Skip to content
EvidenceHelixEvidenceLib · Scientific Encyclopedia
⌘ K

Scientific library

EvidenceLib encyclopediaAll articles A–Z2,835Open textbooks209Open-access articles1,406Cancer study catalog458How it is made

My workspace this browser

Saved pages0Notes & annotations0

Recently viewed

Explore by field

Cancer and Oncology182Genetics and Genomics170Neuroscience185Cardiovascular Medicine180Immunology142Pharmacology173Molecular Biology161Infectious Diseases150Rare and Inherited Diseases181Clinical Research173Anatomy and Physiology613Drugs and Chemicals621Psychiatry and Psychology185Public Health and Nutrition178Diagnostics and Medical Technology125Respiratory Medicine113Digestive System and Liver91Metabolism and Endocrine Disease177Bones, Joints, Muscles and Skin213Kidney, Urology and Women's Health173Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat55
Plans & pricingCompare EvidenceHelix workspace plans
Library›Open textbooks›Standard threshold laser versus subthreshold micropulse laser for adults with diabetic macular oedema: the DIAMONDS non-inferiority RCT›References

Continue where you left off ()

Explore more with EvidenceHelix Workspace

Compare studies, analyze evidence and create research reports with premium tools.

Explore Researcher plans

Standard threshold laser versus subthreshold micropulse laser for adults with diabetic macular oedema: the DIAMONDS non-inferiority RCT · References

References

CC BY 4.0 · National Institute for Health and Care Research · approximately 9 min read

