42 ORIENTAL CICADIBM.
anterior lateral angles of vertex ; eyes brownish ; ijrouotum with a narrow, black, lateral marginal fascia ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, apices of posterior tibise infuscated. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation pale greenish ochraceous. The rostrum reaches the intermediate coxae ; the opercula are very narrow, slightly curved outwardly, concave on each side near base, the apex broadly convex and extending to about half the length of the abdomen.
$ . Abdomen with a lateral marginal black fascia on each side. Long. excl. tegm. <? , 26 millim. Exp. tegm. 7'2 milHin. Hab. — Continental India: Karwar (Atkmson — Calc. Mus.) ; Neelgiri Hills, southern slopes, 8000 feet (Hampson—coll. Dist.).
B. emanatura is another distinctly-marked species, the black lateral margin to the pronotum and the narrow opercula being good differential characters. This does not appear to be an abundant species. For some time I possessed only a female specimen sent me, by my good friend Mr. Hampson, from the Neelgiri Hills, but eventually I also obtained the loan of a single male specimen, collected at Karwar, belonging to Mr. Atkinson, and was thus enabled to describe it. 6. Dundubia? aerata. (Tab. VI., fig. 7, a, h.) Dunduhia arata, Distant, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. i. p. 292 (1888). Body above resembling D. mannifera, Linn., but much larger; beneath with the opercula small, narrow, concavely sinuated towards the middle, their apices obtusely rounded and reaching the third abdominalsegment(rostrummutilated).* Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, their apical areas (especially those of tegmina) suffused with bronzybrown.
Long. excl. tegm. 50 millim. Exp. tegm. 120 millim. Hab. — Borneo: Elopura (Fryer — coll. Dist.). This is the largest species of the genus ? at present known to science, and a distinctive colour peculiarity is the bronzy suffusion on the apical areas of the wings and tegmina, especially on the last.
I am indebted to Mr. W. B. Pryer for a single male specimen. b. Opercula narnnv and eloiujate, their ajnces acutely pointed. 7. Dundubia intemerata. (Tab. IV., fig. 1, a, h.) Dundubia intemerata. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. vol. i. p. 84, n. 5 (1856) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 224, n. 42 (1885).
Body above green, ochraceous, or with the abdomen alone ochraceous. Ocelli red, eyes dark castaneous or fuscous. Rostrum, cosas, tarsi and apices of tibiae ochraceous ; apex of rostrum and the tarsal claws black.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline; extreme bases, venation and costal membrane of the first greenish-ochraceous.
The opercula are elongate and narrow, their apices acutely pointed, and their outer margins strongly andconcavelysinuate.
In this species the rostrum about reaches the posterior coxae, thus nearly affording a character belonging to the succeeding genus CosinopsaUria, but the structure of the head, combined with the unspotted tegmina, locate its position in the genus Dundubia. *Possessingbutonespecimenofthisspecies,Ihavebeencompelledtoanticipatethelengthoftherostrum,inorder toplaceitineitherthegeneraDuyidtMaorCosmopsaltria,towhichitundoubtedlybelongs.Fromothercharacters,Ihave thought it to belong to the first-named genus, but mo*e specimens are necessary for exact generic determination.
ORIENTAL CTCADID^. 43 Long. excl. tegm. <? , 28 to 30 millim. ; ? , 26 to 28 millim. Exp. tegm. ^ , 78 to 85 millim. ; 2 , 74 to 78 millim.
Hab.— Continental India : Seebsagar (Calc. Mus.) ; Assam, Margberita (Doberty— coll. Dist.) ; Khasi Hills (Cbennell— coll. Diet.). Tenasserim : Myitta in the Valley (Doberty— coll. Dist.). Malay Peninsula : Malacca (Wallace — Brit. Mus.).
This species is most variable in coloration, resembling in that respect D. mannifera, but the extraordinary shape of the opercula— a perfectly constant character— renders its identity at once discernible.
Genus COSMOPSALTEIA.
