12 ORIENTAL CICADIDM.
11. PcEcilopsaltria coelebs. (Tab. I., tig. 12, a, h.)
I'latxjpleuia ca-lebs, Stai, Trans. Eut. Soc. Loud. ser. 3, vol. i. p. 573 (1863); Butl. Cist. Entom. vol. i. p. 188, n. 23 (1874) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beug. vol. liii. p. 213, n. 7 (1885) ; ibid. Iv. p. 146 (1886). Head ochraceous ; front, excluding a central spot, margins of vertex between front and eyes, and a transverse fascia between the eyes black ; pronotum pale castaneous, the posterior and lateral margins ochraceous; mesouotum castaneous, with four large obcouical black spots on anterior margin, the central two smallest, a central discal elongate black spot and a small black spot in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation; abdomen black, the tympanal coverings, and the posterior segmental margins ochraceous. Head beneath, sternum, legs, rostrum and opercula ochraceous ; a transverse fascia between the eyes—enclosing a pale spot on face—inner margins of eyes, posterior margin of face and apex of rostrum black : abdomen beneath castaneous, with the posterior segmental margins and the apes ochraceous.
Tegmina with about the basal half creamy opaque, shaded with pale fuscous, and more or less outwardly defined by an indistinct curved pale fuscous fascia, remaining area hyaline, costal membrane and venation dark ochraceous, the transverse veins at the bases of the second, third, fourth, fifth and seventh apical areas slightly infuscated ; wings stramineous for about two-thirds their area from base, this coloration outwardly margined with fuscous, remaining area pale hyaline, the venation diirk ochraceous. The rostrum extends a little beyond the inner angles of the opercula, which are somewhat well separated.
Long. excl. tegm. 22 to 23 millim. Exp. tegm. 64 to 68 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 11 millim. Hab. — Continental India: Dekhan (coll. Dist.). China: Chusan (Calc. Mus.). Three specimens are contained in the British Museum, but they are only labelled "East India." The species is probably widely distributed, but appears to be scarce in collections. 12. Poecilopsaltria nicobarica. (Tab. I., fig. 3, a, b.)
riatijideiua nicobarica, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. iv. vol. xix. p. 311 (1877) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 213, n. 5 (1885) ; ibid. Iv. p. 147, n. 6 (1886).
$ . Head and pronotum brownish-ochraceous ; anterior margin of front, a broad fascia between the eyes and the edges of the lateral dilated margins of the pronotum black ; mesonotum with four obconical black spots on anterior margin, the central two shortest, a central narrow lanceolate spot and a small spot in front of each anterior angle of the cruciform elevation, black ; abdomen blackish, the posterior segmental margins ochraceous. Head beneath, sternum, legs and rostrum ochraceous ; a narrow fascia between the eyes extending across anterior margin of face, central sulcation and posterior margin of face, black; abdomen beneath very dark castaneous, the posterior segmental margins ochraceous. Tegmina with about the basal half ochraceous and opaque, with two spots on costal membrane, a spot in basal cell, and two in radial area dark brownish ; remaining area of tegmina pale hyaline ; a pale brown fascia not quite crossing tegmina a little beyond the opaque area, an oblique brownish fascia extending across the apices of the upper three ulnar areas, and an irregular double series of brown spots near the apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas ; wings ochraceous, the outer margins and a transverse discal fascia near apex dark brownish, a spot on outer margin a little before inner angle creamywhite.
Var. a. (Tab. I., fig. 17.)
Plati/jjleura distincta, Atkinson, J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 233 (1885). Differing from typical examples by the somewhat smaller and less intense black markings on the upper side of head and thorax, and by the wings having the subapical discal fascia fused with the outer margin.
