3. MOLGE, 19 cleft, with strongly swollen lips, as in .. vulgaris, that of the female subconical, directed backwards, with circular opening. Skin smooth or slightly granulate above; head with distinct series of pores ; parotoid region thickened ; a distinct gular fold. Brown or olive above, with irregular darker spots; no longitudinal dark streaks on the head; lower surfaces orange, with scattered round black spots; lower edge of tail yellow, with black spots in the male, immaculate in the female.
3. Q.
Total length ............ 68 97 millim.
From snout to cloaca .... 31 39—C«,, MOA si cnaes days ha teas 9 10, Width of head .......... 74 So 3, Fore limb .............. 133 13.—C,, Hind limb.............. 14 13—C(«, "Dall. sys Ae wens aide ve ee 37 48, Spain, Portugal.
a, Several spec., ¢ 9. Coruiia. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. [P.]. b-d. 3,9, & yg. Oporto. E, Allen, Esq, [P.].
10. Molge pyrrhogastra.
Cynops pyrrhogaster, Gray, Cat. p. 25.
Molge pyrrhogastra, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 215.
Salamandra subcristata, Schleg. Faun. Japon., Amph. p. 125, pl. iv. f. 1-8, and pl. v. f. 7, 8, and Abbild. p. 122, pl. 40, f. 1-3. Cynops subcristatus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 94.
Triton subcristatus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 140.
—— pyrrhogaster, Strauch, Salam. p. 51; Bouleng. Bull. Soe. Zool. France, 1880, p. 89.
Fronto-squamosal arch bony, thick. Palatine teeth forming a A ora A, commencing on a line with the choane. Tongue small, subelliptical, the sides slightly free. Head a little longer than broad, without grooves, its length contained thrice to thrice and a half in the length of the body; snout subtruncate; cheeks widening suddenly ; eyes prominent; labial lobes much developed. Body subquadrangular in the male, nearly round in the female; no dorsal crest; a prominent vertebral ridge in both sexes, produced by the great development of the spinous processes of the dorsal vertebra. Limbs moderate ; fingers and toes depressed, free; carpal and tarsal tubercles generally distinct. Tail strongly compressed during the breeding-season, sword-shaped, and frequently shortly mucronate in the male, with an upper and lower crest; its length exceeding generally that of head and body. Cloaca as in M. vulgaris. Skin generally strongly tuberculate above and beneath, sometimes smooth ; parotoids distinct, more or less developed, generally much so; a similar, small, circular gland is generally visible on each side of the throat; a distinct gular fold. Dark olive or blackish above; lower surfaces carmine, spotted with black; lower edge of tail uniform carmine, this bright colour vanishing in the breeding male. c2
20 SALAMANDRIDZE.
3. 2.
Total length ............ 93 1111 millim. From snout to cloaca .... 46 53 ys Head 6 issue ae at oa WA 11 12 y Width of head .......... 93 103 Fore limb .............. 18 19 ~(C, Hind limb.............. 20 20 ys Path swtaewgconsaneeed al 47 58 oy Japan, China.
a-b, g. Northern parts of Niphon. . c-e. d. Nagasaki. Prof. St. George Mivart [P.]. f-h. $ Q. Nagasaki. Mr. Whitely [C.]. il. SQ. Japan. Leyden Museum. m 3. Kiukiang Mountains, China. Mr. C. Maries [C.]. 11. Molge sinensis. ; Cynops chinensis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 229, pl. 19. f. 1; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 489. Triton chinensis, Strauch, Salam. p. 51. Closely allied to the preceding species; differs in the following characters :-Head widening more gradually; canthus rostralis strongly marked ; loreal region nearly vertical; snout of male very long. Sides of body with very prominent conical tubercles; parotoids very small; gular fold very strong. Tail table-knife-shaped in both sexes. Upper parts uniform brown; lower parts bluish black, with small irregular yellow (red?) spots; lower edge of tail uniform yellow in the female, with yellow spots in the male; latter with a broad bluish band along the posterior two thirds of the tail. Total length .......... 181 142 millim. From snout to cloaca .... 60 66, Head, ccveiaiwsd dates nd 16 16 .—CO«, Width of head ........ 13 Ww Fore limb ............ 23 22 oy Hind limb ............ 22 24 (Cy, Walk pane oar ade ics wots sisiwes) al 76 (Cs, China.
a-b. SQ. N.E. coast of China, inland Mr. Fortune [C.]. of Ningpo. (Types.)