Cosmopsaltria, Still, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 5 (18GG) ; Atkius. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 226, n. 53 (1885). Sub.-gen.Flatylomia,Cosmopsaltria,andDiceropyya,Stal,Ofv.Vet.-Ak.Forli.1870,p.708note. Closely allied to Dundubia, but witb the rostrum always reaching and sometimes passing the posterior C0X8B ; the head also generally has the front not twice as broad at the base as the anterior margins of the lobes of vertex. Opercula long, reaching centre and sometimes the apex of the abdomen. This is a most unsatisfactory genus to define, and may be taken as a good example of the artificiality of some generic creations, though serving a useful purpose in classification. The length of the rostrum is really the only universal character separating CiKsiiwpsaltria from Dumlithia, though many of its species have, in the shape of the head, a good distinctive characteristic. A number of its species have also unspotted tegmina, a feature of Dundubia, though more diverge considerably from this character. It might therefore be more strictlv accurate to treat Cosmopsaltria as a subgenus or section of Dundubia ; but as the former already contains an exceedingly large number of species, I have preferred, for the pm-poses of more easy identification, — an object of the present monograph, — to retain the two generic creations as distinct. For the above reasons I have been compelled to transfer several species I described under Dundubia to this genus.
Still proposed (supra) three subgenera of Cosmopsaltria, but the study of a large number of species has shown that these nuist be considerably increased in number to be of any value, and I have found them capable of being somewhat clearly reduced to sections by other characters than those on which Sti'il relied.
Cosmopsaltria is distributed throughout our faunistic area, and is also found in the Australian and parts of the Pacific Regions.
A. Head witli tite front globoscly produced as in Dundubia.
a. Opercula more or less constricted on each side near base and with their apices rounded. b. Tegmina ttnspotted. .
1. Cosmopsaltria amicta. (Tab. VIII., fig. 4, a, b.)
J iiiiulul'iii iiDiiftd, Distiiut, Auu. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. iii. p. 51 (1889). Body above brownish-ochraceous. Head with strife to front and two central longitudinal lines, a broad oblique fascia on each side of vertex between eyes and ocelli, and the area of the ocelli black. Pronotum with two central longitudinal black hues, anterior margin and the inner edge of the posterior margin black; posterior and lateral margins paler in hue, the last crossed by an oblique black fascia emerging from behind the eyes. Mesonotum with live black fascia', one central and longitudinal, two short and
44 ORIENTAL CICADIDM.
directed obliquely inwardly, and one (largest) on each lateral area, but not reaching anterior margin, a black spot in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation. Body beneath and legs brownish-ochraceous, femora more or less streaked with black ; the tibiae, tarsi, apex of rostrum, a spot between face and eyes and the apical margin of face black.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation fuscous.
The opercula extend to about half the length of the abdomen, are concavely constricted on each side near base and then convexly widened, with their apices rounded.
Long. excl. tegm. <? , 48 millim. Exp. tegm. 115 millim.
Hab. — Continental India: Karwar (Calc. Mus.).
2. Cosmopsaltria nagarasingna.* (Tab. IV., fig. 14, a, h.)
Dunduhia nayarasimjna. Distant, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 635 ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 225, n.51(1885).
^ . Body above castaneous. Head with centre of front and an oblique fascia on each side of ocelli ochraceous. Pronotum with a central fascia and the lateral and posterior margins ochraceous. Mesonotum with two anterior central obconical spots denoted by black margins ; margins of basal cruciform elevation ochraceous. Abdomen with the basal half sparingly clothed with greyish pile, the apical half much more densely so, and with a broad lateral fascia of greyish pile on each side. Body beneath, with the sternum, legs and opercula, pale ochraceous; abdomen pale castaneous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline ; costal membrane of tegmina ochraceous.
Head broad, including eyes subequal in width to base of pronotum, and wider than mesonotum ; the face is very tumid, the centre longitudinally sulcated for half the length, and sides transversely striated ; rostrum reaching apex of posterior coxaj ; opercula long, reaching base of last abdominal segment, narrowest and with the edges concave from base to commencement of second abdominal segment, from which they are somewhat suddenly widened with the edges convex; apex somewhat narrower and rounded. Anterior femora with two long ochraceous spines ; posterior tibiae with two long black spines, somewhat close together on inner margin near apex, and two much wider apart on outer margin. Long. excl. tegm. 84 to 38 millim. Exp. tegm. 88 to 95 millim.