ORIENTAL CICADIDM. 13 Long. excl. tegm. 25 millim. Exp. tegin. 7G millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 14.V to 15 millim. Ilab. — NicoBAR Islands (Brit. Miis. — Calc. Mus. — coll. Dist.). We have no record as to the precise island, or islands, of the Nicobar group from which the specimens alluded to above have been derived. The species is allied to the following, — P. fulvigera, Walk., — but differs structurally by the width of the pronotal angles. According to my note-book, I once saw a specimen received from the Andaman Islands, but without more precise information it is unsafe to add that very prol)able habitat. 13. Poecilopsaltria fulvigera. (Tab. I., fig. 2, a, b, var.) Platypleurafulvhjcya, Walker, List Horn. i. p. 9, n. 14 (1850); ButL Cist. Eiit. i. p. 185, u. 9 (1874) ; Waterli. Aid Ident. Ins. t. 152, f. G.
Pcecilopsaltria fulvigera, Still, Berl. Ent. Zeitscbr. x. p. 169 (1866); Ofv. Vet-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 707, 1. $ . Head and pronotum ochraceous ; some linear markings on front, a broken narrow fascia between eyes, and tlie edges of the lateral dilated pronotal margins, black ; mesonotum pale castaneous, with four black obconical spots on anterior margin, of which the two central ones are smallest, a narrow lanceolate discal spot (not seen on specimen figured), and a small black spot in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation ; abdomen black, the posterior segmental margins ochraceous. Head beneath, sternum, legs and rostrum ochraceous ; a narrow fascia between eyes containing a small pale spot on anterior margin of face, inner margin of eyes and apex of rostrum black ; abdomen blackish, with the posterior segmental margins and the anal appendage ochraceous. Tegmina with the basal half ochraceous and opaque, with a spot at base followed by a transverse fascia and a few scattered spots, and a spot on costal membrane, dark brownish ; remaining area pale hyaline, with the venation, a broad transverse fascia at end of opaque basal area and a short oblique fascia on apices of first and second ulnar areas dark brownish ; the transverse vein at apex of third ulnar area infuscated, and some minute brownish spots near the apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas; wings ochraceous, the inner posterior margin and a short discal fascia near apex dark brownish. Tdr. a. — Wings having the subapical discal fascia fused with the outer margin, as in the specimen figured.
Long. excl. tegm. 2 . 23 millim. Exp. tegm. 68 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 13 millim. Hab. — Philippine Islands (Brit. Mus.— Stock. Mus.); Manilla (coll. Sign.). Celebes (Meyer — Dresden Mus.).
This species, which, as already pointed out, is allied to the preceding species, P. nicoharica, also varies in the same way as that species by the sometimes fused dark markings of the wings. The Philippine Islands are evidently the head-quarters of the species.* 14. Poecilopsaltria sphinx. (Tab. VIII., fig. 16, a, h, c.) Platijpleura sphinx, Walker, List Horn. i. p. 18, ii. 18 (1850) ; Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 188, n. 20 (1874) ; Atkius. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 218, n. 6 (1885) ; ibid. Iv. p. 145, n. 3 (1886). This species is only known to the writer by the types in the British Museum ; the original description is therefore here given : — " Body pale tawnj', tinged with white, clothed with short, whitish hairs ; head narrower than the fore-chest; crown adorned with two brown bands; face very slightly convex; mouth tawny, with a brown *AconsiderablenumberofCicadida;arerecordedfromtheseislands,Stal,bytheaidofSemper'scollection,having enumerated or described tweuty-eight species, which does not include some others described by WiJker.
.\t Zamboanga, Lord Geo.Campbelldescribesthewoodsas"alivewiththethrillingbuzzoflarf;eCicadas,rejoicingintheirnewskins,wlnletheoki oneswerestillstickiufjunderleavesandonthetrunksoftrees.YouthoughtyouhadcaughtaCicadaasleep,butitwasouly his empty outside."—' Log-letters from the Challenger,' 1st edit.
p.
238.