12. Molge torosa.
. Taricha torosa, Gray, Cat. p. 25. Triton torosus, Eschsch. Zool, Atlas, p. 12, pl. 21. £15; Strauch P nai p. 50. , alamandra beecheyi, Gray in Griff. A, K. i. p. 107 Biocliate Vian, SCALE uP i a asl
3. MOLGE. 21 Triton ermani, Wiegm. in Erman’s Reise um die Erde, p. 24. Salamandra (Triton) granulosa, Skilton, Amer. Journ. (2) vii. p. 202. Py ieee torosus, Baird, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) i. p. 284. Taricha levis, Baird § Gir. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1853, p. 802. torosa, Girard, U.S. Expl. Exped., Herp. p. 5, pl. 1. £. 1-8. Triton levis, Strauch, 1. c.
Diemyctylus torosus, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. i. p. 28. Fronto-squamosal arch bony, thick. Palatine teeth in two postetiorly diverging series, forming a A-shaped figure; these series commencing on a line with the choane. Tongue moderate, suboval, the sides free. Head depressed, about as long as broad, its length contained about thrice in the length of the body; the greatest width at angles of jaws; snout rounded ; labial lobes well developed during the breeding-season. Body rounded, crestless. Limbs moderate in the female, very strong in the male; fingers and toes short, much depressed, free; carpal and tarsal tubercles indistinct. Tail strongly compressed, with very low upper and lower crest, its end obtusely pointed, considerably longer than head and body. Cloaca as in M. vulgaris. Skin generally granular above and beneath, sometimes smooth (spec. h); head with series of pores; parotoids more or less distinct; a strong gular fold. Uniform brown above ; beneath and lower edge of tail uniform yellow. é. g.
Total length............ 156 159 millim. From snout to cloaca .... 67 69, GHG elie ne sige Sse 16 Le sy Width of head.......... 15 16~—Ci«, Fore limb ............ 30 24 3, Hind limb ............ 30 25 ” HEAL Si Sas Shope ioyocedes cesta setae 89 90 —=Ca, Western North America.
a-b. o. California.
c,d. $ & skeleton. Nassa valley. Mr. Gruber [C.]. e. Her. Chilukiveyuk River. N. A. Boundary Commission. S-g- 3 Q. Fraser’s River. H.M.S. ‘Plumper’ Lk ho. Vancouver Island. Lieut.-Col. Hawkins [C.]. i,k 8. —?P Prof. St. George Mivart [P.]. t. Her. —?
18. Molge viridescens.
Notophthalmus miniatus, Gray, Cat. p. 22. Notophthalmus viridescens, Gray, J. ¢. p. 23. Triturus (Diemyctylus) viridescens, Rujin. Annals of Nature, 1820, no. 22 [not seen by the writer] —— (Notophthalmus) miniatus, Rafin. 1. ¢, no. 24. Salamandra stellio, Say, Amer. Joarn. i. p. 264. —-— dorsalis, Harlan, Journ. Ac. Philad. Ep. 101; Wied, Nova Acta Leop.- Carol. xxxii, p. 181.
—— symmetrica, Harlan, 1c. p. 157; Holby. N. Amer. Herp. v.
22 SALAMANDRIDZ, . 57, pl. xvii.; Dekay, N.Y. Faun., Rept. p. 73, pl. xv. f. 33; ted, b,c. p. 125. ness Salamandra millepunctata, Storer, Bost. Journ. N. H.gi. p. 60. greenii, Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. Syn. p. 107. ‘ Triton dorsalis, Holbr. i. c. p. 77, pl. xxv.; Dum. & Bibr. p. 155. millepunctatus, Dekay, J. c. p. 84, pl. xv. f. 34, | Notopthalmus miniatus, Batrd, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) i. p. 284. viridescens, Bard, 1. .
Triton punctatissimus, Dum. & Bibr. p. 154.
symmetricus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 154, pl. 107. f. 2. e Diemyctylus viridescens, Hallow. Journ, Ac. Philad. (n. 8.) ii, p. 363. miniatus, Hallow. |. ¢.
