Contributors to the study
Project management team
- Professor Jackie Bridges.
- Professor Peter Griffiths.
- Dr Ruth M Pickering.
- Professor Avan Aihie Sayer.
- Professor Alison Fuller.
- Dr Lily Yao.
- Dr Greta Westwood.
- Mrs Rosemary Chable.
- Ms Emma Munro.
- Professor James Raftery.
Research team
- Ms Ines Mesa-Eguiagaray.
- Dr Lisa Gould.
- Ms Hannah Barker.
- Ms Paula Libberton.
- Dr Wendy Wigley.
- Dr Shihua Zhu.
- Dr Christopher McLean.
- Ms Lisa Shipway.
Systematic review team
- Dr Karin Blomberg, Örebro University.
- Professor Jackie Bridges, University of Southampton.
- Professor Peter Griffiths, University of Southampton.
- Professor Carl May, University of Southampton.
- Professor Yvonne Wengström, Karolinska Institutet.
Other Quality of Interactions Schedule observers/questionnaire administrators
- Emily Oliver.
- Chloe Dyer.
- Naomi Gallant.
- Robyn Gentle.
- Ruth Lutz Tracey.
- Lyndsey Rickman.
- Annabel Rule.
- Iola Williams.
Research nurses/clinical trials assistants
- Sheba Babu.
- Rebecca Butler.
- Sharon Caute.
- Robyn Creeden.
- Kerry Dodsworth.
- Catherine Edwards.
- Shuna Egerton.
- Imogen Gartrell.
- Robyn Gentle.
- Beth Giddens.
- Elizabeth Hawes.
- Gabriella Howard.
- Karen Hudson.
- Carol Martin.
- Johanna Mouland.
- Fiona Smith.
- Anne Suttling.
- Stacey Valentine.
Creating Learning Environments for Compassionate Care implementation, site set-up
- Tracey Aldin.
- Vivien Alexander.
- Carol Burrows.
- Nicola Cook.
- Geraldine Davies.
- Linda Field.
- Gill Gould.
- Alison Grant.
- Abby Hughes.
- Claire James.
- Tracy Mahon.
- Helen Neary.
- Pat Spacagna.
- Katie Prichard Thomas.
- Beverley Vaughan.
- Frances Watts.
- Beth Wedge.
- Cari Winter.
Quality Interaction Tool development
- Dr Rudi Lutz (software developer).
- Mr Martin Chivers.
- Mr David Pepper.
Qualitative interview transcription
- Diana Gillen-Buchert.
- Sharon McKechnie.
Study steering committee
- Professor Jill Maben, King’s College London (chairperson).
- Mrs Janet Gollop, study PPI Reference Group.
- Mrs Brenda Hadfield, study PPI Reference Group.
- Dr Jennifer Wilkinson, Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit.
- Dr Caroline Nicholson, King’s College London.
- Dr Sarah Goldberg, University of Nottingham.
Study advisory group
- Dr Mary Flatley, St Joseph’s Hospice.
- Ms Bev Fitzsimons, Point of Care Foundation.
- Ms Lesley Carter, Age UK.
- Ms Sarah Balchin, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust.
- Professor Carl May, University of Southampton.
Patient and public involvement reference group
- Janet Gollop.
- Mary Carnegie.
- Benita Wilkinson.
- Pam Holloway.
- Debra Ridley.
- Brenda Hadfield
Administrator
- Sue Warren.
Contributions of authors
Jackie Bridges (Professor of Older People’s Care) was chief investigator, leading the design and implementation of the study, the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, and the preparation and writing up of results.
Ruth M Pickering (Associate Professor of Medical Statistics) contributed to study design and oversaw the analysis of quantitative data and the presentation of quantitative results.
Hannah Barker (Senior Research Assistant, Ageing and Dementia) gathered qualitative and quantitative data, trained other research team members, prepared the quantitative data for analysis and contributed to analysis of qualitative data.
Rosemary Chable (Associate Director of Nursing) was based at a participating NHS site and oversaw intervention implementation and staff participation in the study.
Alison Fuller (Professor of Vocational Education and Work) contributed to the study design, the intervention implementation and the qualitative data analysis.
