ORIENTAL ClCADlD^e ^^^ ^, HormM K.mV>* J '
ORIENTAL CICADIDM. 49 discal piceous spot near base. Head beneath with the anterior margin black and a central piceous spot near apex of face. Opercula ocbraceous, with apices and inner margins broadly black ; apex of abdomen beneath l)lack.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation more or less fuscous ; tegmina with the costal membrane castaneous, the transverse veins at the bases of the second and third apical areas infuscated. The face is convex, with a central longitudinal incision, which neither reaches base nor apex. The opercula are long and broad, concavely sinuated on their outer margins near base, and with their apices obtusely rounded and about reaching the apical abdominal segment. Rostrum mutilated. Long. excl. tegm. 35 millim. Exp. tegm. 10-2 millim. Ilah. — Malayan Archipelago : Borneo, Pontianak (Bruss. Mus.) ; South-East District (Doherty — coll.Dist.).
C. lauta and C. latilinea are very closely allied, and they are evidently local races of one sjiecies. The principal and most constant colour differences are found on the opercula, which in C. latilinea are much more hroadly suffused with black than in G. lauta.* 11. Cosmopsaltria montivaga. (Tab. XII., fig. 12, a, h.) Cusmopsaltriamontivaija.Distant,Auu.&Mag.Nat.Hist.ser.G,vol.iii.p.421(1889). Allied to C. lauta, Dist., but differing by its larger size, broader and more robust body, the absence of the sublateral fascia to the pronotum, and the presence of an oblique black pronotal spot behind the eyes ; the markings of the mesonotum are smaller, and the sublateral fascia curved and not extending to theanteriormargin.
Opercula broader at base, less concave internally, much more narrowly black at apex and inner margin, and crossed at centre by a transverse dark castaneous fascia. Long. 40 millim. Exp. tegm. 120 millim.
Hab. — Malayan Archipelago : Borneo, Kina Balu Mt. (Whitehead — coll. Dist.). This species (at present) is only known to the writer by a single male specimen collected on the Kina Balu Mountain. It is probable, however, that it will 1)0 found to have a much less restricted habitat, f 12. Cosmopsaltria inermis. (Tab. VI., fig. 15, a, h.) C. {Cosmojisultriii) inermis, Stal, Oiv. Vet.-Ak. Forb. 1870, p. 708, u. 3. Through the kindness of Dr. Aurivillius, of the Stockholm Museum, I am eual)led to figure a typical specimen of Stal's species, and I therefore append a copy of the original description : — " Pallide olivaceo-flavescens vel viresecns ; macula irregulari ocellos mcludente, macula angulorum iuteriorum jugorum, fasciola obli<iua leviter curvata ad margiuem anticum jugorum prope oculos '■■■TheDmuhtbiaditariim.Walk.(Journ.Linn.Soc,Zool.,vol.i.p.141:1857),recordedfromBorneo,appearstobe alsocloselyalliedtothesetwospeciesorraces,exceptingthattheoperculaarerecordedas"extendingtothetipofthe abdomen."This,however,isoul.vamatterofconjecture,asthetypeisnotinthecollectionoftheBritishMuseum.As manyofthesespecimensbelongedtothelateMr.W.WilsonSaunders,Iappliedtohissonforassistance;butheinformed methatallhisfather'sHomopterawenttotheBritishMuseum,andthatheknewofnowhereelsetolookforthem.Ialso soughthelpfromTrof.Westwood;buthewrotetonicthattheHopeMuseumatOxfordpossessednotypesorotherindividuals ofWalkersspeciesdescribedfromMalaccaiindBorneo.Wemustthereforetreatthisspeciesasnotexistent.Dr.Still ('JournalofEntomology,'vol.i.p.4771proposedthatallWalker'sCataloguesshouldbeconsideredasnon-existent;but, apartfromthe(juality"ofWalker'sentomologicalwork,whichnoonecanaltogethereitherpraiseordefend,1havealways concluded that where his types exist, his species arc recognisable, but where they cannot be found his species should be ignored.
