16. BATRACHOsEPs. 59 1. Batrachoseps scutatus.
Hemidactylium scutatum, Gray, Cat. p. 41. ae Schieg. Faun. Japon., Amph. p. 119, ana Abbild. 1. 40, £ 4-6.
ealis melanosticta, Gibbes, Bost. Journ. N. H. v. p,-89, pl. 10. Hemidactylium scutatum, Tschudi, Batr. p.94; Hallow. Journ, Ac. Philad, @) iii. p. 866; Strauch, Salam. p. 76. Desmodactylus scutatus, Dum. & Bibr. p. 118. —— melanostictus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 119.
Tongue free in its posterior third. Series of palatine teeth not extending outwards beyond the choane ; parasphenoid patches long, separated from each other and from palatine series by a distinct interspace. Head small; snout short, rounded ; eyes large, moderately prominent. Body cylindrical, elongate, measuring about thrice and a half the distance from tip of snout to gular fold. Limbs very weak ; fingers and toes very short, depressed, obtuse, united at the base; no carpal or tarsal tubercles. Tail subcylindrical at the base, compressed towards the end, longer than head and body. Anal opening longitudinal, the borders not swollen. Skin smooth; no parotoids; a strong gular fold; a groove from eye to latter ; thirteen costal grooves, joined to the vertebral line by other grooves, which are curved with the convexity backwards. Brown above; a series of light dots, sometimes confluent, along cach side of the back ; yellowish beneath, with round black spots. Total length .............. 76 millim.
From snout to cloaca ....... 36 CO, Mead ce .Gyiad daca aratows 7 «ss Width of head ..... ...... 43, Fore limb .....0 «2.0.2... SS, Hind limb................ Gi Tail «i agay salecea weaves: 40, United States—Rhode Island to Illinois, and to the Gulf of Mexico.
a. Adult. Niagara.
b. Adult. N. America. Prof. St. George Mivart [P.]. 2. Batrachoseps pacificus.
Hemidactylium pacificum, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1865, p. 195; Strauch, Salam. p. 76.
Batrachoseps pacificus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1869, p. 98, Differs from the preceding in the number of costal grooves (seventeen or eighteen) ; these are not prolonged dorsally. Brown ahove, yellowish beneath, uniform.
South California.
60 SALAMANDRIDE.
3. Batrachoseps nigriventris.
Batrachoseps nigriventris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1869, p. 98. Resembles the preceding in general proportions, but the limbs in more rudimental condition. Costal grooves twenty or twenty-one, extending to vertebral line, but not curved. Colour above deep brown, separated abruptly from the black of the lower surfaces; tail black. California.
a-b, Adult. Pataluma. Smithsonian Institution [P.]. 4. Batrachoseps attenuatus.
Batrachoseps attenuatus, Gray, Cat. p. 42. Salamandrina attenuata, Eschsch. Zool. Atlas, p. 1, pl. 21. f. 1-14. Batrachoseps attenuatus, Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Cope, Proce. Ac. Philad. 1869, p. 98; Strauch, Salam. p. 85.
Tongue, posterior half free; anterior attachment very delicate, easily torn. Palatine teeth in two very short series, not extending outwards beyond the inner margin of the choans, separated from parasphenoid patches ; latter confluent. Head small; snout short, rounded ; eyes moderately large. Body cylindrical, much elongate, measuring about four times the distance from tip of snout to gular fold. Limbs very weak; digits very short, rudimentary, united, Tail cylindrical, as thick as body, longer than head and body. Skin smooth, shining; no parotoids; a strong gular fold; twenty costal grooves; tail regularly ringed. Brown; a blackish band along each side of the body ; back with diagonal darker cross lines. Total length .............. 108 millim. From snout to cloaca ........ 41 ,, Head 30 beeen vee oan 63, Width of head.............. 5 Fore Hm: sa cayan monwaavays 6 Hynd! Mime -cos-sy xsnoe sac eaces Ts Vaal oye cae atar ar a cl e a hain vate 67, United States, Pacific district.
a-c, Adult, San Francisco.
d-g. Adult & her. California.
h-k, Adult & her. —-?