Hab.— Burma (Bingham— coll. Dist.) ; N.W. Districts (coll. Dist.). Tenasseeim : Myitta in the Valley (Doherty— coll. Dist.). Cochin China (coll. Signoret).
3. Cosmopsaltria larus. (Tab. 5, fig. 1, a, h, and var. Tab. IV., f. 13.) Dunduhia lams, AValker, List Horn., Suppl. p. 7 (1858).
Cicada—" The Knife-Grinder," Emerson Teiinent, Nat. Hist. Ceylon, p. 432, fig. (1861). Head and thorax above greenish-ochraceous ; abdomen pale castaneous. Head with the lateral areas of face, the area of the ocelli, an angulated fascia in front of eyes, and two small spots on posterior margin near eyes, black. Pronotum with two central, longitudinal, angulated and connected black linear fasciae, on each side of which is a short curved discal fascia, the incisures and the edges of lateral margins also black. Mesonotum with five black fasciae, one central and longitudinal, two short and angulated, and the outer two longer, but very irregularly shaped and angularly curved ; a black spot in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation. Abdomen with some central black discal spots. Head beneath, sternum, legs and opercula ochraceous or greenish-ochraceous; apices of anterior femora, bases and apices of anterior and intermediate tibiae, bases of posterior tibiss and anterior and intermediate tarsi black. Abdomenbeneathpalecastaneous.
Tegmnia and wings pale hyaline, the venation ochraceous or greenish, in some places black. *Nagarasingna,thefirstconqueringBm-meseking,-n-hoissaidtohavesubduedArracan.—(Rev.F.Mason, 'Tenasserim,' p.
450).
ORIENTAL CICADID.E. iS The opcrcuLa are long, about reaching the penultimate segment of the abdomen, concavely constricted on each side near base, and with their apices narrowly rounded.
Long. excl. tegm. 3 , 32 to 38 millim. Exp. tegm. 84 to 100 millim.
Hah.— Continental India : Bombay (Leith— coll. Dist.) ; Neelgiri Hills, Koonoor GOOO ft. (Hampson— coll. Dist.). Ckylon (Templeton — Brit. Mus.).
There can l)e no doubt that this is the species figured by the late Sir J. Emerson Tennent, in his 'Natural History of Ceylon,' and named by him "The Knife-gi-inder," and which he describes as " resting high up on the bark of a tree, make the forest re-echo with a long-sustained noise so curiously resembling that of a cutler's wheel that the creature producing it has acquired the highly appropiate name of the ' Knife-grinder.' " * 4. Cosmopsaltria bocki.f (Tab. IV., fig. 11, a, h.)
Duiidubia bocki, Distant, Enfc. Mouth. Mag. vol. xis. p. 159 (1882).
Head and thorax above dull ochraceous or olivaceous: abdomen, above and beneath, castaneous. Head with the area of the ocelli black ; eyes castaneous, speckled with ochraceous. Pronotum with two small black spots at centre of anterior margin, the lateral and posterior margins somewhat paler, the last inwardly and outwardly narrowly edged with black. Mesonotum with two central, contiguous, obconical spots, their bases situate on anterior margin, the outer margins very pale and bordered outwardly at base— and inwardly— broadest at apex— with black ; four sub-basal black spots situated one on each side of the anterior angles of the basal cruciform elevation, which is somewhat paler. T\nnpana ochraceous. Head beneath, rostrum, sternum, legs, and opercula ochraceous ; apex of rostrum black ; anterior tibi», bases, apices, and a subapical annulation to intermediate and posterior tibiae, fuscous. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline ; tegmina with the veins and costal membrane dull ochi-aceous, and the claval area inwardly margined with dark fuscous; wings with most of the veins dull ochraceous, afewbeingfuscous.
The body is elongate ; the face is prominent and globose, transversely wrinkled and with a deep and broad central longitudinal sulcation ; the opercula are long, about reaching the penultimate abdominal segment, concavely constricted on each side near base, and then broadened and convexly rounded, the apex beingbroadandrounded.
Long. excl. tegm. 3 , 44 millim. Exp. tegm. 123 millim.
Hab.—Sumatra (Bock—coll. Dist.).