  1. Stitt AW, Curtis TM, Chen M, Medina RJ, McKay GJ, Jenkins A, et al. The progress in understanding and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016;51:156–86. 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.08.00126297071
  2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Ranibizumab for Treating Diabetic Macular Oedema. Technology Appraisal Guidance [ TA274 ]. London: NICE; 2013. URL: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta274 (accessed 7 January 2022).
  3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Aflibercept for Treating Diabetic Macular Oedema. Technology Appraisal Guidance [ TA346 ]. London: NICE; 2015. URL: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta346 (accessed 7 January 2022).
  4. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Faricimab for Treating Diabetic Macular Oedema. Technology Appraisal Guidance [TA799]. London: NICE; 2022. URL: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/TA799 (accessed 17 November 2022).
  5. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema: early treatment diabetic retinopathy report number 1. Arch Ophthalmol 1985;103:1796–806. 10.1001/archopht.1985.010501200300152866759
  6. Aiello LP, Edwards AR, Beck RW, Bressler NM, Davis MD, Ferris F, et al. Factors associated with improvement and worsening of visual acuity 2 years after focal/grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2010;117:946–53. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.10.00220122739
  7. Beck RW, Edwards AR, Aiello LP, Bressler NM, Ferris F, Glassman AR, et al. Three-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing focal/grid photocoagulation and intravitreal triamcinolone for diabetic macular edema. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:245–51. 10.1001/archophthalmol.2008.61019273785
  8. Wells JA, Glassman AR, Ayala AR, Jampol LM, Bressler NM, Bressler SB, et al. Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: two-year results from a comparative effectiveness randomized clinical trial. Ophthalmology 2016;123:1351–9. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.02.02226935357
  9. Lavinsky D, Cardillo JA, Melo LA, Dare A, Farah ME, Belfort R. Randomized clinical trial evaluating mETDRS versus normal or high-density micropulse photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:4314–23. 10.1167/iovs.10-682821345996
  10. Vujosevic S, Bottega E, Casciano M, Pilotto E, Convento E, Midena E. Microperimetry and fundus autofluorescence in diabetic macular edema: subthreshold micropulse diode laser versus modified early treatment diabetic retinopathy study laser photocoagulation. Retina 2010;30:908–16. 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181c9698620168272
  11. Figueira J, Khan J, Nunes S, Sivaprasad S, Rosa A, de Abreu JF, et al. Prospective randomised controlled trial comparing sub-threshold micropulse diode laser photocoagulation and conventional green laser for clinically significant diabetic macular oedema. Br J Ophthalmol 2009;93:1341–4. 10.1136/bjo.2008.14671219054831
  12. Venkatesh P, Ramanjulu R, Azad R, Vohra R, Garg S. Subthreshold micropulse diode laser and double frequency neodymium: YAG laser in treatment of diabetic macular edema: a prospective, randomized study using multifocal electroretinography. Photomed Laser Surg 2011;29:727–33. 10.1089/pho.2010.283021612513
  13. Kumar V, Ghosh B, Mehta DK, Goel N. Functional outcome of subthreshold versus threshold diode laser photocoagulation in diabetic macular oedema. Eye 2010;24:1459–65. 10.1038/eye.2010.5320431612
  14. Laursen ML, Moeller F, Sander B, Sjoelie AK. Subthreshold micropulse diode laser treatment in diabetic macular oedema. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:1173–9. 10.1136/bjo.2003.04094915317711
  15. Xie TY, Guo QQ, Wang Y, Wang Q, Chen XY. Randomized, controlled clinical trial comparison of SDM laser versus argon ion laser in diabetic macular edema. Int Eye Sci 2013;13:2370–2.
  16. Chen G, Tzekov R, Li W, Jiang F, Mao S, Tong Y. Subthreshold micropulse diode laser versus conventional laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Retina 2016;36:2059–65. 10.1097/IAE.000000000000105327096529
  17. Qiao G, Guo HK, Dai Y, Wang XL, Meng QL, Li H, et al. Sub-threshold micro-pulse diode laser treatment in diabetic macular edema: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Ophthalmol 2016;9:1020–7. 10.18240/ijo.2016.07.1527500112
  18. Wu Y, Ai P, Ai Z, Xu G. Subthreshold diode micropulse laser versus conventional laser photocoagulation monotherapy or combined with anti-VEGF therapy for diabetic macular edema: a bayesian network meta-analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018;97:293–9. 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.07829091878
  19. Jorge EC, Jorge EN, Botelho M, Farat JG, Virgili G, El Dib R. Monotherapy laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular oedema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;10:CD010859. 10.1002/14651858.CD010859.pub2
  20. Fazel F, Bagheri M, Golabchi K, Jahanbani Ardakani H. Comparison of subthreshold diode laser micropulse therapy versus conventional photocoagulation laser therapy as primary treatment of diabetic macular edema. J Curr Ophthalmol 2016;28:206–11. 10.1016/j.joco.2016.08.00727830205
  21. Luttrull JK, Sinclair SH. Safety of transfoveal subthreshold diode micropulse laser for fovea-involving diabetic macular edema in eyes with good visual acuity. Retina 2014;34:2010–20. 10.1097/IAE.000000000000017724837050
  22. Lois N, Gardner E, Waugh N, Azuara-Blanco A, Mistry H, McAuley D, et al. Diabetic macular oedema and diode subthreshold micropulse laser (DIAMONDS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2019;20:122. 10.1186/s13063-019-3199-530755274
  23. Costa ML, Achten J, Wagland S, Marian IR, Maredza M, Schlüssel MM, et al. Plaster cast versus functional bracing for Achilles tendon rupture: the UKSTAR RCT. Health Technol Assess 2020;24(8). 10.3310/hta24080