TheD.thiarum.Walk.,thereforetothewriterisanunrecognisablespecies. fAverycuriousdistributionwasobsenedinanotherspeciesoftheHomopterousfamilyCercopidacontainedinthis collection.In"theyear1878IdescribedfromasinglespecimencollectedatTaoo,inTenasserim,atanelevationbetween 3000and0000ft.,averyextraordinaryspeciesofCosmoacarta(C.masoni,Dist.).Fromthattimetotheyear188"JInever sawanotherspecimenimtil1observedasecondsohtaryexampleinthecollectionmadeontheKinaBaluMountainin Borneo by Mr.
Whitehead.
0
60 ORIENTAL CICADID.E.
incipiente, oblique introrsum et retrorsum clucta, intei'stitiis rugorum basalium frontis, fascia subbasali genarum, vittis duabus mediis impressionibusque disci thoracis, vittis angustis quinque maculisque parvis duabus pone medium scutelli, tibiis apice tarsisque anterioribus nigris ; tegminibus alisque levissime infuscatis, venis olivaceo-flavescentibus, pone medium fuscis, macula auastomosium omnium maculaque prope apieem ramorum ulnarium fuscis."
" ^ & 2 . Long. 29—31, lat. 10—11 ; exp, tegm. 86—94 mill."
Hab. — Malayan Archipelago : Philippine Isles (Semper — Stockh. Mus.) ; Palawan (coll. Dist.), I have not copied Stal's structural diagnosis, as the figures here given sufficient!)' explain the same.
13. Cosmopsaltria fuliginosa. (Tab. VI., fig. 16, a, h.)
Dunduhia fuliijiiiosa, Walker, List Horn. i. p. 60, u. 21 (1850); Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 480. Dunduhicimelpomene,Walk.ListHorn.i.p.76,n.88(1850).
C.(Cosmopsaltria)fuUc/iiiosa,Stal,Ofv.Vet.-Ak.Furb.1870,p.708,u.2.
Body above dull greenish-ocbraceous ; head with the margins to face, the lateral striations of front, the area of the ocelli, and a curved discal fascia midway between eyes and front, black ; pronotum with two central linear fasciae and the furrows black ; mesonotum with five black linear fasciae, the central one longest with a shorter one on each side extending from the anterior margin to about centre of disk, the outermost paii' commencing at some distance from the anterior margin and almost reaching the posterior margin, a small spot on anterior margin between the two outermost fasciae and a spot on and another in front of the anterior angles of the basal cruciform elevation, also black. Abdomen pale dull castaneous, the tympanal coverings greenish ; the eyes brownish-ochraceous. Head beneath, sternum, legs and opercula greenish-ochraceous ; a fascia between face and eyes, the upper striations to face and a spot at apex of same, a spot at apices of anterior femora, a spot at bases of tibiae and the apices of same, and the anterior and intermediate tibiae and a broad fascia at apices of opercula, black ; abdomen beneath pale castaneous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation brownish-ochraceous; tegmina with the costal membrane greenish-ochraceous, the transverse veins at the bases of the second and third apical areas infuscated. The body above is more or less sparingly pilose ; the opercula extend to the penultimate abdominal segment.
Long excl. tegm. 3- , 31 milhm. Exp. tegm. 83 millim.
Hab. — Malayan Archipelago : Philippine Isles (Bruss. Mus. & coll. Dist. ; Gumming — Brit. Mus. ; Semper — Stockh. Mus.) ; Cebu (Dresd. Mus.).
This species is closely allied to C. i)iermis, Stal, but difi'ers by its somewhat smaller size, the different length and shape of the opercula, &c.
14. Cosmopsaltria vibrans. (Tab. IV., fig. 2, a, b.)
Dunduhia vibrans, Walker, List Horn. i. p. 51, n. 11 (1850); Still, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 480; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 224, u. 43 (1885).