Triton viridescens, Strauch, Salam. p. 50.
Fronto-squamosal arch bony. Palatine teeth in two series, parallel and in contact in their anterior half, diverging behind, forming a A-shaped figure; these series commencing on a line with the choanz. Tongue small, elliptical, free along the sides. Head longer than broad, its length contained thrice or thrice and a half in the length of the body; the greatest width at angles of jaws; three distinct longitudinal grooves on the head; snout truncate; loreal region high, vertical; labial lobes well developed during the breeding-season. Body rounded, no dorsal crest, but the vertebral line swollen. Limbs moderate, the hind pair very strong and dilated, and furnished with black rugosities on the inner surface in the breeding male; fingers and toes depressed, free; inner and outer toes extremely short; carpal and tarsal tubercles indistinct. Tail longer than head and body in the adult, strongly compressed during the breeding-season, with an upper and lower crest; it ends in a more or less acute point. Cloaca of female as in M. vulgaris; of breeding male globiform, with inferior central opening, surrounded by radiating cilia. Skin smooth or minutely tubercular; head with distinct series of pores; three very large pores on each side of the head, behind the eyes; no gular fold. Reddish or olive-brown above, generally dotted with black; on each side of the back a series of four to seven red, black-edged ocelli; a blackish streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye, extending sometimes along each flank ; female frequently with a red dorsal streak; lower surface red or orange, dotted with black.
3. Q.
‘Total length ........ weve 92 92 millim.
From snout to cloaca ...... 40 44, Heaths oseee tuted ry ties oversee cen’, 10 103 =O, Width of head............ 8 8, Fore limb .............. 15 Lo is Hind limb .............. 17 15, TAA sds sess satecesaininaes jae eieatl 52 48, United States—Eastern and Austro-riparian districts. a-b, c, d-e. 3,9, & yg. New York.
f. Q. Pennsylvania,
3. MOLGE. 23° g.3. 8. Carolina. Dr. Harlan [P.}.
ht. SQ. S. Carolina.
k-n. Q & yg. N. America. Edw. Doubleday, Esq. [P.]. o-p. 9 and breeding ¢ N. America. Prof. St. George Mivart [P.]. with gills, 14. Molge montana.
Molge platycephala, part., Graven. Delic. p. 84. Megapterna montana, Sav?, Nuov. Giorn. Tosc. xxxvii. p.211; Bonap. Fayn. Ital.; Bedriaga, Zool. Anz. 1882, p.45, and Arch. f. Nat. xlix. p. 127, pls. 3-5.
Euproctus platycephalus, part., Bonap. l.e.; De Betta, Atti Ist. Venet. (5) v.
—— montanus, Gigholi, An. Mus. Genov. xiii. p. 599; Bedriaga, Zool. Anz, 1879, p. 451; Camerano, Zool. Anz. 1881, p. 183. —— platycephalus ?, Bouleng. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1878, p. 805. Fronto-squamosal arch ligamentous; frontals with distinct orbital processes. Palatine teeth in two serics, parallel, and in contact in their anterior half, divergent behind, thus forming a A-shaped figure; these series commencing on aline with the choane. Tongue rather large, subcircular, attached along the median line, slightly free behind, protractile. Head rather large, depressed, longer than broad, its length contained thrice ( ¢ ) or thrice and a half ( ? ) in the length of the body; the greatest width of'head at posterior corners of eyes ; snout rounded; no labial lobes. Body rounded ; no dorsal crest. Limbs moderate; fingers and toes short, depressed ; tarsal and carpal tubercles indistinct; male with a much developed, rounded dilatation of the fibulum. Tail a little shorter than head and body, compressed, ending in a point. Vent generally conical, directed backwards, with circular opening ; sometimes (2) a longitudinal slit, the borders of which are scarcely swollen. Skin finely tubercular above, smooth beneath; sides of head with distinct pores; on each side of the neck a large well-defined parotoid gland; no gular fold. Brown, immaculate, or variegated with darker and lighter above and speckled with whitish beneath ; sometimes a light vertebral line.
3. Q.
Total length .......... 114 ~—-: 108 millim.