E
14 ORIENTAL CICADID^.
tip, reaching the hind-hips ; eyes not prominent ; feelers dark tawny ; fore-chest broadest in the middle ; hind-scutcheon much widened, and almost angular on each side ; scutcheon of the middle-chest adorned with four obconical dark brown marks, the outer pair long, the inner pair short and pointing towards two dots of the same colour ; hind border very slightly excavated ; abdomen obconical, a little longer than the chest ; opercula close ; drums of moderate size, nearly meeting, less than half the length of the abdomen ; legs pale tawny ; tips of the shanks darker ; claws pitchy, tawny at the base ; fore-thighs armed with tawny teeth, which hardly rise above the surface ; hind shanks beset with tawny spines whose tips are pitchy; fore wings whitish, brownish-tawny towards the base, and having elsewhere some irregular pale brown marks, which, here and there, include white spots ; veins yellow ; hind-wings brown, mostly yellowish-white towards the base, and having a large yellowish-white spot in the disk, white at the tips, and adorned with a white spot on the hind border, which elsewhere is brown ; flaps yellowish-white with broadbrownborders.
" Second marginal areolet as long as the first ; first cross-vein nearly straight, slightly slanting, forming a very slightly obtuse angle, parted from the second by about five times its length ; second nearly straight, very slanting, forming a very obtuse angle, much more than twice the length of the first ; third nearly straight, very slanting, forming a very acute angle ; fourth slightly curved, slanting, forming a slightly acute angle, a little more than half the length of the third ; fifth curved, forming a slightly acute angle. In the left wing of an insect of this species the third cross-vein is not more than half the length of that in the other wing."* Long. escl. tegm. 2 16 millim. Exp. tegm. 46 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 8 millim. Hab. — Continental India : North Bengal (Campbell, Warwick — Brit. Mus.).
A female specimen of this species contained iu the collection of the British Museum is here figured, and fig. 16, h, exhibits the under surface of the abdomen— showing opercula — of a male specimen in the same collection.
PU Tegmina nearly altogether opaque.
15. Poecilopsaltria semusta. (Tab. I., fig. 10, a, h.)
I'teciluiisaltnasemusta,Distant,Anu.&Mag.Nat.Hist.ser..'5,vol.xx.p.227(1887). <? . Body dull ochraceous ; head with the front and a broad fascia between the eyes black, the last containing the ocelli and two small ochraceous spots ; pronotum with two central, discal, somewhat triangular, black spots, the lowermost largest and broadest, on each side of which are three narrow, oblique, black fascite, or furrows, the lateral ampliated margins somewhat darker outwardly. Mesonotum with a large, black, central spot on anterior margin connected with the black margin of the basal cruciform elevation ; on each side of this central spot is a large, black, obconical spot, which nearly crosses the disk ; abdomen above dull castaneous, the segmental margins ochraceous. Head beneath with a broad black fasfia between the eyes; face ochraceous, the upper portion black, enclosing an ochraceous spot, the central suk-ation and transverse striations bright castaneous; body beneath ochraceous, with darker shadings; legs more or less tinged with castaneous; abdomen beneath as above; opercula brownish ochraceous, with the margins paler ; rostrum ochraceous, with the apex pitchy.
Tegmina brownish, with the following creamy markings : — a short, macular, transverse fascia near base ; a broad, irregular, transverse, macular fascia near centre ; between the fascia and apex are two spots near post-costal area, each divided by a vein, and an outer irregular series of submarginal spots ; at the bases of apical areas the transverse veins are shaded with dark castaneous. Wings brownish, some basal streaks and central macular markings ochraceous; marginal fringe very pale ochraceous. The rostrum about reaches the apex of the basal abdominal segment ; the opercula are angularly rounded, do not overlap, and are well separated from each other ; the face has a central, deep and broad, *Thedescriptionoftheseareoletsisvalueless.Theyarenotaltogetherconstantinform,and,iftheywere,afford little ch-.e to the identification of species.
ORIENTAL CICADWJE. 15 longitudinal sulcation extending through its lower two-thirds, and it is also transversely striated to that extent.
