BARILIUS. 205 eye; latter 44 to 5 times in length of head, interorbital width 33 to 34 times; mouth extending to below centre of eye or a little beyond; no barbels; second suborbital extending posteriorly to vertical of posterior border of eye; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals narrow. Dorsal III 8, originating at equal distance from occiput and from root of caudal, posterior third of its base above anal; anterior rays longest, about # length of head. Anal III 15, notched, anterior rays about as long as longest dorsals. Pectoral pointed, about $ length of head, not reaching ventral. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle : 95-105 ¢ twice as long as deep. Scales 59-63 yr, 24 between lateral line and ventral. Grey above, silvery white “beneath; 12 dark bluish-grey vertical bars on each side of the body above the lateral line. Total length 155 millim.
Senegal.—Types in Vienna Museum.
14. BARILIUS MICROCEPHALUS.
Pelotrophus microcephalus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1864, p. 314, and Cat. Iish. vii. p. 321 (1868).
Barilius guentheri, Bouleng. Proce. Zool. Soe. 1896, p. 920, pl. xbvii. Barilius microcephalus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 103 (1899). Depth of body 4 to 42 times in total length, length of head 4 to 43 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout pointed, projecting a little Fig.180.
Barilius microcephalus.
Type of B. guenthert (P. Z.S. 1896). 2.
beyond mouth, 14 to 2 times as long as eye, which is 44 to 6 times
206 CYPRINID.®.
in length of head; interorbital width 23 to 3 times in length of head; mouth extending to below centre of eye; no barbels; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals narrow. Gill-rakers few, rudimentary. Dorsal III 9-10, originating midway between occiput or eye and caudal, second half of base above anal; anterior rays longest, 2 to % length of head. Anal III 15-17, anterior rays very long, as long as or a little shorter than head, forming a lobe sharply defined from the very short posterior rays. Pectoral pointed, 2 to + length of head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 2 to 2} times as long as deep. Scales with very numerous radiating strie, 47-52 a, 2 between lateral line and ventral, 16-18 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, dark blue on the back; sides with about 15 dark vertical bars; membrane between dorsal rays often blackish.
Total length 340 millim.
Lake Nyassa and Upper Shiré.
1-3. Skins, types. LL. Nyassa. Sir J. Kirk (P.). 4-5. Ad. - 4 Prof. J. EH. 8. Moore (C.).
6. Skel. 5 h.
7-9. Ad. + Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.).
10-12. Types of Upper Shire. Dr. Perey Rendall (C.) ; B. quentheri. Sir H. H. Johnston (P.).
15. BARILIUS MOORIL.
Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vi. 1900, p. 480, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 234 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1901, p. 146, pl. xiv. fig. 2, and xvii. 1906, p-d49.
Depth of body equal to length of head, 4 to 44 times in total length. Fig.181.
Barilius moorii.
Type (Tr. Z. S. 1901).
Head twice or a little more than twice as long as broad ; snout pointed, not projecting beyond mouth, as long as or a little longer than eye,
BARiILIUS. 207 which is 4 to 42 times in length of head; interorbital width 3 to 34 times in length of head; mouth extending to below anterior third or centre of eye; no barbels; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals less than 4 width of third suborbital. Gill-rakers very short and few. Dorsal III 9, originating at equal distance from anterior border or centre of eye and from caudal, second half of its base above anal; anterior rays longest, 2 to # length of head. Anal III 13-14, anterior rays much longer than posterior, a little longer than dorsals, forming a rounded lobe. Pectoral pointed, shorter than head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales with very numerous radiating strie, 55-60 SSE, 3 between lateral line and ventral, 16-18 round caudal peduncle, Silvery, brownish on the back; more or less distinct dark vertical bars on the side of the body, 10 or 11 in number; dorsal blackish at the end. Total length 160 millim.
Lake Tanganyika.
1-4. Types. North end of L. Tanganyika. Prof. J. E. 8S. Moore (C.). 5-6. Ad. &hgr. Sumbu. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.).
The specimens from Lake Rukwa briefly noticed under the name of B. moortt by Hilgendorf and Pappenheim, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1903, p. 270, perhaps belong to a distinct species. 16. BARILIUS TANGANICA.
Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vi. 1900, p. 480, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 235 (1901), and Trans. Zool. Soe. xvi. 1901, p. 146, pl. xiv. fig. 3. Fig.182.