From snout to cloaca .... 56 58 Ci, Head: s6.06 sew eke aes es 14 13 CO, Width of head.......... 11 10, Fore limb .........-.. 18 18, Hind limb ............ 21 20) b Pail ne se ginudse Sept we 58 50, Corsica.
a-e. 5 2, her., Lago @’Argento, Monte Prof. Giglioli [E. ]. & larve. Cinto (6000 feet).
f-g. Yg. & larva. Corsica. Dr. J. v. Bedriaga [E.]. h-t. Ye. & larva. Corsica, G. A. Boulenger, Esq. [P.].
24 SALAMANDRIDZ.
15. Molge rusconii.
Euproctus platycephalus, Gray, Cat. p. 24. Molge platycephala, part., Gravenh. Delic. p. 84. Euproctus rusconii, Gené, Syn. Rept. Sard. p. 28, pl. i. £. 3-5; Bonap. aun. Ital.; Wiedersheim, An. Mus. Genov. vii. p. 545, pl. xx.; Giglioli, eod., loc. xiii. p. 599; Bedriaga, Zool. Anz. 1879, p. 451; Camerano, eod, loc. 1881, p. 188.
platycephalus, part., Bonap. 1. ¢. ' aes platycephalus, part., Strauch, Salam. p. 50; Schreib. Herp. m,p.54, Fronto-squamosal arch bony. Palatine teeth in two straight series, diverging behind, forming a A~ or A-shaped figure; these series commencing on a line with the choane. Tongue small, subelliptical, the sides free. Head much depressed, much longer than broad, its length contained about thrice in the length of the body ; the greatest width at angles of jaws; snout semielliptical ; labial lobes well developed. Body rounded, crestless. Limbs moderate ; fingers and toes rather elongate, slender, free; ‘in the male the fibulum sends forth a pointed, spur-like process, resembling a rudimentary toe; no distinct carpal or tarsal tubercles. Tail about as long as head and body, keeled above and beneath, with a small upper and lower crest, ending in an obtuse point. Cloaca, in both sexes, conical, the opening circular and turned backwards ; that of the male more swollen at the base. Skin smooth or with small tubercles above ; no gular fold. Brown above, variegated with darker ; lower surfaces yellowish, spotted with blackish. 3. 2.
Total length ............ 182 76 millim. From snout to cloaca .... 64 40 ,, Had: ao ccsecixcmied tue castes 15 10 «4, Width of head .......... 12 8 » Fore limb .............. 19 12 ,, Hind limb.............. 21 V2 yy aA as ener conser erty ere cui ais 68 36 Cis, Sardinia.
a-d. § & her. Mt. Gennargentu. Prof. Giglioli [E.]. 16. Molge aspera.
Hemitriton asper, Dugés, Ann. Se. Nat. (8) xvii. p. 266. cinereus (Dum.), Duges, I. c. p. 268. —— rugosus (Dum.), Duges, 1. ec, p. 264. punctulatus (Dum.), Duges, t.c. p. 265, pl. 1. f. 1-8. bibronii (Dum.), Duges, 1, c. p. 256, Triton pyrenzeus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 189. —— rugosus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 150.
—— cinereus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 161. n repandus, Dum. & Bibr. p. 151, pl.106.£2. § —— puncticulatus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 152, pl. 106. f. 8. ibroni, Dum. § Bibr. p. 153.
3. MOLGE. 25 Euproctus rusconii, part., Dum. § Bibr. p. 158. Calotriton punctulatus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1858, p. 189. Triton platycephalus, part., Strauch, Salam. p.50; Schreib. Herp. Eur. 54 p.54.
Euproctus pyreneus, Lataste, Rev. Intern. Sc. ii, 1878, p. 495. Fronto-squamosal arch bony. Palatine teeth in two series in contact anteriorly, diverging behind, thus forming a A-shaped figure ; these series commencing on a line with the choane. Tongue small, elliptical, the sides slightly free. Head depressed, longer than broad, its length contained thrice to thrice and a half in the length of the body, the greatest width at posterior corners of eyes ; snout rounded or truncate; labial lobes well developed during the breeding-season. Body rounded; no crest. Limbs moderate; fingers and toes depressed, free; sometimes the tips furnished with a black, corneous, nail-like sheath ; no distinct carpal or tarsal tubercles. Tail as long as head and body in the female, shorter and thicker in the male ; the tail keeled above, but destitute of regular crest, ending in an obtuse point. Anal opening circular; cloaca of male subglobular ; of female much produced, conical, directed backwards. Skin more or less strongly tuberculate above, smooth beneath ; a more or less indistinct gular fold. Olive or blackish above, uniform or with yellowish spots, which may be confluent into a broad vertebral line ; lower surfaces and lower edge of tail orange, with blackish spots, the median zone of the belly generally immaculate. Total length .......... 100 104 millim.