Long. excl. tegm. 18 millim. Exp. tegm. 55 milHm. Exp. pronot. angl. 10 millim. Hab, — China: Chusan (Calc. Mus.).
I have only seen one specimen of this well-marked and interesting species. IG. Poecilopsaltria westwoodi. (Tab. I., fig. 18, a, h.)
Plati/pleuiK ]i'estuon<lii, Still, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. ser. 8, vol. i. p. 571 I18G3); Bull. Cist. Ent. i. p. 186, II.13I187-1).
I do not possess this species, and the following is Stul's description : — " Remote sericea, pallide olivaceo-virescens vel flavescens, macula media fasciaque utrimque laterali verticis, macula vel fascia lata genarum, maculis nonnullis minutis thoracis, maculis quattuor l)asalibu8, duabus discoidalibus minoribus pone medium maculaque sublaterali oblongo-obtriangulari scutelh, fasciis basalibus segmentorum abdominis, dorsalibus latis, ventralibus angustis, tarsis anterioribus totis basique tarsorura posticorum, vitta exterioro tibiarum anticarum nee non alls nigro-fuscis aut nigris, harum fascia latissima irregular! media, limbum posteriorem haud attingeute, limboque testaceo-flaveseentibus ; tegminibus fuscescentibus, fascia obliqua prope basin sordide testaceo-flavescente, macula subcostali longe ante medium maculaque discoidali pallide testaceo-flaveseentibus, pellucidis, maculis nonnuUis majusculis pone medium in seriem transversam subcoutinuam dispositis, macula subcostali prope apicem, maculisque quattuor marginis apicalis vitreis, anastomosibus obscurius fusco-marginatis, areis apicalibus apice et prope apicem ad venas longitudinales maculis parvis geminis obscure fuscis notatis 2 . " PI. phihEnoicU, Walk.,* a qua PI. interna, V^&\k.* haud distingui potest, quoad formam thoracis affinis, aliter picta; differt prteterea statura minus crassa, capite proportionaliter latiore, ocellis plus duplo longius al) oculis quam inter se remotis, frontis sulco longitudiuali minus profundo, costa basin versus minus dilatata, maculis vitreis tegminum multo paucioribus et minoribus, genitalibus feminie magis productis, metasternique basi inter pedes intermedios magis producta."
Long. excl. tegm. 25 millim. Exp. tegm. 78 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 15 millim. Hab. — Ceylon (Hope Coll., Oxford — Calc. Mus.).
The male specimen here figured is in the collection of the Calcutta Museum. It is another of those rare species in Museums, which rather show the want of interest felt in these insects by collectors than the scarcity of the species itself.
17. Poecilopsaltria hilpa. (Tab. I., fig. C, a, h.)
Platypleum hilpa, Walker. List Hom. i. p. 6, n. 10 (1850) ; Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 185, n. G (1874); Atkins. J. A. S. Bang. vol. Iv. p. 149, n. 12 (1885).
Platypleura fcncstrata, Uliler. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. p. 282 (1861). PacUopsaltria hilpa. Still, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. x. p. 109 (1806).
Head and pronotum dark ochraccous ; a curved fascia on front, a spot above insertion of antennie, and a transverse fascia between eyes, black ; pronotum with a central discal longitudinal fascia, widened posteriorly, black, the extreme lateral margins also more or less infuscated; mcsonotum with four obconical spots on anterior mai'gin, the central two shortest, a central longitudinal lanceolate spot, and a small spot in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation, black ; abdomen black, the posterior segmental margins a little paler, the tympanal coverings ochraceous ; head beneath, sternum, opercula, legs and rostrum ochraceous ; a subquadrate black spot with its centre ochraceous on anterior margin of head between eyes and face; face black, its anterior margin ochraceous, the edges of the *=Platypleurarepanda,Linu.