Lisa Gould (Research Fellow, Ageing and Dementia) managed the study day to day, gathered qualitative and quantitative data, trained other research team members, contributed to the analysis of qualitative data and helped to prepare the results for publication.
Paula Libberton (Senior Research Assistant, Ageing and Dementia) gathered qualitative interview and observation data as well as patient questionnaire data, contributed to the analysis of qualitative data and helped to prepare the results for publication.
Ines Mesa-Eguiagaray (Medical Statistician) conducted the analysis of quantitative data and the presentation of the quantitative results.
James Raftery (Professor of Health Technology Assessment) conducted the economic evaluation and helped to prepare the results for publication.
Avan Aihie Sayer (Professor of Geriatric Medicine) contributed to the study design and to leading the acquisition and analysis of the data.
Greta Westwood (Head of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professional Research) was principal investigator at a participating NHS site, overseeing study management, intervention implementation, recruitment and data collection.
Wendy Wigley (Principal Teaching Fellow, Research Associate, Complex Care) gathered qualitative interview and patient questionnaire data and contributed to the analysis of qualitative data.
Guiqing Yao (Associate Professor, Health Economics) contributed to study design, oversaw the economic evaluation and helped to prepare the results for publication.
Shihua Zhu (Senior Research Fellow, Health Economics) analysed the quantitative data for the economic evaluation.
Peter Griffiths (Professor of Health Services Research) was deputy chief investigator, contributed to the study design, and supported Jackie Bridges in leading the implementation of the study, the analysis and interpretation of data, and preparing the results for publication.
All co-authors contributed to drafting the final report and/or revising it critically for important intellectual content. All approved the final version of the submitted report.
The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the staff, patients and visitors for their participation in this study, and to all the individuals listed below as contributors to the study.
Associated publications and presentations
Barker H, Griffiths P, Gould L, Mesa-Eguiagaray I, Pickering R, Bridges J. Quantity and quality of interaction between staff and older patients in UK hospital wards: a descriptive study. Int J Nurs Stud 2016;62:100–7.
Barker H, Griffiths P, Mesa-Eguiagaray I, Gould L, Bridges J. Quantity and Quality of Interaction Between Staff and Older Patients in UK Hospital Wards: A Descriptive Study. Paper presented at the Royal College of Nursing International Research Conference, Edinburgh, UK, 7 April 2016.
Blomberg K, Griffiths P, Wengstrom Y, May CR, Bridges J. Interventions for compassionate nursing care: a systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2016;62:137–55.
Bridges J, May CR, Griffiths P, Fuller A, Wigley W, Gould L, et al. Optimising impact and sustainability: a qualitative process evaluation of a complex intervention targeted at compassionate care. BMJ Qual Saf 2017;26:970–7. http://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/early/2017/09/15/bmjqs-2017-006702.full
Bridges J. Creating Learning Environments for Compassionate Care (CLECC): Developing and Evaluating the Feasibility of a Complex Intervention. Paper presented at the International Learning Collaborative on Fundamentals of Care, Oxford, UK, 13 June 2016.
Bridges J. Culture of Care: Innovation in Practice. Paper presented at the Older Person’s Nurse Fellowship Conference, London, UK, 14 June 2016.
Bridges J. How Clinical Academic, Research Nurses and Ward Nurses Contributed to Make the CLECC Study Work. Paper presented at It’s okay to ask about . . . research nursing, Southampton, UK, 20 May 2016.
Bridges J. Intervention Studies in Relational Care in Acute Settings: Content, Context, and Consequences. Symposium presented at the Royal College of Nursing International Research Conference, Edinburgh, UK, 7 April 2016.
Bridges J, Fuller A. Creating Learning Environments for Compassionate Care (CLECC): a programme to promote compassionate care by health and social care teams. Int J Older People Nurs 2015;10:48–58.
Bridges J, Griffiths P, Barker H, Pickering RM, Mesa-Eguiagaray I, Libberton P, et al. Creating Learning Environments for Compassionate Care (CLECC): an Acute Care Feasibility Study. Poster presented at European Nursing Congress, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 5–7 October 2016.
