PROTEIDZ, 83 acuminate; nostrils small, close to the tip of the snout, near the labial border ; eyes very small; upper and lower labial lobes much developed. Limbs extremely small; digits 3—3. Tail short, compressed, keeled above. Skin smooth, slimy. Uniform blackish brown, somewhat lighter beneath. Total length ...............0505 755 millim. -From snout to cloaca............ 575g, GAG ass) sical sda gig ave stdaee nace os ... 40 ,, Width of head ..........-..... 31s, Fore limb .............0 000 ee 13 C« Hari Vim) sesso Ses wtcaand ve tres 2k 4, Taal sisci Ss iyakey ccease'sia ap cose: dnc acai es 180, Mississippi and Louisiana.
a, Adult, Louisiana.
b. Her. Florida. Dr. B. Harlan [P.]. e. Adult. Mexico (?).
d, Young, —-?
2. Amphiuma means.
Amphiuma means, Gray, Cat. p. 55. ga ar means, Garden, 1. c.; Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. v. p. 89, pl. 30; Dum. & Bibr. p. 203, Chrysodonta larveeformis, Mitch. 1. c. a ee means s, didactyla, Cuv. Mém. Mus. xiv. p.4, pl. 1. 1-3 — didactyla, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 209. Sirenoides aidecthue, Fitz. 1. oe. Digits 2—2. Otherwise as in the preceding. 8.E. United States, from North Carolina to Mississippi. a-c. Her. & yg. N. America. T. Bell, Esq. [P.]. Fam. 3. PROTEID.
Sirenide, part., Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825. Proteidex, part., Tschudi, Classif. d. Batr. Proteide, Gray, Cat. Batr. Grad. : Trématodéres protéides, part., Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén, ix. Proteidx, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) vi. 1866. Ichthyodea, part., Strauch, Rev. d. Salam. Two genera :— Digits 4—4; eyes exposed...... .. 1. Necturus, p. 83. Digits 3—2 ; eyes hidden ........ 2. Proteus, p. 85. 1. NECTURUS.
Necturus, Rajin. in de Blainv. Journ. Phys, lxxxviii. (1819), p. 417; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 210; Gray, Cat. p. 66. 3 G
84 PROTEIDE.
Phanerobranchus, part., Leuckart, Isis, 1821, p. 260, Menobranchus, Harlan, Ann. Lye. N. Y¥. i. 1825, p. 221; Tschudi, Batr. p. 97; Dum. & Bibr. ix. p. 183. Phanerobranchus, Fitzing. Neue Classif. Rept. p. 68. Tongue large, anterior border free. Vomero-palatine teeth in a strong series. Eyes exposed. Fingers and toes four. North America.
1. Necturus maculatus.
Necturus maculosus, Gray, Cat. p. 66. Necturus lateralis, 7d. ¢bid. p. 67. Necturus maculatus, Rafin. l.c.; Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. v. p. 111, 1.
37.
rtan lateralis, Say, in Long’s Exped. Rocky Mount. i. p. 5. Phanerobranchus tetradactylus, Leuckart, 1. c. Menobranchus lateralis, Harlan, 1. c.; Tschudi, Batr. p. 97; Holbr. ic. p. 115, pl. 88; Dekay, N.Y. Faun., Rept. p. 87, pl. 18. f. 45; din g ie p. 183; Wied, Nova Acta Leop.-Carol. xxxii. p. 138, 7. £1, E tetradactylus, Harlan, Journ. Ac. Philad. iv. p. 824; Gray, Ann. Philos. x. 1825, p. 216.
sayi, Gray, 1. c.
Proteus maculatus, Barnes, Amer. Journ. xi. p. 268. -Menobranchus lacepedii, Gray, in Griff. A. K. ix. p. 108. Phanerobranchus lacepedii, Fitz. 1. c. Necturus lateralis, Wagl. 1. c. Teeth strong. Snout narrowed; eyes small; upper and lower labial lobes much developed. Body thick, elongate. Limbs short, * well developed ; digits slightly depressed, obtuse, free. ‘Tail short, strongly compressed, finned, the end rounded. Skin smooth; a well-marked vertebral groove; a very strongly marked gular fold. Brown, lighter beneath, with more or less distinct round blackish spots ; sometimes a blackish lateral band. Total length .............. .... 323 millim. From snout to cloaca............ 213 —C«, Head (to gular fold) ............ 39 Ci, Width of head ................ 40 ,, Fore limb: g.% wevons ae edewawsw es 88 gy Hind limb .................005 42 ,, Tail, : gicgicre de eee Sagopa. 110_—C—=, East United States; Canada.
a-b, c-d. 3 & yg. Montreal.
a od. Canada. \ Ff. Her. Ohio.
g. @. N. America. Dr. J. E. Gray [P.]. h,i,k. SQ. N. America.
l. Skeleton. United States.