16 ORIENTAL CICADIBM.
transverse striations castaneous, posterior margins of face, disk of mesosternum and basal margins of opercula blackish; abdomen beneath very dark castaneous, greyishly pilose, the posterior segmental marginspalecastaneous.
Tegmina nearly totally opaque, pale brownish, the costal membrane and venation ochraceous ; basal area and an ill-defined transverse or macular fascia crossing centre, pale creamy ochraceous, a transverse fascia at about one-third from apes and the marginal fringe creamy- white ; a double series— sometimes connected— of small pale brownish spots near the apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas. Wings pale ochraceous, outer margins, excluding anal area, and an oblique discal fascia— connected with the marginal fascia — dark brownish, a marginal spot near anal area pale creamy-white. The opercula meet at inner angles, but by a malformation they do not do so in the specimen figured (fig. 6, h); the rostrum just passes the posterior coxae.
Long. excl. tegm. 20 to '2-1 millim. Exp. tegm. 60 to 63 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 10^ millim, Hab.— China (Churchill— coll. Dist.) ; Hong Kong (Bowring— Brit. Mus.) ; Chusan (Calc. Mus.). This species seems clearly located in China, though I possess a specimen labelled "India," to which habitat I bestow no credence whatever. In a little-worked family like the Cicadidce, I have frequently acquired specimens with most erroneous locality labels, and the only surprise is that the older authors were not in this way more frequently led astray. 18. Poecilopsaltria ciliaris. (Tab. I., fig. 4, a, b.)
Cicada cilians, LinnsBus, Syst. Nat. ed. x. i. p. 436, n. 12 (1758) ; Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 155, n. 2 (1764); Syst. Nat. ed. xii. 1, 2, p. 700, n. 8 (1767) ; Oliv. Enc. Meth. v. p. 757, u. 52 (1790) ; Germ, in Then. Ent. Arch. ii. 2, p. 2, u. 18 (1830); Germ. Silb. Rev. Ent. ii. p. 78, b (1834). Cicada ocellata, Be Geer, Mem. iii. p. 220, n. 16, t. 33, f. 2, 3 (1773); Oliv. Enc. Meth. v. p. 751, n. 21 (1790). Cicada raria, Oliv. Enc. Metb. v. p. 766, u. 44 (1790).
Tettigoniamarmorata,Fabr.Syst.Ebyng.p.38,n.24(1808).
Cicada marmorata, Germ, in Thon. Arch. ii. 2, p. 2, u. 17 (1880).
Platypleura arctiata, Walk. Ins. Saund. Horn. p. 1 (1858); Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 184, n. 4 (1874). Platijpleura catocaloides, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. vol. x. p. 82, n. 1 (1867) ; Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 184, u.3(1874).
Platypleura ciliaris, Stal, Hem. Fabr. ii. p. 8, n. 2 (1869); Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forb. 1870, p. 707, u. 1 ; Butl. (part). Cist. Ent. i. p. 185, n. 7 (1874); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. Iv. p. 144, n. 2 (1886). Platypleura varia, Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 184, n. 5 (1874); (excl. habitat). Stoll,Cig.fig.147.
Body above greenish-ochraceous ; margins of front, area of ocelli, a central longitudinal fascia, two short curved discal fascias and the oblique furrows to pronotum, black ; mesonotum with four, sometimes six, obconical spots to anterior margin, the central two small, the outer two sometimes broken, thus forming four spots (as in specimen figured), a central lanceolate spot and a small spot in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation, black ; posterior segmental margins and the anal appendage black. Body beneath greenish-ochraceous, sometimes dark castaneous ; a spot at base of face, margins of apex of face, apices of the rostrum and tarsi, black.
Tegmina gi-eenish- or brownish-ochraceous, opaque, and greyishly pilose ; two spots on costal membrane, an oblique transverse fascia near base, two converging fasciae near apex and a doul^le or fused series of small spots near apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas dark brownish. Wings ochraceous, the outer margins, an oblique discal fascia near apex (sometimes connected with base), and sometimes the margins of the anal area chocolate-brown.
