CRediT contribution statement
Steve Goodacre (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0803-8444): Conceptualisation, Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Abdullah Pandor (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2552-5260): Conceptualisation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Praveen Thokala (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4122-2366): Conceptualisation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Sa Ren (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9040-249X): Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualisation, Writing – original draft, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Munira Essat (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2397-402X): Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Shijie Ren (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-7124): Conceptualisation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Mark Clowes (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5582-9946): Data curation, investigation, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Graham Cooper (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1950-0078): Conceptualisation, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Robert Hinchliffe (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-0800): Conceptualisation, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Matthew Reed (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-4824): Conceptualisation, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Steven Thomas (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5855-2842): Conceptualisation, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Sarah Wilson (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3964-0809): Conceptualisation, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Catherine Fowler (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6533-8043): Conceptualisation, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Valerie Lechene (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9818-9179): Conceptualisation, Writing – reviewing and editing.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Joanne Hinde for administration and project management support; all members of the Study Steering Group for their advice and support; and all members of the PPI group for their advice and support. The authors are grateful to Paolo Bima (University of Turin, Italy), Mamoru Toyofuku (Wakayama Medical Center, Japan), Rachel McLatchie (Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK) and Eduardo Bossone (University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Italy) for sharing their primary data on ADD-RS and D-dimer accuracy.
Data-sharing statement
All data requests should be submitted to the corresponding author for consideration. Access to anonymised data may be granted following review.
Ethics statement
No ethical approval was needed as all included data were from secondary published sources.
Information governance statement
The study was undertaken in accordance with University of Sheffield information governance procedures, General Data Protection Regulations (EU GDPR) 2016/679 and the Data Protection Act (2018). The study did not involve using sensitive data. Steve Goodacre is the data controller. Steve Goodacre Abdullah Pandor, Munira Essat and Sarah Ren were data processors.
Disclosure of interests
Full disclosure of interests: Completed ICMJE forms for all authors, including all related interests, are available in the toolkit on the NIHR Journals Library report publication page at https://doi.org/10.3310/GGOP6363.
Primary conflicts of interest: Steve Goodacre was member of HTA Board recruitment, HTA Remit and Competitiveness Group, HTA Prioritisation Committee B Methods Group, HTA Prioritisation Committee A Methods Group, HTA Post-Funding Committee teleconference, HTA Funding Committee Policy Group and HTA Commissioning Committee until 2020, and was chair of the NIHR HTA Clinical Trials Unit Standing Advisory Committee until 2023.
Abdullah Pandor is a member of the NIHR HTA Programme Funding Committee (General).
Matthew J Reed is supported by an NHS Research Scotland Career Researcher Clinician award.
Graham Cooper has received personal payment for expert testimony, support (airfare/accommodation) from Cleveland Clinic for attending a symposium meeting and is a Trustee of The Aortic Dissection Charitable Trust.
Catherine Fowler is a Trustee of The Aortic Dissection Charitable Trust.
All other authors declare no competing interests.
Department of Health and Social Care disclaimer
This publication presents independent research commissioned by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). The views and opinions expressed by authors in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NHS, the NIHR, MRC, NIHR Coordinating Centre, the Health Technology Assessment programme or the Department of Health and Social Care.
This synopsis was published based on current knowledge at the time and date of publication. NIHR is committed to being inclusive and will continually monitor best practice and guidance in relation to terminology and language to ensure that we remain relevant to our stakeholders.
Study registration
This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42022252121.
Funding
This synopsis presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme as award number NIHR151853.
Additional outputs
Goodacre S, Lechene V, Cooper G, Wilson S, Zhong J. Easily missed? Acute aortic syndrome. BMJ 2024;386:e080870. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-080870
About this synopsis
The contractual start date for this research was in January 2023. This synopsis began editorial review in January 2024 and was accepted for publication in April 2025. The authors have been wholly responsible for all data collection, analysis and interpretation, and for writing up their work. The Health Technology Assessment editors and publisher have tried to ensure the accuracy of the authors’ synopsis and would like to thank the reviewers for their constructive comments on the draft document. However, they do not accept liability for damages or losses arising from material published in this article.
Copyright
Copyright © 2025 Goodacre et al. This work was produced by Goodacre et al. under the terms of a commissioning contract issued by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. This is an Open Access publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. For attribution the title, original author(s), the publication source – NIHR Journals Library, and the DOI of the publication must be cited.
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