Definition and research guide
This page combines a MeSH definition, publication statistics and selected research abstracts. It is a starting point for reading the literature, not a medical textbook or a systematic evidence review.
Content available: 3 complete abstracts (707 words), 9 references. Full article text is not stored or reproduced here; follow the PMID, DOI or PMC links to read the original sources and their access terms.
Definition
Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.
Definition: NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) scope note (Public domain (U.S. National Library of Medicine); attribution requested). View the MeSH record.
Also known as: Stent.
Where it fits in the MeSH classification
- Broader topics
- Prostheses and Implants
- Narrower topics
- Drug-Eluting Stents; Self Expandable Metallic Stents
Research landscape
PubMed indexes 99,075 records tagged with the MeSH heading “Stents” (counts retrieved 2026-11-04). 21,760 of them (22.0%) were published from 2020 onward, and the busiest period so far is 2010-2019 with 41,396 records.
Reviews account for 13,635 records (13.8%) and meta-analyses for 2,401. Randomized controlled trials number 4,759 (4.8%) as a share of all records on the topic.
Show the data
| Period | Records |
|---|---|
| through 1999 | 7,796 |
| 2000-2009 | 28,123 |
| 2010-2019 | 41,396 |
| 2020 onward | 21,760 |
Publication-type chart data
| Type | Records | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Reviews | 13,635 | 13.8% |
| Meta-analyses | 2,401 | 2.4% |
| Randomized controlled trials | 4,759 | 4.8% |
Method: PubMed query "Stents"[MeSH Terms] with publication-type and date filters, retrieved 2026-11-04.
Reading the evidence in diagnostics and medical technology
A test or device is judged by how well it detects a condition, how often it gives false alarms or misses cases, and whether using it improves outcomes for people. Accuracy depends on who is tested and how common the condition is, so a test that performs well in a specialist hospital can perform differently in the community. Check the reference standard, the population studied, the sensitivity and specificity and whether results were confirmed in a separate group.
Evidence from open-access studies
These open-access studies come from PubMed’s best-match results for this heading (papers whose main topic it is), ranked here by citation count, with one recent addition. Each abstract is reproduced in full under its recorded open licence so that you can read the authors’ own words. They illustrate the literature; they are not a systematic summary of it. Citation counts measure attention, not reliability or clinical benefit.
| Study / authors | Year | Source label / design | Europe PMC citations | Licence / source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes of endovascular aortic arch repair with an off-the-shelf modular inner branched stent-graft: an IDEAL 2a prospective multicentre trial | 2025 | Research article Design not recorded in structured metadata | 2 | cc by PMID 41511869 · DOI · PMC12785883 |
| Computational fluid dynamics evaluation of physician-modified stent graft repair for distal residual stanford type B aortic dissection | 2026 | Research article Design not recorded in structured metadata | 1 | cc by PMID 42399855 · DOI · PMC13602504 |
| Impact of DJ stenting on subacute renal recovery after flexible ureterorenoscopy | 2026 | Research article Design not recorded in structured metadata | 1 | cc by PMID 42334580 · DOI · PMC13290783 |
Outcomes of endovascular aortic arch repair with an off-the-shelf modular inner branched stent-graft: an IDEAL 2a prospective multicentre trial [1]
Abstract reading summary — source excerpts
- Opening excerpt
- BackgroundAortic arch pathologies are complex to treat.
- Closing excerpt
- Long-term comparative effectiveness studies are required to establish whether it is superior to alternative interventions.
- Interpretation limits
- Verbatim excerpts from the authors’ abstract; the closing excerpt may describe a finding, limitation or recommendation. Design, population, effect size and uncertainty have not been independently extracted or appraised. Read the complete abstract and linked paper before interpreting the findings.
Read complete abstract (255 words)
BackgroundAortic arch pathologies are complex to treat. Alternatives include open surgery, hybrid surgery (endovascular aortic stent-grafting and open surgical debranching procedures) and total endovascular solutions with branched stent-grafts. Branched stent-grafts are the mainstream approach for endovascular repair, but they are primarily available only as dedicated custom-made devices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a non-customized modular aortic arch stent-graft.MethodThis trial was led by the Chinese PLA General Hospital and 16 additional aortic centres in China. All included patients were treated with a non-customized modular inner branched stent-graft (Endonom Medtech, Hangzhou, China). The study endpoints were 30-day death and stroke, technical success, clinical success, early and late complications, reintervention, and death during follow-up. Follow-up via clinical examination and CT angiography scan were scheduled post surgery at 1, 6, and 12 months, and annually thereafter.ResultsFrom June 2021 to December 2024, a total of 88 patients were enrolled in this study. Technical success rate was 100%. The mean follow-up was 28.6 ± 11.7 months. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 3%, and the 30-day stroke rate was 9%. Overall survival was 91% ± 3%, 86% ± 4%, and 81% ± 4% at 12, 24, and 36 months respectively. A total of 10 patients developed endoleaks, none of which required reintervention.ConclusionModular branched stent-graft repair for aortic arch disease is feasible and with comparative rates of safety with custom made branched endovascular stent-grafts, hybrid techniques and open surgery. Long-term comparative effectiveness studies are required to establish whether it is superior to alternative interventions.