Bridges J, Libberton P, Barker H, Gould L, Wigley W, Griffiths P. Creating Learning Environments for Compassionate Care (CLECC): Developing and Evaluating the Feasibility of a Complex Intervention. Paper presented at the Royal College of Nursing International Research Conference, Edinburgh, UK, 7 April 2016.
Gould L, Griffiths P, Barker H, Mesa-Eguiagaray I, Bridges J. Creating Learning Environments for Compassionate Care (CLECC): Feasibility of Evaluating Impact on Patient Care. Paper presented at the Royal College of Nursing International Research Conference, Edinburgh, UK, 7 April 2016.
Libberton P, Bridges J. Older Adults in General Hospitals Want their Mental Health Needs Addressed as Part of Nursing Care: Why is this so Challenging? Paper presented at the International Network for Psychiatric Nursing Research (NPNR) Conference, Nottingham, UK, 15 September 2016.
Libberton P, Griffiths P, Gould L, Barker H, Mesa-Eguiagaray I, Bridges J. Relational Capacity of Nursing Teams: Exploring the Relationship Between Team Context, Relational Capacity and Caring Practices. Paper presented at the Royal College of Nursing International Research Conference, Edinburgh, UK, 7 April 2016.
McLean C, Griffiths P, Mesa-Eguiagaray I, Pickering RM, Bridges J. Reliability, feasibility, and validity of the quality of interactions schedule (QuIS) in acute hospital care: an observational study. BMC Health Serv Res 2017;17:380. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-12017-12312-12912
Mesa Eguiagaray I, Böhning D, McLean C, Griffiths P, Bridges J, Pickering RM. Inter-rater reliability of the QuIS as an assessment of the quality of staff-patient interactions. BMC Med Res Methodol 2016;16:171. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-016-0266-4
Mesa Eguiagaray I, Pickering R, McLean C, Griffiths P, Bridges J. An Application of Weighted Kappa in Nursing Research. Paper presented at the International Biometric Conference, Victoria, BC, Canada, 12 July 2016.
Mesa Eguiagaray I, Oliver E, Griffiths P, Bridges J, Gould L, Pickering R. A multilevel logistic model of poor quality staff-inpatient interactions accounting for variability across patients and observation periods. Poster presented at the International Society for Clinical Biostatistics Annual Conference, Vigo, Spain, 12 July 2017.
Oliver E, Griffiths P, Mesa Eguiagaray I, Pickering R, Gould L, Bridges J. Exploring nurse staffing skills mix and its effect on quality of interactions in UK hospital wards. Paper presented at the Royal College of Nursing International Nursing Research Conference, Oxford, UK, 7 April 2016.
Gould L, Griffiths P, Barker H, Libberton P, Mesa-Eguiagaray I, Pickering RM, et al. Compassionate care intervention for hospital nursing teams caring for older people: a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2018;8:e018563.
Bridges J, May CR, Griffiths P, Fuller A, Wigley W, Gould L, et al. Optimising impact and sustainability: a qualitative process evaluation of a complex intervention targeted at compassionate care. BMJ Qual Safety 2017;26:970–7.
Data-sharing statement
Data can be requested from the corresponding author.
Patient data
This work uses data provided by patients and collected by the NHS as part of their care and support. Using patient data is vital to improve health and care for everyone. There is huge potential to make better use of information from people’s patient records, to understand more about disease, develop new treatments, monitor safety, and plan NHS services. Patient data should be kept safe and secure, to protect everyone’s privacy, and it’s important that there are safeguards to make sure that it is stored and used responsibly. Everyone should be able to find out about how patient data are used. #datasaveslives You can find out more about the background to this citation here: https://understandingpatientdata.org.uk/data-citation.
Disclaimers
This report presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views and opinions expressed by authors in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NHS, the NIHR, NETSCC, the HS&DR programme or the Department of Health and Social Care. If there are verbatim quotations included in this publication the views and opinions expressed by the interviewees are those of the interviewees and do not necessarily reflect those of the authors, those of the NHS, the NIHR, NETSCC, the HS&DR programme or the Department of Health and Social Care.