17, SPELERPES*.
Spelerpes, Rujin. Atlantic Journal, no. 1, p. 22 ( fide Baird); Baird, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) i. p. 283; Gray, bat. p. 43; Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad, 1869, p. 104; Strauch, Salam, p. 77. Geotriton, Bonap. Faun. Ital. ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 93 ; Gray, Cat. p. 47 ; Dum. § Bibr. ix. p. 111; Cope, 1. e. p. 102. Cylindrosoma, Tschudi, 1. c.
Oedipus, Tschudt, 1.c.; Gray, Cat. p. 47; Cope, lc. * Salamandra haldemani, Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. v. p. 59, pl. 18,—Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia,
17. sPELERPES. 61 Pseudotriton, Tschudi, 1. c. p. 9 Saurocercus, Fitz. Syst. Rept. i. 34. Batrachopsis, Fitz. 1. c.
Cylindrosoma, part., Dum. § Bibr. p. 76. Bolitoglossa, Dum. 7 Bibr. p. 88. Ocdipina, Keferst. Arch. f. Natur 'g. 1868, p. 299. Ophiobatrachus, Gray, Ann. § Mag. N.H. GS ii. p.297; Cope,.c. p.101. > Stereochilas, Cope, t.c. p. ‘100. Gyrinophilus, Cope, 1. c. p. 108. ' Tongue supported by the glossohyal pedicel, boletoid, free all round. Palatine teeth in two series converging backwards; parasphenoid teeth in one or two elongate patches. Toes five. North and Central America ; threo species in North-west South America ; one in the West Indies. Synopsis of the Species.
I. Limbs well developed.
A. Fingers and toes free; palatine teeth confluent with parasphenoid patches.
15-17 costal grooves ; no canthus rostralis ; red, black-spotted................... 1. ruber, p. 62: 17 costal grooves; no canthus rostralis ; almost black above, shaded with yellow ; a light, black-<margined band from axilla StOBTOMN: chi wiih evga. ceaeiewe ey wares 2. marginatus, p. 64. 16 or 17 costal grooves; canthus rostralis well marked; greyish brown above, canthus TOstralia paler sc ccae sd ava cae eee’ 3. porphyriticus, p. 6-4. B. Fingers and toes free; palatine teeth separated from parasphenoid patches, not extending exteriorly beyond choane. 13 costal grooves; tail very long; fingers and toes rather slender; yellow, blackspotted above; belly immaculate. ...... 4. longicauda, p. 64. 13 costal grooves; tail very long; fingers and toes short; back with three black longitudinal bands .................. 5. guttolineatus, p. 65, 13 or 14 costal grooves; tail hardly longer / than head and body, compressed ; yellow, with two latero-dorsal black lines ...... 6. bilineatus, p. 66. 21 costal grooves; tail subround; brown, : dorsal region darker ...............4. 7. multiplicatus, p. 67. 11 or 12 costal grooves; tail round; inner digits rudimentary, wing-like.......... 8. chiropterus, p. 67. C. Fingers and toes slightly webbed ; palatine teeth separated from parasphenoid patches, extending exteriorly beyond choane.
11 costal grooves; inner toe not distinct; uniform black ...... ee ee 9. cephalicus, p. 67.
62 SALAMANDRIDZ.
12 costal grooves; black, with lichen-like grey variegation .............00 ee eee 10. leprosus, p. 68. 12 costal grooves; black, with two series of yellow (or red) spots. .............45 11, bellit, p. 68. D. Fingers and toes extensively webbed, the tips, however, free.
10 or 11 costal grooves; series of palatine teeth extending exteriorly beyond choane ; brownish .............. uv eursncaur aca 12. fuscus, p. 69. 12 or 13 costal grooves ; series of palatine teeth extending exteriorly beyond choane ; 4 black, with whitish dots .............. 13. morio, p. 70. 12 costal grooves ; series of palatine teeth not extending exteriorly beyond choane ; black or brown, with pale specks ............ 14. adspersus, p. 70. E. Fingers and toes united to the tips. 1. Series of palatine teeth not extending exteriorly beyond choane.