The opercula in the male very slightly overlap at their inner angles ; the rostrum reaches, but doea notpasstheposteriorcoxae.
OniEXTAL CICADID.E. I7 Lonj:;. excl. tegra. 21 to 2o millim. Exp. tegm. 62 to 70 raillim. Exp. pronot. angl. 11 to 12 millim. Hab.— Cochin China (coll. Dist.). Philippine Isles (Semper— Stock. Mus.) ; Ternate (V. Lansberg— Leyden Mus.). Moluccas : Amboyna (Wallace— Brit. Mus. ; Beccari— Genoa Mus. ; Hoedt— Leydeu Mus. ; Forbes — coll. Dist.) ; Ceram (Bruss. Mus. ; Wallace — Brit. Mus.).
This si^ecies is closely allied to the preceding, P. hilpa, from which it differs by the much darker and more opaque tegmina, but the structural differences are very slight, and I fully expect a long series of specimens from other localities will prove both to be but varietal forms of one species. Typical /'. hilpa is found in China, and typical P. ciliaris in the Moluccas, whilst my specimen, derived from Cochin China, is both intermediate in locality and somewhat intermediate in appearance.
Mr. Butler, in his "Monographic list" of the species of Platypkura, has fallen into obscurity over this species, for he keeps the P. catocaloidcs, Walk., and P. arcuata, Walk., as distinct species, though he states that the last is i^robably only a "local form" of the first. But as P. arcuata was described nine years before I.', catocahidcs, in classification the position should be reversed. Again, Mr. Butler has applied the name P. ciliaris, Linn., to an African species, apparently in ignorance that Stal, five years previously, had, in his ' Hemiptera Fabriciaxia,' identified and localised it as above.
19. Poecilopsaltria andamana. (Tab. I., fig. 9, a, h.)
Platypleurn iindatmnia, Distant, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend. 1878, p. 174 ; Atkins. .J. A. S. Beug. vol. liii. p. 214 n. 8 (1885); ibid. vol. Iv. p. 146, u. 5 (1886).
Platypleura ruepMorjIii, Atkins. J. A. S. Beug. vol. liii. p. 214, u. 9 (1885). Tawny, pubescent ; a spot on each side of front, and a transverse fascia between the eyes, black ; eyes dark shining castaneous ; pronotum with two very smaU foveate pitchy spots placed close to^^ether near centre of posterior margin; mesonotum with two large obconical spots on anterior mar<Tin and having between them on disk a narrow lanceolate longitudinal spot, a small spot in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation, and an obscure fasciate spot on each side of the central obconical spots, black ; abdomen blackish, the posterior segmental margins ochraceous and strongly and palelv pilose;bodybeneathandlegsbro^,^^lishochraceous.
Tegmina brown, opaque, with pale semi-opaque markings, especially on the apical half; basal third thickly covered with pale pubescence, and containing five dark brown spots, situate two in the radial area one at base of third, and two in fourth ulnar area ; remainder of tegmina less pubescent, with a number of greyish-white spots, of which the most prominent are a transverse series crossing tegmina at end of apical area, and another waved series commencing about middle of upper ulnar area, where they are very distinct beneath, the apical areas greyish-white ; a double row of small brown spots on and near the apices of the longitudinal veins to the apical areas ; a dull whitish spot on inner angle of outer margin, which /.< very prominent beneath. Wings very pale castaneous, with a dark brown outer margin, and some suffused darkbrowndiscalstreaks.
Long. excl. tegm. 22 to 2U millim Exp. tegm. 76^ to 84 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 14 millim. Hab. — Andaman Islands (Calc. Mus., Stock. Mus., coll. Dist.).
The figure is taken from a male specimen in the collection of the Calcutta Museum, the original description being that of the female sex only. It is a somewhat diflicult species to accurately describe, but it is very distinct and easily recognised. Accordiui^ to jireseut knowledge, it is quite confined to the Andaman Islands.