Dunduhia lateralis. Walk. List Hom. i. p. 61, n. 22 (1850); Atkins. J. A. S. Bang. vol. liii. p. 224, u. 41 (1885). Head and thorax above ochraceous ; head with the lateral striations and a spot at apex of front, area of the ocelli, a curved macular fascia between eyes and front, and the posterior margins of the eyes, black ; pronotum with two central longitudinal fasciae which are angulated and meet posteriorly, the furrows and three small spots on each lateral margin, black; mesonotum with seven black fasciae, the central one longest, straight and completely crossing disk, on each side of this a shorter and inwardly-directed fascia, followed by a very short one situate on anterior margin, and a long, wide, irregularly-broken fascia on €ach lateral margin and a black spot near the apex of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation ;
ORIENTAL CIC.WW/E. 51 abdomen pale castaneous, the segmental incisures narrowly edged with ochraceous and black, and with some obscure blackish and irregular transverse discal fascine and a lateral series of small black stigmatal spots; tympanal coverings dull ochraceous. Head beneath, sternum, legs and opercula ochraceous ; the transverse striations to face, a fascia between eyes and face, apex of rostrum, apices of tibise and the margins of opercula widened at apex, black ; abdomen beneath pale castaneous, with some black discalspots.
Tegniiua and wings pale hyaline, the venation pale fuscous, tegmina with the costal membrane ochraceous and the transverse veins at the apices of the second and third apical areas infuscated. The abdomen is more or less pilose; the 02iercula extend only to the third abdominal segment. Long. excl. tegm. S , 35 — 38 millim. Exp. tegm. 85 — 90 millim.
Hab. — CoNTiNENT^Ui India : Assam — Marghcrita (Doherty — coll. Dist.) ; Naga Hills (Chennell — coll. Dist.); Sylhet (Stainforth— Brit. Mus.). Malay Peninsula : Malacca (coll. Sign.). This appears to be a moderately scarce species in collections, and two pairs of the sexes are all that I have as yet been able to acquire, though I am indebted to both Messrs. Chennell and Doherty for extensive collections made in Assam.
15. Cosmopsaltria meyeri.* (Tab. VIII., fig. 5, a, h.)
Cosmopsaltria meijcri. Distant, Proc. Zool. See. 1883, p. 189, t. 25, fig. 2, a, b. Body above castaneous. Head with the vertex and front nearly completely suffused with blackish ; ocelli and eyes yellowish. Pronotum with a central black longitudinal fascia, the posterior and lateral margins obscure ochraceous. Mesonotum with two large contiguous black obconical spots on anterior margin, a large lateral subconical black fascia on each side, and a triangular black fascia in front of the cruciform elevation, the apex of which is produced between the central obconical spots, and which also possesses posteriorly a central and angulated base. Abdomen very dark castaneous. Body beneath and legs dark castaneous ; sternum and base of abdomen thickly and palely pilose ; opercula ochraceous, extending to the fourth abdominal segment, concavely constricted be5'ond base and then slightly and convexly rounded to apex, apical portion distinctly narrower than base (rostrum mutilated). Tegmina and wings hyaline, t the first slightly infuscated, with the costal membrane, basal area, and venation brownish or fuscous, the transverse veins at bases of second and thu'd apical areas infuscated, and two very small submarginal fuscous spots at apices of the longitudinal veins enclosing the first and second apical areas ; wings with anterior claval margin and a basal streak pale fuscous. The face is very convexly tumid, with a narrow central discal sulcation, and with the transverse striations becoming more profound from base to apex; the anterior femora are armed with two strong spines, one near base and one near apex; between the last and apex is a small and somewhat rudimentary spine. Long. excl. tegm. 3" , 50 miUim. Exp. tegm. 132 miUim.
Hab. — Malayan Archipelago : Celebes (Meyer — Dresden Mus.).