12 costal grooves; body and tail short; _ brown, white-speckled beneath ........ 15. rufescens, p. 71. 13 costal grooves; body and tail long; uniform dark browp ............0e0eeeee 16. altamazonicus, 12 costal grooves; body and tail long ; _[p. 71. blackish, upper surfaces sprinkled with TOY?seesteccbaysttcnssisanteetecesssomeBesoucla17.yucatanicus,p.72. 2. Series of palatine teeth extending exteriorly beyond choane.
13 costal grooves; brown, sides blackish .. 18. infuscatus, p. 72. 12 or 13 costal grooves; blackish brown, back yellow or with yellow markings.... 19. variegatus, p. 73. 17 costal grooves; black, with white spots.. 20. parvipes, p. 74. II. Limbs extremely small, rudimentary ; body and tail wormlike.
13 or 14 costal grooves. ................ 21. lineolus, p. 74. 19 costal grooves ...... 6... eee eee 22. uniformis, p. 75. 1. Spelerpes ruber.
Spelerpes rubra, Gray, Cat. p. 45.
Salamandra rubra, Daud. Rept. viii. p. 227, pl. 92. £2; Holbr. N. ae ie v. p- 385, pl. 9; Dekay, N.Y. Faun., Rept. p. 80, ras maculata, Green, Journ. Ac. Philad. i. p. 350. —— subfusea, Green, i. c. p. 351.
—— tubriventris, Green, 1. c, p. 353 (nec Daud.). Pseudotriton subfuscus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 95. — ruber, Baird, Journ. Ac. Philad. (3) i, p. 286.
17. sPELERPES, 63 Bolitoglossa rubra, Dum. & Bibr. p. 89, pl. 93. f. 2. Pseudotriton flavissimus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 180. ial a ruber, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1869, p. 107 ; Strauch, Salam. p.83.
Larva:
Siren operculata, Pal. de Beauv. Amer. Phil. Trans. iv. p. 279, pl. —. £3.
Proteus neocesareanus, Green, 1. ep. 358. Series of palatine teeth extending outwards beyond choans, confluent with parasphenoid patches; latter well separated, diverging posteriorly. Head small, longer than broad, greatest width at angles of jaws ; snout short, rounded, without canthus rostralis ; eyes small. Body thick, cylindrical, elongate, measuring thrice and a half to four and a halftimes the distance from tip of snout to gular fold. Limbs short ; fingers and toes very short, obtuse, free ; no carpal or tarsal tubercles. Tail shorter than head and body, cylindrical at the base, strongly compressed and keeled at the end. Skin smooth, shining ; no parotoids; a strong gular fold; fifteen or sixteen costal grooves. Vermilion-red, the back sometimes brown, closely spotted with dark brown; the spots absent or reduced to dots on the lower surfaces.
3. g.
Total length .......... 120 166 millim. From snout to cloaca.... 69 90 _~—Co,, Head iewn rey eey 14 ss Width of head ........ 11 14 , Fore limb ............ 123 16 CO«, Hind limb ............ 16 ZL Peace bitty oh aercehig ces 51 76 ” United States—Eastern and Austro-riparian districts. a,b, c-e. bd, 2,& New York.
larvee.
Fg, h-l. 8, G,& Near Philadelphia. larvee.
m. Skeleton. Philadelphia.
n o. Pennsylvania.
v. Her. 8. Carolina, Prof. Verauxen [P.]. p-s. Q. N. America. Dr. J. Green [P.], tu. Q. N. America.
v-w, v-z. 3 & larve. N. America. Prof. St. George Mivart [P.1. a-B. 3 & larva. Mexico (?). 7 Vaz. montanus.
Pseudotriton montanus, Baird, Journ, Ac. Philad. (2) i. p. 298. Head more elongate, occiput more convex; tail longer; seventeen costal grooves.