5. Cosmopsaltria similis. (Tab. V., fig. 10, a, h.)
Dmdubia similis, Distant, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol, i. p. 292 (1888). Head and thorax above pale greenish ; abdomen pale castaneous. Head with the area of the ocelli somewhat blackish ; eyes castaneous, mottled with fuscous, posterior margin very narrowly ochraceous. Mesonotum with a central black longitudinal Unear fascia, on each side of which is a short obli«iue black fascia, which is crossed and partly obliterated by a narrow curved ochraceous fascia ; a black spot near each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation. Abdomen above with a short, broad oblique fascia of greyish-white pile on each side at base. Head beneath, sternum, legs and opercula pale greenish or greenish-ochraceous. Abdomen beneath pale dull castaneous ; apex of rostrum black. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation greenish-ochraceous, in some places black ; costal membraneofthetegminagreenish.
*'NaturalHistoryofCeylon,'p.432.
tKameJafterCarlBock,authorof'TheHeadHuntersofBorneo,"&c.,andbywhomthisspecies^ascaptured. N
46 OEIENTAL CICADIDM.
The opercula do not reach the penultimate abdominal segment, are only moderately constricted on each side near base, and have their apices broadly but obtusely rounded.
Long. excl. tegm. S , 50 millim. Exp. tegm. 122 milhm.
Hab. — Continental India : Sikkim (Calc. Mus. ; coll. Dist.) ; Assam (Calc. Mus.). C. similis is closely allied in general appearance and markings to C. radha, Dist., a species which, from the totally different structure of the opercula, I place in another section of the genus.
6. Cosmopsaltria oopaga.* (Tab. V., fig. 9, a, h.)
Cosmopsaltria oopaga, Distant, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1881, p. 610; Atkius. J. A. S.Beng. vol. liii. p. 227, n.58(1885).
Head dull ochraceous. Posterior lateral margins of front black ; two basal ocelli surrounded with black, which extends to posterior margin. Pro- and meso-notum pale olivaceous ; the first with a central longitudinal ochraceous fascia, bordered with black, which is widest anteriorlj', and rounded, with the black lines continuous posteriorly. Mesonotum with two obconical spots, bordered with black on anterior margin, followed by a small black spot and an anterior lateral fascia ; a ciirved basal fascia and a small si^ot on each frontal side of cruciform elevation of the same colom-. Abdomen dull ochraceous, inclining to olivaceous, with the lateral sides sparingly covered with greyish pubescence, and with an indistinct lateral segmental row of fuscous spots. Underside of body pale ochraceous or olivaceous. Tegmina and wings pale hj'aline.
The body is broad and somewhat depressed, the abdomen narrowing at apex. The head, including eyes, is narrower than base of pronotum, and but little wider than mesonotum. The rostrum about reaches the apex of the first abdominal segment. The opercula, which almost reach the apex of the fourth abdominal segment, are situated on the lateral sides of abdomen, and are much wider aj^art at base than at apex ; they are concavely narrowed on each side near base, and are then widened and convex on each side to apex, which is broad and rounded, the extreme apex being on outer margin. The face is globose, with a curved black fascia at base, and a central longitudinal sulcation ; it is profoundly transversely striated, the interstices being very broad.
Long. excl. tegm. 39 millim. Exp. tegm. 96 millim.
Hab.—Burma (coll. Dist.).
I have unfortunately no more precise locality for this species.
7. Cosmopsaltria andersoni.f (Tab. V., fig. 6, a, h.)
Cusmopsaltria andersoni, Distant, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. ii. p. 170 (1883). Head olivaceous. Lateral margins of front, area of ocelli, and a small spot on each side of same black. Pro- and mesonotum olivaceous, the first with a central longitudinal ochraceous fascia, bordered with black, widest anteriorly, and compressed about centre, and with a small curved black line behind the eyes ; mesonotum with two obconical spots bordered with black on anterior margin, on each side of which is a small discal black streak and a long curved black spot on each side of base near anterior angles of cruciform elevation, which are also black. Abdomen dull dark ochraceous. Underside of body pale ochraceous ; annulation to anterior femora near their apices, upper surfaces and ajiices of anterior *ShinOopaga,orOopagoh;bytheBurmeseauniversallyhonouredpayah-nge,orlesserdivinity,whoforhaving carriedofftheclothesofabatherinapreviousexistenceiscondemnedtoliveatthebottomoftheriverinakyee-pya-that, abrazenspire,wherehezealouslykeepsthesacreddays,andwillremaininthosequarterstillAreemadehya,thenextBuddha, shallcome.Thenhewillbesetfree,andenteringthethengawillbecomeaj-ahauda,andattainNeh'ban{cf.Capt.Forbes, 'Brit.Burma,'p.194).—(ShwayYoe,'TheBurmau,hisLifeandNotions,'vol.i.p.'272). fNamedafterDr.JohnAnderson,lateSuperintendentoftheIndianMuseum,Calcutta,towhosezoologicalenterprise inMerguianditsArchipelago,weareindebtedfortheknowledgeofthisspecies.