Only one specimen of this species has been seen by the writer.
bbb. Tegmina more or less spotted.
16. Cosmopsaltria nigra. (Tab. VI., iig. 9, a, h.)
Cotmopsaltria nigra. Distant, Ann. & Mag. Nnt. Hist. set. 6, vol. i. p. 292 (1888). Diindnbui spiiut.ia, Walk, (nec Fabr.), List Horn. i. p. 47, n. 3 (1850). 3' . Body above and beneath with the legs blackish ; eyes and ocelli dark fuscous-brown. Tegmina and wings smoky hyaline, the venation fuscous, the tegmina with the transverse veins at the bases *NamedafterDr.A.B.Meyer,directoroftheZoologicalandEthnographicalMuseumofDresdenandwell-known nitnvalist,wliosejourneysintheMnhiyanArcliipelago,especiallyinCelebesandNewGuinea,havedonemuchinincreasing our knowledge of the Zoology and Anthropology of those islands.
fIntheprocessofUthographythehueofthetegminaandwingshasbeenrenderedtoodorkinthefigureheregiven.
62 ORIENTAL CICADID^.
of the second and third apical areas, and the apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas, infuscated.
The rostrum about reaches the apices of the posterior coxfe ; the opercula are concavely sinuated a little before centre, their apices convexly rounded and almost reaching apex of fourth abdominal segment.
Long. excl. tegm. 44 millim. Exp. tegm. 110 millim.
Hab. — Malayan Archipelago : Philippine Isles (Brit. Mus.).
This species was erroneously identified by Walker as Dunduhia spinosa, Fabr. (the type of which, however, is contained in the Banksian collection), and remains under that name in the Museum Catalogue. The habitat is derived from one of those specimens, my own being without a locahty.
17. Cosmopsaltria flavida. (Tab. V., fig. 15, a, h.)
Cicada jiavida, Guerin, Voy. Ind. Orient. Belanger, Ins. p. 498, t. 8, f. 1 (1834) ; Walk. List Hom. i. p. 118, n.40(1850).
Cosmopsaltria flnvida, Stal, Berl. Ent. Zeit. x. p. 171 (1866); Atkins. J.A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 227, n.60(1885).
C. {Platijlomia) flavida, Stfil, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 708, note. ? . Head and thorax above dark ochraceous ; head with the area of the ocelli and a spot on each Bide of vertex near front dark fuscous ; eyes dark castaneous ; pronotum with two short longitudinal central linear fascife (not quite reaching centre of disk) and the edges of posterior margin, black; mesonotum with a narrow central linear longitudinal fascia, on each side of which are two short but broader curved fasciae, the inner pair longest, and a transverse series of four small basal spots, black ; abdomen castaneous. Head beneath, sternum, legs and rostrum ochraceous ; apices of the tibite and tarsi and apex of the rostrum black; abdomen beneath as above.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation ochraceous ; tegmina with the transverse veins at the bases of the second, third, fifth and seventh apical areas more or less infuscated, and a marginal series of small fuscous spots at the apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas, the discal portion of the venation ornamented in a few places with black; costal membrane reddish-ochraceous. Long. excl. tegm. 2 , 50 millim. Exp. tegm. 150 millim.
Hab. — Malayan Archipelago : Sumatra (Guerin) ; Java (Bruss. Mus.). The description here given is taken from an unlocalised female specimen in my own collection, but a male specimen belonging to the collection of the Brussels Museum is figured, and the structure of the opercula is thus shown. Stal, by an error (unusual with that excellent worker and describer), wrote* that the Dunduhia satiirata, Walk. — an Indian species of Cosmopsaltria described further on — p. 54 — was a sjTionym of C. flavida. This lead that careful writer, Mr. Atkinson, to record it as reported from Sikkim. t Guerin's species, however, appears to be strictly confined to the islands of Sumatra and Java, and is certainly not found in Continental India.