Alleghany Mountains, from Pennsylvania to South Carolina, Mr. Cope (/.c.) distinguishes another variety, S. sticticeps (Baird, MS&.), from South Carolina, but does not characterize it.
64 SALAMANDRID.
2. Spelerpes ? marginatus.
Pseutlotriton marginatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 180. Stereochilus marginatum, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1869, p. 101. Spelerpes marginatus, Strauch, Salam. p. 83. Dentition as in S. ruber. Head small, depressed; no canthus ros- , tralis. Body slender, cylindrical. Extremities weak. Tail compressed, a little shorter than head and body. Costal grooves seventeen. Dark ash-colour above, almost black, shaded obscurely with yellow ; a lateral band of dusky white margined with black on each side near the abdomen, extending from the anterior to the posterior extremities; under parts dusky white, very minutely spotted or blotched with black. Total length 75 millim.
Georgia.
3. Spelerpes porphyriticus.
Spelerpes ? salmonea, Gray, Cat. p. 46. Spelerpes? porphyritica, zd. bid. ' aa ea porphyritica, Green, Contr. Maclur. Lye. i. 1827, p. 3, as salmonea (Storer), Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. v. p. 33, pl. 8; Dekay, N.Y. Faun., Rept. p. 76, pl. 16. £. 89, Triton porphyriticus, Holds. /. v. p. 88, pl. 28. Pseudotriton salmoneus, Baird, Journ, Ac. Philad. (2) i. p. 287. * Ambystoma salmoneum, Dum. & Bibr..p. 110. i Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1869, p. 108. Spelerpes salmoneus, Strauch, Salam. p. 88. Besides certain osteological peculiarities which have been pointed out by Cope (premaxillary bones remaining distinct, basal bones well separated, peculiar prootic squamosal crest) this species differs from S. ruber in the larger eyes and the presence of a distinct canthus rostralis, Sixteen or seventeen costal grooves. Purplish grey above, with small, rather indistinct darker marblings; canthus rostralis paler. Lower surfaces dirty white, with or without brown’ dots. Total length ........... .. 161 millim. From snout to cloaca ...... 95g, FGA Gis aissmexas-cnsin avec ea wecenceses a 16 OC, Width of head ............ UB ay Fore limb ................ 18g, Hind limb................ 21 5 TAU, sie esos argenencamarse as 66, Alleghany Mountains, from New York to Alabama. a-b. 9. Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Smithsonian Institution [P.]. 4. Spelerpes longicauda.
Spelerpes longicauda, Gray, Cat. p. 48. Salamandra longicauda, Green, Journ. Ac. Philad. i. p. 851; Holbr, N. Amer, Herp. v. p. 61, pl. 19; Dekay, N.Y. Faun, Rept. p: 78, pl. 17. f. 41.
17. SPELERPES, 65 Epeleapes lucifuga, Rajfin. Atlant. Journ. i, 1832, p. 22 (fide Baird). Cylindrosoma longicauda, Tschudi, Batr. By 98. , Spelerpes longicauda, Baird, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) i. p. 287; Cope, Proce. Ac, Philad, 1869, p. 107; Strauch, Salam. p. 82. Cylindrosoma longicaudatum, Dum. § Bibr. p. 78. Palatine teeth forming a short chevron, not extending externally beyond choanz, separated from parasphenoid patches by a large interspace; parasphenoid patches separated, scarcely diverging posteriorly. Head small, longer than broad, greatest width at angles of jaws; snout rounded, without canthus rostralis; eyes rather large. Body cylindrical, elongate, measuring from thrice to thrice and a half the distance from tip of snout to gular fold. Limbs short; fingers and toes rather slender, free ; no carpal or tarsal tubercles. Tail much longer than head and body, slightly compressed, keeled above, becoming very thin towards the end. Skin smooth, shining ; no parotoids; gular fold distinct, arched, with the convexity forwards; thirteen costal grooves. Yellow; upper surfaces with small black spots, which may be confluent in narrow cross bands on the tail; belly immaculate.
oe Q.