18 ORIENTAL CICADID.E.
Two species now remain to be enumerated, which are only known to the writer by the descriptions of the same, and in one case by a very indifferent figure. 20. PcEcilopsaltria affinis.
Tittiyutiia (ijfinis, Fabricius, Syst. Kliyng. p. 37, n. 22 (1803).
Cicada affinis, Germ, in Tlion. Ent. Arch. ii. 2, p. 1, n. 6 (1830) ; Silb. Eev. Ent. ii. p. 79, d (1834). Plat,/pleura a [finis, Walk. List Horn. i. p. 3, 7 (1850).
Fucilopstiltna affinis, Still, Hem. Fabr. ii. p. 4, n. 1 (1869) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 211, n. 2 (1885) ; ibid. Iv. p. 143, n. 1 (1886).
The following is Still's description, derived from an examiuatiou of the type : — " Pallide olivaceo-flavescens vel virescens ; loris, margine excepto, clypeo, carina excepta, maculis parvis iluabus apicalibus lineisque duabus transversis versus basin frontis, fascia genarum, macula ocellos includeute, maculis duabus ad oculos lineaque transversa interdum oblitterata verticis, linea latiuscula intramarginali laterali thoracis, maculis quattuor basalibus, mediis majusculis, vitta obliqua laterali angusta, postering abbreviata, maculisque tribus parvis posterioribus scutelli, limbo basali segmeutorum dorsi abdominis maculaque laterali segmeutorum quattuor ultimorum ventris nigris ; tegminibus opacis, flavo-albidis, fusco-nebulosis, macula media arese radialis maculaque medium arearum ulnarium primae et secundie occupante pallidioribus, areis apicalibus, exceptis area tota octava et partibus basali et apicali areffi primfe, vitreis, decoloribus, venis ulnaribus apice et prope apicem utrimque macula parva fusca notatis ; alis lutescentibus, vitta angusta parteque apicali extus late, intus angustius obscure fuscis, hac parte ad venas, limbo enervi areaque anali dilute lutescentibus.
"Caput obtusum, froute leviter convexa; parte verticis apicali laterali, inter frontem et oculos jacente ; frontis parte subbasali latitudine subsequali ; clypeo apice sinuato-truncato. Ocelli ab oculis quam inter se plus duplo longius remoti. Thorax lateribus valde angulato-dilatatus, angulis suberectis, apice imo rotundatis. Latera area ulnaris interioris pone medium subparallela. Metasternum elevatum, medio longitrorsum impressum, antice sinuatum. Limbus enervis tegminum et alarum teque latus. "Long. Corp. 23 millim. Exp. tegm. 77 millim.
" Patria : Indu orientalis (Mus. Lund.)."
21. Poecilopsaltria capitata.
Cicada capitata, Olivier, Euc. Metb. v. p. 754, 84, t. 112, f. 10 (1790). Stoll, Cig. p. 76, t. 19, f. 103.
It is quite possible that Olivier only described this species from StoU's figure : — " Elle a un pouce de longeur, depuis la tete jusqu'a I'anus, et trois et demi de largeur, lorsque les ailes sout etendues. Elle est noiratre. La tete est verdatre, tres-large ; les yeux sont gris ; les petits yeux lisses sont rouges. Le corcelet est brun anterieurement. Les elytres et les ailes sont transparentes, avec un pen de gris ; les elytres ont deux bandes noiratres, transversales ; la plus pres de I'extremite des elytres part de leur bord exterieur, et n'atteint pas le bord interne : on voit pres de I'exterieur de petites tacbes ou quelques traits noiratres. L'abdomen est conique et pointu. Les pattes sont brunes." Measurements taken from StoU's figure : — Long. excl. tegm. 32 millim. Exp. tegm. 100 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 17 millim. Hab.—"Ceylon."
I have not reproduced StoU's figure, as it is evidently of an imperfect nature, and Olivier's figure is merely a copy of that of Stoll. It is clearly allied to the P. suhrufa, Walk.