Abstract reproduced from the open-access article under the recorded cc by licence; © the authors. PMID 41511869 · DOI · PMC12785883
Computational fluid dynamics evaluation of physician-modified stent graft repair for distal residual stanford type B aortic dissection [2]
Abstract reading summary — source excerpts
- Opening excerpt
- BackgroundFew studies have focused on physician-modified stent grafts (PMEGs) for treating distal residual dissection in type B aortic dissection (TBAD).
- Closing excerpt
- However, long-term follow-up of the increase in TAWSS is still required.
- Interpretation limits
- Verbatim excerpts from the authors’ abstract; the closing excerpt may describe a finding, limitation or recommendation. Design, population, effect size and uncertainty have not been independently extracted or appraised. Read the complete abstract and linked paper before interpreting the findings.
Read complete abstract (206 words)
BackgroundFew studies have focused on physician-modified stent grafts (PMEGs) for treating distal residual dissection in type B aortic dissection (TBAD). This study aimed to assess the usage of PMEGs in the treatment of distal residual dissection of TBAD by analyzing the relevant hemodynamical indicators.MethodsPatients with TBAD underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair surgery in the first stage, and in the second stage PMEGs were used to repair the residual dissection. Computational fluid dynamics and three-dimensional structural analyses were performed, based on computed tomography angiography datasets. The prognostic post-implantation improvement was studied using both quantitative and qualitative functional analysis.ResultsA total of 30 patients with TBAD were enrolled. Following the PMEGs procedure, peak systolic pressure in all aortic segments trended downward without statistical significance. Overall time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) increased significantly (P = 0.007), especially in the S2 segment (P = 0.005), while overall oscillatory shear index decreased significantly (P = 0.010). Superior mesenteric artery blood flow was significantly higher postoperatively (P = 0.005), with no significant differences in other visceral branches. At 1‑year follow-up, false lumen volume was markedly reduced (P ConclusionsThe PMEGs technique effectively ameliorates hemodynamic parameters in patients with residual distal dissection following TBAD. However, long-term follow-up of the increase in TAWSS is still required.
Abstract reproduced from the open-access article under the recorded cc by licence; © the authors. PMID 42399855 · DOI · PMC13602504
Impact of DJ stenting on subacute renal recovery after flexible ureterorenoscopy [3]
Abstract reading summary — source excerpts
- Opening excerpt
- BackgroundRoutine ureteral stenting after flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) remains controversial.
- Closing excerpt
- Urinary KIM-1 serves as a valuable objective tool for monitoring subclinical renal injury and may guide individualized stenting decisions.
- Interpretation limits
- Verbatim excerpts from the authors’ abstract; the closing excerpt may describe a finding, limitation or recommendation. Design, population, effect size and uncertainty have not been independently extracted or appraised. Read the complete abstract and linked paper before interpreting the findings.
Read complete abstract (246 words)
BackgroundRoutine ureteral stenting after flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) remains controversial. While stents are used to secure drainage, their impact on subclinical renal tubular injury is not well defined. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of postoperative Double-J (DJ) stenting on acute and subacute renal injury using urinary Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) as a sensitive biomarker.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database including 117 patients who underwent F-URS for renal stones. To minimize selection bias, patients with severe ureteral injury (PULS Grade ≥ 3) were excluded, and a ureteral access sheath (UAS) was utilized in all cases to standardize intrarenal pressure. Patients were stratified into two groups according to the postoperative drainage strategy: Group 1 (DJ stent) and Group 2 (no stent). Urinary KIM-1 levels normalized to creatinine (KIM-1/Cr) were measured preoperatively, at the postoperative 4th hour (acute phase), and on day 14 (subacute phase).ResultsDemographic characteristics and operative trauma scores (PULS) were comparable between the groups. In the acute phase (4th hour), both groups exhibited a significant and similar rise in KIM-1/Cr levels compared to baseline (p ConclusionDJ stent placement does not alter the acute biomarker surge associated with surgical stress but is associated with significantly lower KIM-1/Cr levels during the subacute recovery period. This finding suggests that improved drainage, together with more effective stone clearance, may contribute to better tubular recovery in stented patients. Urinary KIM-1 serves as a valuable objective tool for monitoring subclinical renal injury and may guide individualized stenting decisions.