Total length............ 133 144 millim.
From snout to cloaca .... 49 50g, Head) siccics cae dames 63 94 94 i, Width of head.......... 7 Ge es Fore limb............4 14 LO S95 Hind limb ............ 16 16 C,, Daal 5.5 adiece eve were vas we 84 94 s(C«, United States—Eastern and Austro-riparian districts, except Texas. a,b. § & her. Ohio.
ec. Her. N. America. Dr. J. Green [P.].
d-e. $9. N. America. Edw. Doubleday, Esq. [P.]. f. do. N. America. Lord Ampthill [P.}.
g- &- N. America. Prof, St. George Mivart[P.]. A, Her. Mexico (?).
5. Spelerpes guttolineatus.
Spelerpes guttolineata, Gray, Cat. p. 45.
Salamandra guttolineata, Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. v. p. 29, ee ve Spelerpes guttolineatus, Baird, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) 1, p. 287 ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1869, p. 107; Strauch, Salam. p. 82. Cylindrosoma guttolineatum, Dum. § Bibr. p. 79. Very closely allied to the preceding, differing only in the shorter fingers and toes and coloration. Yellowish above; back with three black longitudinal bands, as wide as the interspaces between them; the two outer bands commence from the eye and extend along the side of the tail; a few light dots on these bands, one between each two costal grooves; greyish beneath, clouded with darker.
F
66 BALAMANDRIDZE, Total length ..............0-65 149 millim. From snout to cloaca .......... 54 Cy, TH GAO 23d scan charted au aangenieansash TL a Width of head ............. wate BE 3 Bore: HM: oscee se eg seacacsoespnnectia » IBD x5 Hind limb... 0.0... eee ee eee 16.—C«, TAT acs an sieieiadaceh hs tasnewe ate 9 4 North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. aod. N. America.
Bd. N. America. Prof. St. George Mivart [P.]. 6. Spelerpes bilineatus.
Spelerpes cirrigera, Gray, Cat. p. 44. Spelerpes bilineata, id. ibid.
Salamandra bilineata, Green, Journ. Ac. Philad. i. p. 852; Holbr. a Se gee v. p. 55, pl. 16; Dekay, N.Y. Faun., Rept. p. 79, . 23. f. 67. .
eas flavissima, Harlan, Amer. Journ. 1826, p. 286. cirrigera, Green, Journ. Ac. Philad, iv. p. 258; Holbr. 1. ce. . 53, pl. 15, Bedlernat bilineatus, Baird, Journ. Ac. Philad, (2) i. p. 287; Cope, Proc, Ac, Philad. 1869, p. 107; Strauch, Salam. p. 82; Cope, Amer. Nat. iv. p. 401.
cirrigerus, Baird, l. c.; Strauch, 1. c. Bolitoglossa bilineata, Dum. & Bibr. p. 91. Palatine teeth forming a short chevron, not extending externally beyond the choane, separated from parasphenoid patches; latter separated. Head small, longer than broad; snout rounded, without canthus rostralis; eyes rather large. Body cylindrical, elongate, measuring about thrice and a half the distance from tip of snout to gularfold. Limbs short; fingers and toes moderate, free; no carpal or tarsal tubercles. Tail as long as, or not very much longer than, head and body, compressed, keeled, ending in a point. Skin smooth, shining ; no parotoids; gular fold strong, arched, with the convexity forwards ; thirteen or fourteen costal grooves. Yellowish brown above, with two lateral dark brown bands, commencing from the eyes and extending along the tail; sometimes a very narrow dark brown vertical line; lower surfaces yellowish, immaculate. ee Bs Total length ............ 67 84 millim. ~ From snout to cloaca .... 35 38 Cy, Head one siwegcd wie wees 6 6 Width of head .......... 4 4. ,, Fore limb ............., 8 too Hind Mim Bs osc seesiekeanery os 10 Qs, Tall cpearetainiones chine 32 46