18. Cosmopsaltria spinosa. (Tab. IV., fig. 7, a, h.)
Tettujonia .spinosa, Fabricius, Maut. Ins. ii. p, 266, 6 (1787) ; Ent. Syst. iv. p. 17, 6 (1794) ; Syst. Ebyng. p.34,8(1803).
Cicada spinosa, Oliv. Euc. Meth. v. p. 748, n. 8 (1790).
Cosmopsaltria spinosa, Stal, Berl. Ent. Zeit. x. p. 171 (1866); Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 708, n. 1; Dist. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1883, p. 193; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. Uii. p. 227, n. 59 (1885). Cosmopsaltria ahdidla, Dist. Tnius. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 639 ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 226, n. 57 (1885). * Berl. Ent. Zeit. x. p. 171. j J. A. S. Beng. liii. p. 227, n. 60.
ORIENTAL CICADWJE. 53 Body above castancous, more or less covered with ptreyish pubescence and pilosity. Head with the vertex somewhat spnrinp;ly pilose, and the area of the ocelli a little infuscated. Pronotum sparingly pubescent, with a central hourglass-shaped concolorous fascia. Mesonotum with two central and somewhat obsolete obovate spots on anterior margin. Body beneath pale castaneous, the opercula ochraceous ; anterior and intermediate femora with the bases and apices fuscous, the central portion pale ochraceous ; anterior tibiiB castaneous, with the tarsi pitchy; intermediate tibiit; pale castaneous, witli the base narrowly and the apex broadly piceous ; posterior legs pale castaneous, apices of femora and the bases and apices oftibiffidarkcastaneous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline; tcgmina with the costal membrane and the basal cell pale castaneous, claval area pitchy, the transverse veins at the second, third and fifth apical areas infuscated, and a submarginal series of small fuscous spots at apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas ; wings with anterior claval margin and a curved basal streak, dark castaneous.
The opercula reach the base of the fourth abdominal segment, their outer margins are deeply narrowed and concave near base, and then are somewhat convex and slightly directed outwardly to apex, whichismoderatelybroadandrounded.
Long. excl. tegm. S , 46 millim. Exp. tegm. 116 to 122 millira.
Hab. — Malay Peninsula : Penang, Singapore (coll. Dist.) ; Malacca (coll. Sign.). Sumatra (Banksian Coll.) ; Indrapoura (Leyden Mus.). Borneo : Elopura (Pryer — coll. Dist.) ; Kina Balu Mt. (Whitehead — coll. Dist.). Philippine Isles (Semper — Stockh. j\[as.).
This is a variable species in the markings of the tegmina; in some specimens the transverse veins at the bases of the second, third, fom'th, fifth and seventh apical areas are infuscated, and in others the marginal spots are also almost absent. The greyish pubescence is also often rubbed and obsolete.
19. Cosmopsaltria umbrata. (Tab. V., fig. 11, a, h.)
Cosnwpsaltria umbrata. Distant, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. i. p. 293 (1888); Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa, ser.2a,vol.vi.p.456(1888).
S . Head and thorax above obscure olivaceous. Head with the lateral margins to front, the area of the ocelli, and some irregular spots on each lateral area of the vertex black; eyes ochraceous. Pronotum with two u-regular central black fascia?, ampliated at base and apex, and with two at each lateral margm, the posterior margin with its edge narrowly black and a black spot near lateral angles. Mesonotum with two central l)lackish obconical spots, between which a narrow l)lack fascia extends to base, and a black spot in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation. Abdomen above largely suffused with dull black shadings. Body beneath olivaceous ; a central fascia to face, anterior margin between face and eyes, inner margins and apices of femora, and the tibisB more or less blackish. Opercula olivaceous, their apices and a spot near base blackish. Abdomen beneath olivaceous, largely suffusedwithblackshadings.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation fuscous ; tegmina with the base and costal membrane fuscous, the transverse veins at the bases of the second, third, fifth, and seventh apical areas and the apices of the longitudinal veins of apical areas infuscated.
