CRediT contribution statement
Heather O’Mahen (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-430X): Conceptualisation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision (overall, WP1, WP3), Visualisation, Writing – original draft (report chapters), Writing – editing and reviewing.
Louise Howard (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9942-744X): Conceptualisation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision (overall), Writing – editing and reviewing.
Helen Sharp (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-8718): Conceptualisation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision (WP2), Visualisation, Writing – original draft, Writing – editing and reviewing.
Antoinette Davey (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-6912): Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Visualisation, Writing – original draft (report chapters), Writing – editing and reviewing.
Louise Fisher (https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1294-7719): Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – original draft (journal articles), Writing – editing and reviewing.
Ipek Gurol-Urganci (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6517-3485): Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualisation, Writing – editing and reviewing.
Margaret Heslin (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3094-9255): Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualisation, Writing – original draft, Writing – editing and reviewing.
Julia Langham (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-7598): Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Visualisation, Writing – editing and reviewing.
Ebun Makinde (https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2169-7138): Writing – editing and reviewing.
Emma Tassie (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4220-3626): Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualisation, Writing – original draft (report chapters), Writing – editing and reviewing.
Silia Vitoratou (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-8167): Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualisation, Writing – editing and reviewing.
Jo Brook (https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7997-9468): Formal analysis, Writing – editing and reviewing.
Gina Collins (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2232-7464): Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – editing and reviewing.
Chris McCree (https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0318-417X): Formal analysis, Writing – editing and reviewing.
Dharmintra Pasupathy (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6722-1006): Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – editing and reviewing.
Andrew Pickles (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-0346): Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualisation, Writing – editing and reviewing.
Sarah Morgan-Trimmer (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5226-9595): Conceptualisation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – editing and reviewing.
Geoffrey Wong (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5384-4157): Conceptualisation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Visualisation, Writing – editing and reviewing.
Katie Atmore (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3012-4584): Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources.
Debra Bick (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-7276): Funding acquisition.
Laura Bozicevic (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8629-1723): Investigation.
Clare Dolman (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-1651): Conceptualisation, Investigation.
Jill Domoney (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8157-621X): Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources.
Jessica Gay (https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1357-9579): Investigation.
Chloe Hayes (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8528-8167): Investigation.
Jennifer Holly (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2492-1552): Formal analysis.
Miriam Refberg (https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9186-2330): Investigation.
Sarah Byford (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7084-1495): Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – editing and reviewing.
Jan van der Meulen (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9451-2335): Conceptualisation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision (WP4), Visualisation, Writing – original draft (report chapters), Writing – editing and reviewing.
Acknowledgements
The ESMI-II team would like to acknowledge all the women, significant sources of support and staff who were interviewed during this project, without their input these important findings would not be possible. We would also like to thank and acknowledge the interns and students who have worked on this project including Pavel Loginovic, Tatta Agatha, Benya Anivat, Isobel Broughton, Stephanie Welsford, Lucy Wright and Bradley Gilbert.
Patient data statement
This work uses data provided by patients and collected by the NHS as part of their care and support. Using patient data is vital to improve health and care for everyone. There is huge potential to make better use of information from people’s patient records, to understand more about disease, develop new treatments, monitor safety, and plan NHS services. Patient data should be kept safe and secure, to protect everyone’s privacy, and it’s important that there are safeguards to make sure that they are stored and used responsibly. Everyone should be able to find out about how patient data are used. #datasaveslives You can find out more about the background to this citation here: https://understandingpatientdata.org.uk/data-citation
Data-sharing statement
The data used in Chapters 6 and 7 have been provided by patients as part of their care and support. The data are collated, maintained and quality assured by NHS Digital, now part of NHS England. Requests for access to these data should be directed to the Data Access Request Service, which is part of NHS England (https://digital.nhs.uk/services/data-access-request-service-dars).
Ethics statement
The work conducted in Chapter 5 was reviewed by NHS ethics and received ethical approval by the Southwest – Central Bristol Research Ethics Committee (Reference: 19/SW/0218).
Information governance statement
Universities of Exeter, King’s College London and Liverpool are committed to handling all personal information in line with the UK Data Protection Act (2018) and the General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR) 2016/679. Universities of Exeter, King’s College London and Liverpool are the Data Processors; the Devon Partnership Trust is the Data Controller, and we process personal data in accordance with their instructions. You can find out more about how we handle personal data, including how to exercise your individual rights and the contact details for the University of Exeter Data Protection Officer: www.exeter.ac.uk/about/oursite/dataprotection/.
Disclosure of interests
Full disclosure of interests: Completed ICMJE forms for all authors, including all related interests, are available in the toolkit on the NIHR Journals Library report publication page at https://doi.org/10.3310/RRAP0011
Disclaimers
This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). The views and opinions expressed by authors in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NHS, the NIHR, the HSDR programme or the Department of Health and Social Care. If there are verbatim quotations included in this publication the views and opinions expressed by the interviewees are those of the interviewees and do not necessarily reflect those of the authors, those of the NHS, the NIHR, the HSDR programme or the Department of Health and Social Care.