Barilius tanganice.
Type (Ir. Z.$. 1901). 3, Depth of body equal to length of head, 44 times in total length. Head a little over twice as long as broad, with straight upper profile;
208 CYPRINIDS.
snout very pointed, not projecting beyond mouth, 13 diameters of eye, which is 53 times in length of head; interorbital width 33 times in length of head; mouth extending to below posterior border of eye; no barbels; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals about 3 width of third suborbital. Gill-rakers short, 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal III 10, originating midway between occiput and caudal, posterior third above anal; anterior rays longest, a little more than $ length of head. Anal III 17, strongly notched, with rounded anterior lobe, longest rays # length of head. Pectoral pointed, $ length of head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle a little over twice as long as deep. Scales with numerous radiating strie, 82 a 4 between lateral line and ventral, 26 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, olive on the back; 16 or 17 blackish vertical bars on each side of the body.
Total length 260 millim.
Lake Tanganyika.
1. Type. North end of Tanganyika. Prof. J. H. S. Moore (C.). 17. BARILIUS MICROLEPIS.
Pelotrophus microlepis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 314, and Cat. Fish. vi. p- 320, fig. (1868).
Barilius microlepis, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 102 (1899). Fig.183.
Barilius microlepis.
1 L.Nyassa.
Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head twice as long as broad, with nearly straight upper profile ; snout pointed, not projecting beyond mouth, as long as eye in young, at
BARILIUS.—ENGRAULICYPRIS. 209 least twice as long as eye in adult; eye 4 (young) to 8 times in length of head; interorbital width about 5 times in length of head; mouth extending to below centre or posterior border of eye; no barbels; naked space between przoperculum and suborbitals about 4 width of third suborbital. Gill-rakers short, 9 or 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal III 9-10, originating midway between occiput and caudal, posterior third above anal ; anterior rays longest, about 3 length of head. Anal III 16-17, strongly notched, with produced anterior lobe, longest rays 3 to $ length of head (shorter in young). Pectoral pointed, about 3 length of head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 2 to 25 times as long as deep. Scales with numerous radiating strie, 80-88 eas 5 between lateral line and ventral, 26-28 round caudal peduncle. Males with small conical nuptial tubercles (or their scars) on snout and anal fin, and, very crowded, on lower jaw. Silvery, olive on the back; no markings ; fins brown.
Total length 470 millim.
Lake Nyassa.
1,2. Skins, types. IL. Nyassa. Sir J. Kirk (P.).
3. Ad. BS Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.).
4-6. Ad. 5 Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.).
7-14. Ye. Between Kondowe and Karonga. Sir H. H. Johnston (P.}. 9. ENGRAULICYPRIS*, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 626.
Neobola, Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 56 ; Bouleng. Proe. Zool. Soe. 1903, ii. p. 332, and Fish. Nile, p. 268 (1907).
Body strongly compressed, but belly not keeled, covered with moderately large scales. Lateral line low down, following the ventral outline of the body and running along the lower part of the caudal peduncle. Mouth moderate or large, oblique, without lips; no barbels. Suborbitals large, covering the cheek. Giull-membranes narrowly united to the isthmus. Dorsal fin without ossified ray, with 9 to 11 rays, 7 or 8 of which are branched, originating above or slightly before or behind the vertical of the origin of the anal. Anal fin with 13 to 20 rays. A scaly process at the base of the ventral fin. Pharyngeal teeth conical, hooked, in two series (5, 5—5, 3).
Nile and Eastern parts of Tropical Africa.
* This genus has appeared under the name of Neohola in the synopsis of the genera as given in the first volume, p. 300.
VOL.II.
210 CYPRINID®.
Synopsis of the Species.
1. Anal 13-15, its origin below or a little further back than that of dorsal. L.1. 48-52; mouth not extending quite to below anterior border of eye ; depth of body 6-7 times im totalleneth. ©. .. - - . = I. E. sardella, Gthr., p. 210. LL. 1. 50-52 ; mouth extending to below anterior third of eye; depth of body 44 times in totaldlencth asc n ine nr MCU G un liino Se aUrcnrarcale sm lone ene Wale Tl. Anal 17-19, its origin below or slightly further back than that of dorsal. L. 1. 48-52 ; mouth extending to below anterior bordenoneyelnmgc) luce cliche lo. Tn angentess, kelest.. pea tae L. 1. 49-45; mouth extending to beyond vertical of anterior border of eye . . . . 4. E. bottegi, Vincig., p. 213- Til. Anal 20, originating m advance of dorsal.