OniKXTAL CICADID.E. 19 Genus PLATYPLEURA.
J'laUjplfiirii, Amyot & Serville, Hist, ties Hem. p. 465 (1843); Stiil, Hem. Afr. vol. iv. pp. 2 & 9 (18G6); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. Iv. p. 144 (1886).
OxypUiira, Amyot & Serville, Hist, des Hem. p. 469 (1843).
General characters of Pcecilopsaltria, but distinguished from that genus by having the head, including eyes, not or scarcely broader than the base of the mesonotum.
This genus has a wide and almost conterminous distribution with that of Pacilopsaltria. It is found in tropical and subtropical Africa, where it is most abundant and largely represented, exists more sparingly in the Oriental region, and enters the Palssarctic fauna at Japan. My catalogue of this genus enumerates thirty-four species, but of these five only are found in this fauna, thus being in marked contradistinction to the preceding genus, as Platijplcttra is focussed in the Ethiopian, as PacilopsaUi-ia was shown to be in the Oriental region. Here we have two genera closely allied, but separated by the relative widths of the head and mesonotum. In Africa the more contracted head is in the ascendancy, and Plat ij pleura is the dominant genus, whilst in the Oriental region the positions are reversed, and Piecilopsaltria, with the widened head, reigns supreme. Such facts find their place in the ever-increasing evidence for what is usually called the " Darwinian theory," and although their bearing or explanation is not at once seen, they become part and parcel of the great "case" which is now being so widely recognised by naturalists and students of all orders and of diverse views.
A. IViiiiin, excluding margin, opaque.
1. Platypleura repanda. (Tab. I., fig. 7, a, h.)
Ciaida rciHindii, Liuuffius, Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 707, n. 17 (1707); Mas. Lud. Ulr. p. 159, n. 6 (1764); Gmel. ed. Syst. Nat. i. 8, p. 2097, n. 17 (1782) ; Oliv. Enc. Metb. v. p. 754, u. 36 (1790) ; Germ. Then. Arch. ii. p. 220 (1830); Silb. Rev. Ent. u. p. 78 (1834).
Tettiyonia repanda, Fabr. Sp. lus. ii. p. 321, n. 16 (1781); Maut. Ins. ii. p. 267, n. 20 (1787) ; Ent. Syst. iv. p. 23, 24 (1794); Syst. Rbyng. p. 41, n. 39 (1803).
Fidiciiia.' repanda, "Walk, (part), List Horn. i. p. 90, n. 22 (1850).
Platyp'eura iihahnioideit, Walk. List. Horn. i. p. 4, n. 9 (1850); Butl. Cist. Eut. i. p. 186, u.ll (1874); Stal, Ofv. Vet. Ak. Forb. 1862, p. 480; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 211, n. 3 (1885). Platypleura intana, Walk. List Horn. iv. p. 1119, n. 30 (1852).
Platypleura n-panda, Atkins. J. .\. S. Beng. vol. Iv. p. 150, n. 14 (1886); Dist. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa, ser. 2a, vol.vi.p.453(1888).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greenish-ochraceous, with the following black markings : — head with a spot on each side of base of front, a narrow transverse waved fascia between ej'es, and some spots on disk of vertex ; pronotum with a central longitudinal fascia, widened posteriorly, some curved fascia behind eyes, and the anterior portion of the dilated lateral margins ; mesonotum with four obconical spots on anterior margin— the central ones shortest — a lanceolate central discal spot and a small spot in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation. Abdomen blackish, clothed with yellowish pile, and the posterior segmental margins ochraceous. Head and sternum beneath thickly clothed with yellowish pile ; the longitudinal sulcation, and some of the transverse striations to face, black ; legs pale castaneous, femora with a dark spot at base and apex ; opercula black, the outer margin narrowly ochraceous ; abdomen beneath black, clothed with yellowish pile.