ORIENTAL CICADIDJE. 47 tibife, bases and apices of intermediate and posterior tibia3, tarsi, apex of rostrum, and apical portion of the last abdominal segment black.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the first with the costal membrane and basal portion of venation ochraceous, remaining portion of venation more or less shaded and marked with black or olivaceous and with a black claval streak ; wings with the veins black or ochraceous, and outer claval margin and an inner claval streak fuscous.
The body is broad and somewhat depressed, the abdomen above moderately pilose. The head, including outer margins of eyes, is subequal in width or a very little narrower than base of pronotum. The rostrum about reaches the centre of first abdominal segment. The opercula are long, strongly compressed and concave near base, and then widened and convex on each side, but narrowing at their apices, which reach the base of the last alidominal segment. The face is swollen and tumid, with a narrowcentral longitudinal sulcation and strong transverse striations, the interstices of which are very broad. Long. excl. tegm. 32 millim. Exp. tegm. 88 millim.
Hab.—Tenasserim : Mergui (Anderson—coll. Dist.).
This species is allied to C. oopaga, Dist., from which its smaller size and greater length of opercula at once distinguish it.
8. Cosmopsaltria jacoona. (Tab. V., fig. 3, a, b.)
Cosmoiisiillria Jdcoomi, Distant, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. C, vol. i. p. 295 (1888). Allied to C. ooparia, Dist., and very similar above in colour and markings. Differs from that species by the size and shape of the opercula, which are longer,—reaching the penultimate abdominal segment,— narrower, and with their apices somewhat angularly rounded.
Long. excl. tegm. 37 millim. Exp. tegm. 98 millim.
Hab. — Malay Peninsula: Johore (Calc. Mus.). Borneo (coll. Dist.).
bb. Tegmina icith the transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas infuscated. '/^f -^ 9. Cosmopsaltria majuscula. (Tab. VII., fig. 8, a, h.)
Dunduiiii majnscuhi, Distant, Aun. Mus. Civ. Genoa, ser. 2 a, vol. vi. p. 521 (1888). Body above warm-ochraceous. Head with the front, — excepting base and apex, — the area of the ocelli, and a larger spot on inner margin of eyes, dark castaneous ; eyes ochraceous, with their inner area olivaceous. Pronotum with a broad central longitudinal castaneous fascia and a small castaneous spot near anterior lateral margin. Mesonotum with five blackish fasci«, the central one very slender and joining a triangular fascia in front of basal cruciform elevation, on each side of the central fascia is a short and broader one, and the lateral fasciae are long, broad and slightly cm"ved. Abdomen above ochraceous. Body beneath ochraceous ; the face blackish, with a central ochraceous spot near anterior margin, and a black marginal spot between eyes and face ; legs pale castaneous, the inner margins of anterior femora blackish, anterior and intermediate tibiae and tarsi somewhat darker castaneous, the posterior tarsi ochraceous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation ochraceous, but becoming fuscous towards apical areas ; the tegmina with the costal margin fuscous beyond base of upper ulnar area, and the transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas infuscated.
The body is long and broad ; the rostrum reaches the posterior coxse ; the opercula are slender and placed widely apart, concave on each side beyond base, but very slightly so outwardly, the apices rounded and reaching the fourth abdominal segment.
48 ORIENTAL CICADID.E.
Long. excl. tegm. <y , 52 millim. Exp. tegm. 132 millim.
Hab.—Celebes : * Meuado (A. A. Bruiju—Genoa Mus.).