The rostrum has the apex pitchy and just passing the posterior coxm; the opercula are somewhat narrowed, concavely sinuated on each side near base, and narrowed towards apices, which are obtusely angulated and reach the fourth abdominal segment.
Long. excl. tegm. 46 millim. Exp. tegm. 120 millim.
Hab.— CoNTiNENTAi, India : Sikkim (coll. Dist.) ; Naga Hills (Calc. Mus.). Burma : Bhamo (Fea — Genoa Mus.).
54 ORIENTAL CICADIDM.
I have now examined a moderately large series of specimens belonging to this species, and have found no variation in markings or coloration.
aa. Opercula constricted at base, hut loith their apices obtusely angulated. y^oa. c.Tefpninaunspotted. :--■ 20. Cosmopsaltria radha. (Tab. IV., fig. 9, a, h.)
Dumluhid radha, Distant, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 634 ; Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa, ser. 2 a, vol. vi. p. 455 (1888); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 225, n. 49 (1885).
3- . Body above pale castaneous. Head with the area of the ocelli black. Pronotum with the lateral and posterior margins, and a very narrow anterior margin, ochraceous ; the last is inwardly margined with two small transverse linear black spots, and the posterior margin has also a very narrow discal inner border of the same colom-. Mesonotum with a large central obconical spot on anterior margin, with a very indistinct central line, and with the lateral borders black, outwardly margined with ochraceous ; five indistinct black basal spots, three within the anterior angles of the cruciform elevation, and one on each side of the same. Abdomen rather darker in colour, with the segmental sutures pitchy. Underside of the body concolorous ; opercula dull ochraceous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline ; tegmma with the costal membi-ane and claval area dull ochraceous ; wings with the base narrowly of the same colour.
The body is very elongated ; the head, including eyes, a little narrower than base of pronotum ; the face is prominently convex, faintly longitudinally sulcated, and transversely striated ; the rostrum reaches the middle of the posterior coxae; the opercula are very long, reaching the penultimate abdominal segment; they are suddenly narrowed on first abdominal segment, and then gi'adually widened and rounded on each side, the maximum width being at junction of second and third abdominal segments, from whence they are gradually narrowed to apex, which is obtusely rounded.
Long. excl. tegm. 53 millim. Exp. tegm. 124 millim.
Hab. — CoNTiNENTAii India : Madi-as Presidency (coll. Dist.) ; Sikkim and Assam (Calc. Mus.) ; Naga Hills (Doherty — coll. Dist.). Buema: Teiuzo (Fea — Genoa Mus.).
cc.Tegminaspotted.
21. Cosmopsaltria saturata. (Tab. V., fig. 17, «, h.)
Dundubia saturata, Walker, List Hom., Suppl. p. 6 (1858).
Dunduhia obtecta, Walker (nee Fabr.), List Hom. i. p. 47, n. 3 (1850).
As this is a somewhat variable species, the original description is given : — " Male and Female. Ferruginous-tawny. Head with two interrupted black bands. Prothorax with eight irregular black stripes ; the middle pair curved and dilated hindward. Mesothorax with a black line, and with four broader black stripes, which are more or less excavated ; the inner pair shorter than the outer pair, and joining the line ; the outer pan- joining two black hind spots. Abdomen with whitish tomentum on each side towards the base. Wings with a slight testaceous tinge, ferruginous-tawny at the base ; veins tawny, partly black. Fore wings with a brown streak at tip of each of the marginal veins ; transverse veins clouded with brown ; first transverse vein longer and more oblique than the second, from which it is parted by more than twice its length. Male. — Opercula tawny, about two-thirds of the length of the abdomen, much acuminated towards the tips."
Long. excl. tegm. <? , 40 to 45 millim. Exp. tegm. 106 to 130 millim.