2. prorets. 85 2. PROTEUS.
Proteus, sp., Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 37. Proteus, Schreibers, Phil. Trans. 1801, p. 241; Gray, Cat. p. 65 ; Dum. & Bibr. ix. p. 185.
Hypochton, Merrem, Tent. p. 188; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 210; Tschudi, Batr, p. 97.
Phanerobranchus, part., Leuckart, Isis, 1821, p. 260. Tongue small, freein front. Vomero-palatine teeth in two feeble series. Eyes concealed under the skin. Fingers three, toes two. Carniola.
l. Proteus anguinus. (Prats II. figs. 5-7.) Proteus anguinus, Gray, Cat. p. 65. Proteus anguinus, Laur, lc. pl. 4.£3; Schrewb. 1. c.; Daud, Rept. viii. p. 266, pl. 49. £1; Configt. §& Rusconi, Monogr.; Cuv. in Humb. Obs. Zool. i. p. 119, pl. 18; Dum. & Bibr. ix. p. 186, pl. 96. £. 2; Cope, Journ, Ac. Philad. (2) vi. 1866, p. 104; Schreib. Herp. Eur. ets Bied anguina, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 608, pl. 139. Hypochton laurentii, Merr. Tent. p. 188; Fitzing. Sitz. Ak. Wien, vy. 1850, p. 301. ; Phanerobranchus platyrhynchus, Leuckart, J. ¢. Hypochton anguinus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 97. —— schreibersii, Fitz. 1. c. p. 299. freyeri, Fitz. 1. c.
—— haidingeri, Fitz. J. c. p. 300. —— xanthostictus, Fiz. lc. p. 301. Proteus xanthostictus, Cope, t. c. p. 108. — schreibersii, Cope, /. ec. p. 104. Head elongate; snout long, narrowed, the tip truncate; mouth small; labial lobes much developed. Body slender, elongate ; limbs very weak; fingers and toes obtuse, free. Tail short, strongly compressed, finned, the end rounded or obtusely pointed. Cloacal opening as in Onychodactylus. Skin smooth ; a more or less distinct gular fold; twenty-six or twenty-seven costal grooves. Uniform flesh-coloured.
‘Total length ............. eas A 283 millim. From snout to cloaca .......... 193, Head (to middle of gular fold) .. 31 ,, Width of head ................ 18 Cg, BOr6 MD gooey waregea SERA ea 24.C«s“ FHM ds: seererrecmiene ewes adore ses 20, MADatccsaananssglonigandciseaocwahiudss9 Subterranean waters of the Alps of Carniola. a. Adult. Carniola. Vienna Museum. (As typical of H, laurentit.)
bc. Adult. Carniola. Vienna Museum. (As typical of H. schreibersit.)
d, Adult. Carniola. Vienna Museum. (As typical of H. freyeri.)
86 SIRENIDZ.
e-f,g,h. Adult. Carniola.
t-h. . Carniola. M. Drummond, fe (Pile 1 Adult. Carniola. B. Tyndall, Esq. [P.]. m-n. Adult & yg. Magdalenengrotte. o. Her. —? Miss Bell [P.].
p. Skeleton, bad state. _——? Var. carrare.
Hypochton carraree, Fitzing. l.c. p. 300. © Proteus carraree, Cope, l.e. p. 108. Snout more elongate, very narrow ; twenty-four costal grooves. Dalmatia.
g. Adult. —? Prof. Carrara [P.]. Var. zoisii.
Hypochton zoisii, Fitzing. 0. ¢. p. 298. Proteus zoisii, Cope, 1. .
: Stouter ; head much shorter, pear-shaped, snout rounded ; twentyfive costal grooves.
Rupa, Carinthia.
r, Adult. Carniola. Vienna Museum. (As typical of H. zozsiz.)
Fam. 4. SIRENIDA.
Sirenide, part., Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825. Proteides, part., Tschudi, Classif. d. Batr. Sirenide, Gray, Cat. Batr. Grad. Trématodéres protéides, part., Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. ix. Sirenide, Cove, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) vi. 1866, ° Ichthyodea, part., Strauch, Rev. d. Salam. Two genera :— Three spiracula on each side; digits four. 1. Siren, p. 86.
One spiraculum on each side; digits three. 2. Pseudobranchus, p. 87.
1, SIREN.
Siren, Linn. S. N. i. Addenda; Tschudi, Batr. p. 98; Gray, Cat p. 68; Dum. § Bibr. ix. p. 191. Phanerobranchus, part., Leuckart, Isis, 1821, p. 260, Tongue covering the floor of the mouth, free infront. Jaws with a horny sheath. Vomerine teeth numerous, forming two large patches converging anteriorly. Spiracula three on each side, below the gills. Limbs two, posterior absent; fingers four. North America. .
