman W, et al. Process evaluation of complex interventions: Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ 2015;350:h1258. 10.1136/bmj.h125825791983
  56. Montori VM, Guyatt GH. Intention-to-treat principle. CMAJ 2001;165:1339–41.11760981
  57. Forster A, Ozer S, Brindle R, Barnard L, Hardicre N, Crocker TF, et al.; LoTS2Care Programme Team. An intervention to support stroke survivors and their carers in the longer term: results of a cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial (LoTS2Care). Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023;9:40. 10.1186/s13063-018-2683-736922866
  58. Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU). Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2001. Kent: University of Kent; 2001. URL: www.pssru.ac.uk/pub/uc2001/Unit%20Costs%202001.pdf (accessed April 2025).
  59. Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU). Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2008. Kent: University of Kent; 2008. URL: www.pssru.ac.uk/pub/uc/uc2008/uc2008.pdf (accessed April 2025).
  60. Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU). Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2023. Kent: University of Kent; 2023. URL: https://kar.kent.ac.uk/105685/ (accessed April 2025).
  61. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Developing NICE Guidelines: The Manual. NICE Process and Methods. Reference Number: PMG20. 2014. URL: www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/incorporating-economic-evaluation (accessed April 2025).
  62. Ashizawa R, Honda H, Take K, Yoshizawa K, Kameyama Y, Yamashita S, et al. Post-discharge sedentary behavior and light-intensity physical activity-associated stroke recurrence in patients with minor ischemic stroke: a preliminary retrospective observational study. Physiother Res Int 2024;29:e2110. 10.1002/pri.211039010688
  63. Egorova-Brumley N, Khlif MS, Werden E, Johnson L, Brodtmann A. Weekend sedentary behaviour and cognition three months after stroke based on the exploratory analysis of the CANVAS study. Sci Rep 2025;15:9085. 10.1038/s41598-025-93149-440097532
  64. Liu S, Li J, Chen X, Jiang X, Tang R, Lv Y. Factors related to sedentary behavior in older adult stroke patients in China: a study based on decision tree and logistic regression model. Front Public Health 2024;12:1457151. 10.3389/fpubh.2024.145715139720807
  65. Hall J, Morton S, Hall J, Clarke DJ, Fitzsimons CF, English C, et al. A co-production approach guided by the behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention for reducing sedentary behaviour after stroke. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2020;6:1–13. 10.1186/s40814-020-00667-131921434
  66. Forster A, Young J, Chapman K, Nixon J, Patel A, Holloway I, et al. Cluster randomized controlled trial: clinical and cost-effectiveness of a system of longer-term stroke care. Stroke 2015;46:2212–9. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.00858526152298
  67. Sahely A, Giles D, Sintler C, Soundy A, Rosewilliam S. Self-management interventions to improve mobility after stroke: an integrative review. Disabil Rehabil 2023;45:9–26. 10.1080/09638288.2022.202801935068313
  68. Oliveira SG, Ribeiro JAM, Silva ESM, Uliam NR, Silveira AF, Araujo PN, et al. Interventions to change movement behaviors after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024;105:381–410. https://doi.org//10.1016/j.apmr.2023.07.01137541356
  69. Ashizawa R, Honda H, Take K, Yoshizawa K, Kameyama Y, Yoshimoto Y. Effects on sedentary behaviour of an approach to reduce sedentary behaviour in patients with minor ischaemic stroke: a randomised controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2023;37:545–56. 10.1177/0269215522113541236357967
  70. Saunders DH. Double trouble: an overlapping and unclear randomised controlled trial on sedentary behaviour. Clin Rehabil 2023;37:864–5. 10.1177/0269215522114782236560923
  71. Hendrickx W, Wondergem R, Veenhof C, English C, Visser-Meily JMA, Pisters MF. Improving movement behavior in people after stroke with the RISE intervention: a randomized multiple baseline study. J Clin Med 2024;13:4341. 10.3390/jcm1315434139124608
  72. Dall PM, Skelton DA, Dontje ML, Coulter EH, Stewart S, Cox SR, et al. Characteristics of a protocol to collect objective physical activity/sedentary behavior data in a large study: seniors USP (understanding sedentary patterns). J Meas Phys Behav 2018;1:26–31. 10.1123/jmpb.2017-000430159548
← SynopsisAdditional information →

Attribution. Anne Forster; Seline Ozer; Jessica Faye Johansson; Lauren Moreau; Jennifer Airlie; Anita Patel et al. (2026). Development and evaluation of strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour in stroke survivors and improve outcomes: the RECREATE research programme including pilot cRCT. National Institute for Health and Care Research. Copyright © 2026 Forster et al. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. NCBI Bookshelf NBK623876. CC BY 4.0. Original source ↗. Text reproduced from the Bookshelf XML without changing wording; figures, images and supplements are not reproduced.

In this chapter Contents

  • References

Source

OpenStax source file ↗

Source record ↗

EvidenceLib is a research-education resource, not medical advice. It does not diagnose, prescribe or recommend starting, stopping or changing any treatment. Talk to a qualified clinician about your own situation. Methods, sources and licences · Rights and removal requests · Legal · Support