  24. Mosely J. Visual Function Endpoints: The Regulatory Perspective. London: European Medicines Agency; 2011. URL: www.ema.europa.eu/documents/presentation/presentation-day-1-visual-function-endpoints-regulatory-perspective_en.pdf (accessed 6 September 2022).
  25. Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1193–203. 10.1056/NEJMoa141426425692915
  26. Martin DF, Maguire MG, Ying GS, Grunwald JE, Fine SL, Jaffe GJ, CATT Research Group. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2011;364:1897–908. 10.1056/NEJMoa110267321526923
  27. The Royal College of Ophthalmologists. Diabetic Retinopathy Guidelines. URL: www.rcophth.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/2013-SCI-301-FINAL-DR-GUIDELINES-DEC-2012-updated-July-2013.pdf (accessed 7 January 2022).
  28. Nguyen QD, Brown DM, Marcus DM, Boyer DS, Patel S, Feiner L, et al. Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: results from 2 phase III randomized trials: RISE and RIDE. Ophthalmology 2012;119:789–801. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.12.03922330964
  29. Gillies MC, Sutter FK, Simpson JM, Larsson J, Ali H, Zhu M. Intravitreal triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema: two-year results of a double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Ophthalmology 2006;113:1533–8. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.02.06516828501
  30. Tranos PG, Topouzis F, Stangos NT, Dimitrakos S, Economidis P, Harris M, Coleman AL. Effect of laser photocoagulation treatment for diabetic macular oedema on patient’s vision-related quality of life. Curr Eye Res 2004;29:41–9. 10.1080/0271368049051319115370366
  31. Fiore T, Androudi S, Iaccheri B, Lupidi M, Giansanti F, Fabrizio G, et al. Repeatability and reproducibility of retinal thickness measurements in diabetic patients with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Curr Eye Res 2013;38:674–9. 10.3109/02713683.2013.78119123520977
  32. Lloyd AJ, Loftus J, Turner M, Lai G, Pleil A. Psychometric validation of the Visual Function Questionnaire-25 in patients with diabetic macular edema. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2013;11:10. 10.1186/1477-7525-11-1023347793
  33. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Guide to the Methods of Technology Appraisal 2013. Process and Methods [ PMG9 ]. London: NICE; 2013. URL: www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg9 (accessed 6 September 2022).
  34. Curtis L, Burns A. Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2020. Canterbury: PSSRU, University of Kent; 2020.
  35. Department of Health and Social Care. NHS Reference Costs 2018 to 2019. URL: https://improvement.nhs.uk/resources/reference-costs/ (accessed 21 May 2018).
  36. Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary. 80th ed. London: BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press; 2022.
  37. Glick HA, Doshi JA, Sonnad SS. Economic Evaluation in Clinical Trials. Oxford: Oxford University Press Oxford; 2014. 10.1093/med/9780199685028.001.0001
  38. van Hout B, Janssen MF, Feng YS, Kohlmann T, Busschbach J, Golicki D, et al. Interim scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: mapping the EQ-5D-5L to EQ-5D-3L value sets. Value Health 2012;15:708–15. 10.1016/j.jval.2012.02.00822867780
  39. Mangione CM, Lee PP, Gutierrez PR, Spritzer K, Berry S, Hays RD, National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire Field Test Investigators. Development of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1050–8. 10.1001/archopht.119.7.105011448327
  40. Misajon R, Hawthorne G, Richardson J, Barton J, Peacock S, Iezzi A, Keeffe J. Vision and quality of life: the development of a utility measure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:4007–15. 10.1167/iovs.04-138916249474
  41. Peacock S, Misajon R, Iezzi A, Richardson J, Hawthorne G, Keeffe J. Vision and quality of life: development of methods for the VisQoL vision-related utility instrument. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2008;15:218–23. 10.1080/0928658080197941718780254
  42. Morris TP, White IR, Royston P. Tuning multiple imputation by predictive mean matching and local residual draws. BMC Med Res Methodol 2014;14:75. 10.1186/1471-2288-14-7524903709
  43. Little RJ, Rubin DB. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. 3rd edn. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2019 10.1002/9781119482260
  44. York Health Economics Consortium. Net Monetary Benefit. 2016. URL: https://yhec.co.uk/glossary/net-monetary-benefit/ (accessed 7 January 2022).
  45. Piaggio G, Elbourne DR, Pocock SJ, Evans SJ, Altman DG, CONSORT Group. Reporting of noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials: extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement. JAMA 2012;308:2594–604. 10.1001/jama.2012.8780223268518
  46. Le Henanff A, Giraudeau B, Baron G, Ravaud P. Quality of reporting of noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials. JAMA 2006;295:1147–51. 10.1001/jama.295.10.114716522835
  47. Lois N, Cook JA, Wang A, Aldington S, Mistry H, Maredza M, et al. Evaluation of a new model of care for people with complications of diabetic retinopathy: the EMERALD study. Ophthalmology 2021;128:561–73. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.10.03033130144
  48. DiaSys. HbA1c Calculator. URL: www.hba1cnet.com/hba1c-calculator/ (accessed 19 September 2022).
  49. Ford I, Norrie J. Pragmatic trials. N Engl J Med 2016;375:454–63. 10.1056/NEJMra151005927518663
  50. Loudon K, Treweek S, Sullivan F, Donnan P, Thorpe KE, Zwarenstein M. The PRECIS-2 tool: designing trials that are fit for purpose. BMJ 2015;350:h2147. 10.1136/bmj.h214725956159
  51. Scholz P, Altay L, Fauser S. A review of subthreshold micropulse laser for treatment of macular disorders. Adv Ther 2017;34:1528–55. 10.1007/s12325-017-0559-y28540655
  52. Blindbæk SL, Peto T, Grauslund J. How do we evaluate the role of focal/grid photocoagulation in the treatment of diabetic macular edema? Acta Ophthalmol 2019;97:339–46. 10.1111/aos.1399730575304
  53. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Study Quality Assessment Tools. URL: www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools (accessed 7 January 2022).