Hab. — Continental India : Nepal (Hardwicke — Brit. Mus.) ; Eanikhet (coll. Dist.) ; Sikkim (Hooker — Brit. Mus. ; Calc. Mus. ; coll. Dist.) ; Assam (Calc. Mus.) ; Sylbet (coll. Sign.).
ORIENTAL CICADIDM. 55 ,'„,.. a.— Smaller in size, the opercula reacliing the apex of the abdomen. Hab.— Continental India: Naga HQls (Doherty— coll. Dist.)- Var. b.-Opercula not reaching the apex of abdomen, but with their apices much less angularly produced.
Hab.— Continental India: Naga Hills (Doherty— coll. Dist.).
As previously stated {antra, p. 52), Stal erroneously placed this species as a synonym of C flavida Guer. Walker, however, had previously created the greatest confusion in the identification of his own species, having firstly identified it as the C. ohteda, Fabr.,-a species to which it has no similarity,-and subsequently described another specimen as a new species under the name of saturata, which is necessarily adopted here. _ This is a most variable species, not only as regards the tinting of the tegmina, which are usually clear and not shaded on the basal half, but, what is much more unusual, and even unique in the genus,-as far as the knowledge of the writer at present extends,-the opercula varvinc. in length and in the amount of the angular attenuation of their apices. The species however, cannot easily be mistaken, as beyond the variations just enumerated, the general characters are of the most uniform and consistent nature.* aaa.Opoxidanotconstrictedatbase,theirapicesobtuselyangulated.
d. Ti'(imina unspotted. '' 9^ 22 Cosmopsaltria tavoyana. (Tab. V., fig- 4, a, h.)
Dnndubia tavoyana. Distant, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. i. p. 292 (1888). Above resembling in size, general hue, and markings D. fripurasura, Dist.. but differing remarkably from that species by the size and shape of the opercula, which have then- apices somewhat acutely pointed and reaching the penultimate abdominal segment, their lateral mai-gins bemg concave near base, convex about centre, and somewhat profoundly concave towards the apices; their colour is also pale olivaceous-green.
Lon'-. cxcl. tegm. 30 millim. Exp. tegm. 80 millim.
Hab.-BuRMA (Bingham-coll. Dist.). Tenasserim : Tavoy (Calc. Mus.). 23. Cosmopsaltria tripurasura. (Tab. IV., fig. 8, a, h.) ^ , ^ „ , .... ^ „^, DunanJt,y,urasur„, Distant, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 635; Atkms. J. A. S. Beng. vol. hii. p. 22o. n.51(1885).
^ Head pronotum and mesonotum ochraceous. Head: front with a triangular black spot near base a;d Universe black stri. which do not meet hi the centre; vertex with two large oblique aad teguh black fasci. on disk, and a large irregular black spot on inner margm of eyes. Pronotum with t3nra longitudinal black fasci., and three obliciue black stri. on each side the outer one submar.gmal anrsomewhat rounded. Mesonotum with a largo central clavate spot, of which he apex termmates on alX^mail, bordered on each side by a subconical spot, followed by a smaU triangular one ^d a w^ submar^inal fascia, black. Abdomen dull sanguineous, with a series of discal segmental black fas't (therare much larger in some specimens and subconfluent). and a lateral segment.^ row of L'lubtck spots. Bod; beneath with the sternum ochraceous, covered with greyish pubescence. Abd'omen dull sanguineous; opercula paJe sanguineous; legs ochraceous. Tc^mina and wings pale hyaline. , , x i i Front very prominent and convex; head, including eyes, narrower than base of pronotum, subequal to mesonotum in width. Opercula subtriangular. well separated at base, gradually becommg more :: This spaces was pvobably iuchulea in " tho ,reat ^^^'^^^^^^Z t^^^^^^S£:^l^;Z theKTOiind.wheretheyutteredashort,sharp,creakiugsound,andanondii,appeareaas oymu„ vol.i.p.1-13.