1. srren.—2. PSEUDOBRANCHUS. 87 1. Siren lacertina.
Siren lacertina, Gray, Cat. p. 68. Siren intermedia, 7d. abid. p. 69. Siren lacertina, Linn. l.c.; Cuv. m Humb, Obs, Zool. i. p. 28, pl. 11- 14; Daud, Rept. viii. p. 272, pl. 49. f. 2; Holby. N. Amer. Herp. . v. p. 101, pl. 84; Tschudi, l.c.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 193 (part.). Phanerobranchus dipus, Leuckart, 1. c. 1 Siren intermedia, Leconte, Ann, Lyc. N.Y. 1828, p. 133, pl.1; Holbr. i.e. p. 107, pl. 35.
Body elongate, eel-like. Head rather small; snout short, broad ; nostrils in the upper lip; eyes very small; labial lobes much developed. Limbs short; fingers well developed, pointed. ‘Tail shorier than body, strongly compressed, finned, ending in a point. Skin smooth. Blackish, uniform or with small white dots. Total length ...............0.. 670 millim. From snout to cloaca .......... 460 ,, Head (to spiracle).............. 52g, Width of head ....... eg eedisis an 35, MAMA cheeses Wes asg ean ee a eae aA, 38 CO, Math ck Basia cits ata Fauaa esas 210_~—O—4, S.E. United States.
a. Adult. N, America. Dy. Garden [P.]. b. Adult. N. America. Lord Ampthill [P.]. c-e. Young. 8. Carolina. Zool. Soc. ; f. Hgr. Texas.
g. Young. —-P 2. PSEUDOBRANCHUS.
Pseudobranchus, Gray, Ann, Phil, 1825, p. 216, and Cat. p. 69. Tongue covering the floor of the mouth, free in front. Jaws with a horny sheath. Vomerine teeth numerous, forming two large patches converging arclaee Spiraculum single on each side, below the gills. Limbs two, posterior absent ; fingers three. North America. ; 1. Pseudobranchus striatus *.
Pseudobranchus striatus, Gray, Cat. p. 69. Siren striata, Leconte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1824, p. 52, pl. 4; Tschudi, Batr, p. 98; Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. v. p. 109, pl. 36; Dum. & Bibr, pl. 96. £. 1. :
Pseudobranchus striatus, Gray, Ann, Phil, 1825, p, 216. Body elongate, eel-like. Head rather small ; snout short, narrowed; eyes small; labial lobes much developed. Limbs very short ; fingers + well developed, pointed. Tail shorter than body, compressed, finned, * Described from two specimens in the Paris Museum.
88 COBCILIID AL.
ending in a point. Skin granulate above. Dark brown, with a broad yellow band on each side, and a narrower one below. Total length ..............008. 186 millim. From snout to cloaca .......... 106g, Head (to spiraculum) .......... is ees Width of head ................ 43 ,, PATILDysspig-ieoaetngseetearciecenecdsicesreasaie Tail) ane seat eee eee 4 «s, Georgia.
Order III. APODA.
No limbs; tail rudimentary. Males with an intromittent copulatory organ. Adapted for burrowing. - Fam. 1. CHCILIIDA.
Coeciliades, Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825. Ceeciliz, Tschudi, Classif. d. Batr. Ophiosomes ou Céciloides, Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. viii. Ceciliide, Gray, Cat. Batr. Grad.
The classification recently proposed by Prof. Peters is adopted here, as being based on more scientific characters than that which was generally used before. It is to be regretted that the characters taken from the structure of the tentacle are rather difficult of application. Synopsis of the Genera.
I. Cycloid imbricated scales imbedded in the skin, at least on the borders of the circular folds.
A. Eyes distinct or concealed under the skin. Tentacle conical, exsertile, surrounded by a ring-shaped groove, situated between the nostril and the eye, near the lip. 1. Ichthyophis, p. 89.
Tentacle as in the preceding, but situated below the nostril. 2. Ureotyphlus, p. 91.
Tentacle flap-like, the tentacular groove horseshoe-shaped, situated below the nostril .............. 3. Cecilia, p. 98. Tentacle as in the preceding, but situated posteriorly to the nostril. 4. Hypogeophis, p. 96.
Tentacle globular, surrounded by a ring-shaped groove, situated below and in front of the eye .... 5. Dermophis, p. 97.
l. ICHTHYOPHIS. 89 B. Eyes below the cranial bones.
Tentacle globular, surrounded by a ring-shaped groove, nearer the commissure of the jaws than the nostril. 6. Gymnopis, p. 99.
Tentacle as in the preceding, but nearer the nostril than the commissure of the jaws ............ 7. Herpele, p. 100. IT. No scales.