10. Cosmopsaltria latilinea. (Tab. IV., fig. 15, a, h.)
Dunduhiit latilinea, Walker, Joum. Linn. Soc, Zool. vol. x. p. 85, n. 12 (1867). Cosmopsaltriapadda,Dist.Ann.&Mag.Nat.Hist.ser.5,vol.xx.p.229(1887).
Head olivaceous; front with the margins and a central fascia black ; vertex with three black fasciae, one on each side behind the eyes, and one central containing the ocelli and a small angulated black marginal spot near bases of antennre; eyes dull castaneous. Pronotum olivaceous-green, with a central longitudinal ochraceous fascia margined with black, a black submarginal fascia, and the extreme margin ochraceous. Mesonotum olivaceous-green, with five longitudinal black fasciae all more or less margined with ochraceous, situate one central and longest extending right across disk and attenuated anteriorly; on each side of this is a shorter fascia extending from anterior margin to about centre, followed again by a long and broader fascia a little before each lateral margin ; a small black spot in front of the anterior angles of the cruciform elevation, which is also more or less olivaceous. Abdomen above piceous, more or less clothed with fine greyish pilosity, the tympana and some lateral shadings olivaceous. Head beneath and sternum olivaceous, frontal margin between the eyes black; sternum more or less greyishly pilose; legs olivaceous, an apical annulation to anterior femora, the under surfaces of intermediate and posterior femora, more than apical half of anterior tibije, and about apical third of intermediate and posterior tibiae and the tarsi black. Opercula olivaceous, the inner margin and about apical two-thirds (not quite reaching outermargin)black. Abdomenbeneathpiceous,moreorlessgreyishpilose.
Tegmina pale hyalme, narrowly olivaceous at extreme base, the venation alternately brownish olivaceous and piceous, the costal membrane olivaceous, two subapical piceous spots situate on the transverse veins at bases of the two upper apical areas, and some minute submarginal piceous spots. Wings pale hyaline, narrowly olivaceous at extreme base, the costal margin ochraceous for about half itslength.
The opercula about, or almost, reach the base of the last abdominal segment, are concavely narrowed near base, and ampliated and rounded towards apex; the face is narrowly sulcated for about half its length, and possesses strong transverse ridges; the anterior femora are armed with three spines beneath, onenearcentre,twonearapex,theapicalonesmallest.
Long. excl. tegm. c? , 34 to 38 milHm. Exp. tegm. 94 to 103 millim.
Hab.— Malay Peninsula: Penang (Brit. Mus. ; Eev. L. C. Biggs— coll. Dist.). 10a. Cosmopsaltria lauta (C. latilinea, var, ?). (Tab. V., fig. 8, a, b.) Cosmopsaltrialauta,Distant,Ann.&Mag.Nat.Hist.ser.6,vol.i.p.293(1888). Head and thorax above ochraceous, with the following black markings : — Head with a central fascia to front, vertex with a central double fascia and a sinuated fascia behind each eye ; pronotum with a central double fascia united at base, a large sublateral spot on each side, and a spot beneath on basal margin ; mesonotum with a central longitudinal fascia, on each side of which is a short and somewhat oblique fascia, followed by a small spot on anterior margin and a broad, sublateral, irregular fascia, and a spot in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation. Abdomen purplish red, the posterior segmental margins ochraceous, excepting those near apes, which are piceous, and with a central *TheCicadida:ofCelebeshavestilltobecollected,forthoughtheislandshavebeenvisitedbyseveralexcellent naturalists, the msects described in this monograph have not greatly engaged their attention.
That they exist in numbers maybegatlieredfromtheremarkofDr.A.Adams,that"IntheforestsofCelebes"isheard'"theeternalringingsongof theshrillCicada."—('NotesonNat.Hist.;Voy.H.M.S.Samarang,'vol.ii.p.2C8). "TheCentralContinentoftheislandhasnotyetseenthefaceofthewhiteman,andbyfarthegreaterpartofthe tourpeninsulasisalmostunknownandundescribed;infact,theonlypartswhicharethoroughlyexploredandutilisedby iLuropeansarenotmuchlargerinareathantheIsleofWightandtheIsleofMan."—(SydneyJ.Hickson,'ANaturalistin North Celebes,' p. 3). ^ J J
ORIENTAL.CICADID^ TAi-