Abstract reproduced from the open-access article under the recorded cc by licence; © the authors. PMID 42334580 · DOI · PMC13290783
Key reviews and meta-analyses
The most cited review-type papers among PubMed’s best-match results for this heading, listed with bibliographic details only. Follow the links for the full text and access terms.
- Research article Intravascular imaging-guided coronary drug-eluting stent implantation: an updated network meta-analysis [4]
- Research article Percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass grafting in left main coronary artery disease: an individual patient data meta-analysis [5]
- Research article Short dual antiplatelet therapy followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy vs. prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with second-generation drug-eluting stents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials [6]
- Research article Prognostic Implications of Fractional Flow Reserve After Coronary Stenting: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [7]
- Research article Long-term follow-up after ultrathin vs. conventional 2nd-generation drug-eluting stents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [8]
- Research article Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intravenous fluids, pancreatic stents, or their combinations for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis [9]
Full-text reviews on EvidenceLib
Open-access review articles about this topic, reproduced in full with authors, licence and references.
Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance of In-Stent Restenosis in Patients with Diabetes
Grzegorz K. Jakubiak, Natalia Pawlas, Grzegorz Cieślar et al. · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021 · CC BY 4.0
References
- Guo W, Rong D, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhuang H, Peng H, et al.. Outcomes of endovascular aortic arch repair with an off-the-shelf modular inner branched stent-graft: an IDEAL 2a prospective multicentre trial. . 2025. PMID 41511869 · DOI · PMC12785883
- Liu W, Cui C. Computational fluid dynamics evaluation of physician-modified stent graft repair for distal residual stanford type B aortic dissection. . 2026. PMID 42399855 · DOI · PMC13602504
- Ecer G, Soytürk S, Erol E, Altunhan A, Alalam HNI, Güven S, et al.. Impact of DJ stenting on subacute renal recovery after flexible ureterorenoscopy. . 2026. PMID 42334580 · DOI · PMC13290783
- Stone GW, Christiansen EH, Ali ZA, Andreasen LN, Maehara A, Ahmad Y, et al.. Intravascular imaging-guided coronary drug-eluting stent implantation: an updated network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2024. PMID 38401549 · DOI
- Sabatine MS, Bergmark BA, Murphy SA, O'Gara PT, Smith PK, Serruys PW, et al.. Percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass grafting in left main coronary artery disease: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2021. PMID 34793745 · DOI
- Giacoppo D, Matsuda Y, Fovino LN, D'Amico G, Gargiulo G, Byrne RA, et al.. Short dual antiplatelet therapy followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy vs. prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with second-generation drug-eluting stents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur Heart J. 2021. PMID 33284979 · DOI
- Hwang D, Koo BK, Zhang J, Park J, Yang S, Kim M, et al.. Prognostic Implications of Fractional Flow Reserve After Coronary Stenting: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2022. PMID 36136329 · DOI · PMC9500557
- Madhavan MV, Howard JP, Naqvi A, Ben-Yehuda O, Redfors B, Prasad M, et al.. Long-term follow-up after ultrathin vs. conventional 2nd-generation drug-eluting stents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Heart J. 2021. PMID 34002202 · DOI · PMC8282325
- Akshintala VS, Sperna Weiland CJ, Bhullar FA, Kamal A, Kanthasamy K, Kuo A, et al.. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intravenous fluids, pancreatic stents, or their combinations for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021. PMID 34214449 · DOI
About this article
- Sources
- NLM Medical Subject Headings (definition, synonyms); NCBI PubMed (counts, identifiers); Europe PMC (open-access abstracts and citation counts).
- Verification
- Every reference was resolved against PubMed on 2026-11-04; title, year and DOI matched.
- Review state
- automated source verified; no human expert review has been recorded yet.
- Version
- 1, last updated 2026-11-04.
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Evidence strength
EvidenceHelix's computed view of the study designs behind this topic: how common meta-analyses, randomized trials and reviews are, how recent the literature is, and a plain-language reading. It describes the design mix of the literature. It is not a quality appraisal of any study, and it is not medical advice.