A. Squamosals in contact with parietals. Eyes below the cranial bones; tentacle globular, surrounded by a ring-shaped groove ............ 8. Gegenophis, p. 101. Eyes distinct; tentacle flap-shaped, tentacular groove horseshoeshaped, much nearer the eye than the nostril. 9. Siphonops, p. 101.
Eyes distinct ; tentacle as in the preceding, but nearer the nostril than the eye ; end of body compressed. 10. Typhlonectes, p. 102.
B. Squamosals separated from parietals. Tentacle flap-shaped, in the middle between the nostril and the eye. 11. Chthonerpeton, p. 104.
1. ICHTHYOPHIS.
Ichthyophis, Fitzing. Neue Classif. d. Rept. p. 86; Gray, Cat. p. 60; Peters, Mon. Bert, Ac. 1879, ST aac ai ae Epicrium, Wagl. Isis, 1828, p. ‘748, and Syst. Amph. p. 198; Tschudi, Batr. p. 90; Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 285; A. Dum. Mém. Soc. Cherb. ix. p. 319.
Rhinatrema, Dum. § Bibr..p. 288; Gray, l. c.; A. Dum. l.c. p. 820. Squamosals in contact with parietals. Two series of teeth in the lower jaw. Tentacles cultriform, exsertile, between the eye and the nostril. Cycloid scales imbedded in the skin. Kast Indies.
1. Ichthyophis glutinosus. (Puars IV. fig. 2.) Ichthyophis glutinosus, Gray, Cat. p. 60. Rhinatrema bivittatum, 7d. abd. p. 61. Coecilia glutinosa, Linn. Mus. Ad. Fred. p. 19, pl. 25. f. 2, and 8S, N. i. p. 229; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 418; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1864, p. 303.
—— viscosa, Latr. Rept. iv. p. 238. Ichthyophis hasseltii, Mitzing.. Neue Classif. Rept. p. 63. Coecilia hypocyanea, Hasselt, Isis, 1827, p. 565; Miiller, Zeitschr. f. Phys. iv. p. 195, and Arch. Anat. Phys. 1835, p. 391, pl. 8, f. 12-14; Schleg. Abbild. p. 119, pl. 89. f. 1.
90 CQCILIID.
Ceecilia bivittata, Cuv. R. A. 2nd ed., ii. p. 100. Sea hypocyanea, Wagl. Syst. “Amph. p- 198; Tschudi, Batr. p.90.
— ptionaunt, Dum. & Bibr. p. 286; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. 441.
Ritnetreme bivittatum, Dum. & Bibr. pe 288, pl. 85. f. 4. Ichthyophis glutinosus, Peters, Mon. 1. Ac. 1879, p. 931, pl. — f. 1-8.
—— beddomii, Peters, 1. c. p. 932, pl. —. f. 4. Both rows of mandibular teeth well developed. Snout rounded; the width of the head between the eyes equals the distance of the eye from the end of the snout; eye easily distinguishable; tentacle below and in front of the eye, generally much nearer the eye than the nostril. Body subcylindrical, rather depressed, moderately elongate, with very numerous (240 to 400) distinct circular folds, angular on the belly. Tail very short though distinct, pointed. Dark brown or bluish black; a yellow band along each side of the body, from the head to the tail. Total length 380 millim.; greatest diameter of body 14 millim.
In the larva the head is fish-like, greatly. resembling that of Amphiuma, provided with much developed labial lobes; the tongue is extensively free in front, as in the larve of Salamandridee aud the Perennibranchiata. "The tentacle-pit is either absent or close to the eye. The latter is much more developed than in the adult, about as much as in the Amphiwmide. I cannot find any branchie. The spiraculaare large. The tail is much more distinct than in the adult, strongly compressed, and finned above and beneath, the upper membrane extending somewhat in advance of the vent. The circular folds are very indistinct in the youngest specimens, become gradually more distinct as the animal grows. The anal opening 'is a longitudinal cleft.
East Indies.
Ceylon. Sir J. Banks [P.].
b eae Hee Ad., hgr., Ceylon. Fe] &larva.
m, Adult. Ceylon. Sir J, E, Tennent [P].
a. Adult. Wynaad.
o. Several spec., ad. & Nilgherries. Col. Beddome [C.]. hgr.
-q. Her. Darjeeling. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [C. 4 ‘gull, Khassya. T. C. Jerdon, Het, bot s. Adult. Khassya. Sir J. Hooker [P.].
t-u. & yg. Tenasserim. Dr. Cantor.
v. ‘Adal Siam. M. Mouhot [C.}.
w-y. Her. & larvee. Matang.
z, Adult. —P Royal College of Surgeons [P.].
a. Adult. ——? — Samsbury, Esq.
The examination of a large series of specimens of this species collected by Col. Beddome in 8.W. India shows that the characters upon which J, beddomii was established by Prof. Peters do not hold