  54. Casson RJ, Raymond G, Newland HS, Gilhotra JS, Gray TL. Pilot randomized trial of a nanopulse retinal laser versus conventional photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012;40:604–10. 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02756.x22300292
  55. Cooper OAE, Taylor DJ, Crabb DP, Sim DA, McBain H. Psychological, social and everyday visual impact of diabetic macular oedema and diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review. Diabet Med 2020;37:924–33. 10.1111/dme.1412531479552
  56. Vujosevic S, Martini F, Longhin E, Convento E, Cavarzeran F, Midena E. Subthreshold micropulse yellow laser versus subthreshold micropulse infrared laser in center-involving diabetic macular edema: morphologic and functional safety. Retina 2015;35:1594–603. 10.1097/IAE.000000000000052125719988
  57. Mansouri A, Sampat KM, Malik KJ, Steiner JN, Glaser BM, Medscape. Efficacy of subthreshold micropulse laser in the treatment of diabetic macular edema is influenced by pre-treatment central foveal thickness. Eye 2014;28:1418–24. 10.1038/eye.2014.26425359290
  58. Kim M, Park YG, Jeon SH, Choi SY, Roh YJ. The efficacy of selective retina therapy for diabetic macular edema based on pretreatment central foveal thickness. Lasers Med Sci 2020;35:1781–90. 10.1007/s10103-020-02984-632095921
  59. Citirik M. The impact of central foveal thickness on the efficacy of subthreshold micropulse yellow laser photocoagulation in diabetic macular edema. Lasers Med Sci 2019;34:907–12. 10.1007/s10103-018-2672-930368640
  60. Chhablani J, Alshareef R, Kim DT, Narayanan R, Goud A, Mathai A. Comparison of different settings for yellow subthreshold laser treatment in diabetic macular edema. BMC Ophthalmol 2018;18:168. 10.1186/s12886-018-0841-z29996798
  61. Schmidt-Erfurth U, Garcia-Arumi J, Bandello F, Berg K, Chakravarthy U, Gerendas BS, et al. Guidelines for the management of diabetic macular edema by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA). Ophthalmologica 2017;237:185–222. 10.1159/00045853928423385
  62. Bakri SJ, Wolfe JD, Regillo CD, Flynn HW Jr, Wykoff CC. Evidence-based guidelines for management of diabetic macular edema. J VitreoRetin Dis 2019;3:145–52. 10.1177/2474126419834711
  63. Lai FHP, Chan RPS, Lai ACH, Tsang S, Woo TTY, Lam RF, Yuen CYF. Comparison of two-year treatment outcomes between subthreshold micropulse (577 nm) laser and aflibercept for diabetic macular edema. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2021;65:680–8. 10.1007/s10384-021-00846-434125326
  64. Baker CW, Glassman AR, Beaulieu WT, Antoszyk AN, Browning DJ, Chalam KV, et al. Effect of initial management with aflibercept vs laser photocoagulation vs observation on vision loss among patients with diabetic macular edema involving the center of the macula and good visual acuity: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2019;321:1880–94. 10.1001/jama.2019.579031037289
  65. Wells-Gray EM, Doble N, Ohr MP, Choi SS. Structural integrity of individual cone photoreceptors after short-wavelength subthreshold micropulse laser therapy for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2018;49:946–54. 10.3928/23258160-20181203-0730566702
  66. Gallagher MJ. Introduction of a nurse-led intravitreal injection service in ophthalmology. Br J Nurs 2017;26:800–3. 10.12968/bjon.2017.26.14.80028745964
  67. Lois N, Cook J, Aldington S, Waugh N, Mistry H, Sones W, et al. Effectiveness of Multimodal imaging for the Evaluation of Retinal oedema And new vesseLs in Diabetic retinopathy (EMERALD). BMJ Open 2019;9:e027795. 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027795
  68. Lois N, Cook J, Wang A, Aldington S, Mistry H, Maredza M, et al. Multimodal imaging interpreted by graders to detect re-activation of diabetic eye disease in previously treated patients: the EMERALD diagnostic accuracy study. Health Technol Assess 2021;25(32). 10.3310/hta25320
  69. Maredza M, Mistry H, Lois N, Aldington S, Waugh N, EMERALD Study Group. Surveillance of people with previously successfully treated diabetic macular oedema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy by trained ophthalmic graders: cost analysis from the EMERALD study. Br J Ophthalmol 2021;106:1549–54. 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-31881634083209
  70. World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA 2013;310:2191–4. 10.1001/jama.2013.28105324141714
  71. Curtis L, Burns A. Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2019. Canterbury: PSSRU, University of Kent; 2019.
  72. NHS England. 2019/20 National Cost Collection Data Publication. URL: www.england.nhs.uk/publication/2019-20-national-cost-collection-data-publication/ (accessed 22 November 2022).
← DiscussionAcknowledgements →

Attribution. Noemi Lois; Christina Campbell; Norman Waugh; Augusto Azuara-Blanco; Mandy Maredza; Hema Mistry et al. (2022). Standard threshold laser versus subthreshold micropulse laser for adults with diabetic macular oedema: the DIAMONDS non-inferiority RCT. National Institute for Health and Care Research. Copyright © 2022 Lois et al. This work was produced by Lois et al. under the terms of a commissioning contract issued by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. This is an Open Access publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaption in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. For attribution the title, original author(s), the publication source – NIHR Journals Library, and the DOI of the publication must be cited. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. NCBI Bookshelf NBK587955. CC BY 4.0. Original source ↗. Text reproduced from the Bookshelf XML without changing wording; figures, images and supplements are not reproduced.

In this chapter Contents

  • References

Source

OpenStax source file ↗

Source record ↗

EvidenceLib is a research-education resource, not medical advice. It does not diagnose, prescribe or recommend starting, stopping or changing any treatment. Talk to a qualified clinician about your own situation. Methods, sources and licences · Rights and removal requests · Legal · Support