From snout to cloaca .... 54 52s, TCA, is eee sida Strdensasa doce 13 12.
Width of head.......... 11 102 ,, Fore limb ...........- 16 16 55 Hind limb ............ 17 16. CO, Teil eae cesdces Beek oP es 46 52. Cs, Pyrenees ; mountains of the Pyrenean peninsula. a-c. 2. Pyrenees, d. . Lower Pyrenees.
17. Molge poireti.
Triton poireti, Gray, Cat. p. 18 (not specimens*). ? Triton palustris, Poiret, Voy. Barbar. i. p. 290. Triton poireti, Gervais, Bull. Soc. Sc. Nat. 1835, p.318, and Ann. Sc. Nat. vii. p. 812; Strauch, Salam. p. 51.
? Euproctus rusconii, Guichenot, Expl. Sc. Alg., Rept. p. 29, pl. 4. £. 2. Triton nebulosus, Guichen. 1. c. p. 80, pl. 4. f. 1. Glossoliga poireti, Gervais, Ann. Se. Nat. (3) xx. p. 313, pl. xv. f. 9. Euproctus poireti, Dum. § Bibr. p. 160, pl. 107. ; Fronto-squamosal arch bony, thick. Palatine teeth in two slightly curved series, approximating in front, forming af. Tongue rather large, subcircular, extensively free bebind and on the sides. Head * a=M. waltlii; b=M. cristata.
26 SALAMANDRIDZ, much depressed, as long as broad, its length contained about thrice and a half in the length of the body, the greatest width at angles of jaws; snout broad, rounded, the contour of the jaws semicircular ; eyes small; labial lobes scarcely distinct. Body rounded, somewhat depressed ; no dorsal crest, vertebral line grooved. Limbs moderate; fingers and toes much depressed, free ; no carpal or tarsal tubercles. Tail compressed, keeled above and beneath, longer than head and body. Skin strongly tuberculate; parotoid region thickened ; a series of large pores from axilla to groin ; a strong gular fold. Vent a longitudinal slit, the borders scarcely swollen. Olive-brown above, yellowish or reddish brown beneath, with or without darker markings.
Q.
Total length .................. 146 millim. From snout to cloaca .......... 70 4, Head. «5 x eine aie ean se Azer esote 15, Width of head ................ 1S P Ore MDs icc erdcecer aes nae Maree Es LOM aoc FInd Mb soe new cumenegametes 22 —««, Vai: “sacha hivorie Rearwoniauavarsanaowe sy 76s, Algiers.
a,b. 9 & her. Algiers.
ce. Several larvee. Algiers. M. F. Lataste [P.]. d. Skeleton. Algiers.
18. Molge hagenmuelleri.
Glossoliga poireti, Bonap. Faun. Ital. —— hagenmulleri, Lataste, Le Naturaliste, 1881, p. 371. Differs from the preceding in the following characters :—Palatine teeth forming a A. Tongue small,,less free behind. Head longer than broad ; snout narrower, contour of jaws semielliptic. Limbs, and especially fingers and toes, more slender. Gular fold less accentuated. Size smaller. Olive-brown above, greyish beneath, with more or less distinct darker spots. Breeding male with rugose plates on the inner side of the fore limbs*. gs. °@.
Total length ............ 99 98 millim. ‘From snout to cloaca ...... 42 44 ,, GAA.ecsicicocsisweresapisigesteais9410~=—*=7, Width of head ............ 8 9 ss Forelimb................ 15 13°C, Hind limb .............. 15 15, DBI sesso se tina ties peach dAtaioeetoe 57 54. Oy, Algiers.
Hb. dQ. Bona. M. F. Lataste [P.].
» es Bona. Dr. J. v, Bedriaga [E.].