L. 1. 37; mouth extending to below anterior borderofeyes 7 <"."" .wkiged Ste ;- eat eeonimetus Dlor.9s 213. 1. ENGRAULICYPRIS SARDELLA.
Barilius sardella, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 292 (1868); Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 103 (1899).
Eugraulicypris pinguis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1893, p. 627, fig. Depth of body 6 to 7 times in total length, length of head 4 to 4% times. Head about 23 times as long as broad; snout obtuse, as long as Vig. 1S.
Engraulicypris sardella.
L.Nyassa.
or a little longer than eye; chin projecting a little beyond snout; eye 34 to 4 times in length of head and greater than mterorbital width ; mouth not extending quite to below anterior border of eye; no naked space oncheek. Gill-rakers moderately long, close-set, about 30 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal IL 9, originating above or a little in advance of anal, its distance from end of snout 25 to 3 times its distance from caudal; first branched ray longest, about $ length of head. Anal III
ENGRAULICYPRIS. 21h 10-11, longest ray about 2 length of head. Pectoral obtusely pointed, 3 length of head, widely separated from ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 24 to 3 times as long as deep. Scales 48-52 Ei 1 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, steel-blue on the back ; fins white.
Total length 100 millim.
Lake Nyassa and Upper Shiré.
1. Type. Upper Shiré. Dr. Livingstone (C.) ; Earl Russell (P.).
2-3. Types of H. pinguis. L. Nyassa. J. A. Williams, Esq. (C.). 4-13, Ad. & her. ye Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.).
2. ENGRAULICYPRIS BREVIANALIS.
Neobola brevianalis, Bouleng. Ann, Natal Mus. i. 1908, p. 231, fig. Depth of body about 43 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout obtuse, not projecting beyond mouth, shorter than eye, which is 3 or 5} times in length of head and equals interorbital width; mouth extending to below anterior third of eye; suborbita] bones covering greater part of cheek. Gillrakers moderately long, about 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal II 7, its origin slightly in advance of that of anal; its distance from end of snout 24 times its distance from caudal; first branched ray longest, about % length of head. Anal II 12-15. Pectoral acutely Fig.185.
Engraulicypris brevianalis.
Type (Ann. Natal Mus.). x 2.
pointed, as long as head, reaching ventral. Caudal deeply forked. 102 ae lateral line and ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle. Yellowish, with a silvery lateral band; fins white.
Total length 50 millim.
Caudal peduncle 1% times as long as deep. Scales 50-52 1 between Zululand, Transvaal.
1. Type. Mkuzi R., Zululand. Dr. E. Warren (P.). 2-4, Ad. & hgr. Devaars R., Transvaal. Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). r2
212 CYPRINIDA.
3. ENGRAULICYPRIS ARGENTEUS.
Neobola argentea, Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1904, p. 184, and Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvii. 1905, p. 178, fig. ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 268, pl. xlvi. fig. 5 (1907).
Depth of body 4} to 4? times in total length, length of head 33 to 44 times. Head about twice as long as broad; snout acutely pointed, not projecting beyond mouth, slightly shorter than diameter of eye, which is nearly 3 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; suborbitals covering greater part of cheek. Gill-rakers moderately long, 16 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal II 7, its origin corresponding to or slightly in advance of Bngraulicypris argenteus.
Type (I. N.).
that of the anal, nearly twice as far from end of snout as from base of 2 caudal; first branched ray longest, about % length of head. Anal II 15-16. Pectoral acutely pointed, a httle shorter than head, not extending to ventral. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 48-52 a 1 between lateral line and ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle. Yellowish brown above, silvery on the sides ; caudal fin bright yellow, the other fins white or greyish. Total length 60 millim.
Lake Victoria.—Lypes in Paris Museum.
1-2. Types. Kayirondo Bay. M. Alluaud (C.) ; Paris Museum (E.).
Oo. Ad. 39 7 4, Ad. Kisumu Bay, Kayirondo. A. Blayney Percival, Esq. (P.). 5-10. Ad. Bunjako. Mr. E. Degen (C.).
11. Ad. Bugala, Sesse Ids. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.).