EUTROPIUS.—SCHILBE. 298 5. Skel. Beira, Port. H. Africa. Mr. C. Grant (C.) ; C. D. Rudd, Esq. (P.).
6. Ad. Buluwayo, Rhodesia. Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). 7, Ad. N. Transvaal. s 8-9. Her. Dwaars R., Transvaal. s 12. EUTROPIUS MOEBILI.
Eutropius mobiusii, Pfeft. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 30 (1896). Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 5 times. Maxillary barbel about half as long as outer mandibular. Dorsal I 6, its base partly in advance of ventrals. Ana] 63-70. Otherwise as in EE. depressirostris. Silvery, blackish above. Kingani River, Kast Africa.—Types in Berlin Museum. 10. SCHILBE.
Cuv. Regne Anim. ii. pp. 202 (1817), part. ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. y. p. 40 (1864) ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 273 (1901), and Fish, Nile, p. 311 (1907). Differing from the preceding only in the absence of the adipose dorsal fin.
51-55 vertebrae (14-15 4+ 36-41).
Tropical Africa and the Nile. Only two species appear to be entitled to recognition.
1. SCHILBE MYSTUS.
Silurus mystus, Linn. in Hasselq. Reise Palist. p. 419 (1762), and Syst. Nat. i. p- 502 (1766); Sonnini, Trav. Egypt, ii. p. 415, pl. v. fig. 3 (1800); Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Poiss. p. 287, pl. xi. figs. 3 & 4 (1827) ; Joannis, Mag. Zool. 1835, pl. xii.
Schilbe mystus, Riipp. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 5 (1829) ; Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xvi, p. 372 (1839) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 50 (1864), and Petherick’s Tray. il, p. 222 (1869) ; Bouleng, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 273 (1901); Hilgend. & Pappenh. Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1903, p. 264; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p- 31], pl. lvi. fig. 1 (1907).
Chilbé Cherissié, Rifaud, Voy. Egypte, pl. exciii. no. 30 (1830). Schilbe intermedius, Riipp. Fortsetz. Beschr. n. Fische, p. 6 (1832). Schilbe auratus, Jounnis, t. ¢. pl. v.
Schilbe senegallus, Cuv. & Val. t. ¢. p. 378. Schilbe dispila, Giinth. tt. ce. pp. 51, 223, and Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p- 276 ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 274,
294 SILURIDZ.
Schilbe senegalensis, var. fasciata, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1872, p- 983, pl. vi. figs. 1 & 2.
? Schilbe bowvier?, Rochebr. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) ix. 1885, p. 95. Depth of body 3 to 5 times in total length, length of head 44 to 54 times. Head 1} to 14 times as long as broad; snout broad, lower jaw slightly projecting, as long as eye in the young, 1} to 12 times in the adult; eye perfectly lateral, 3 (young) to 6 times in length of head, 13 (young) to 4 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth equal to ora little less than interocular width; vomero-palatine teeth forming an uninterrupted band, which is narrower than the band of premaxillary Fig.238.
Schilbe mystus.
Near Cairo (7. N.). 3.
teeth. Nasal barbel 2 to 2 length of head; maxillary barbel longer, 3 to 3 length of head; inner mandibular barbel { to } length of outer, which is inserted behind it and equals or exceeds maxillary barbel. Gill-rakers rather long, widely set, 9-13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 5-6, partly or entirely in advance of ventral fins, and 1? to 24 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout; its spine slender, feebly serrated behind, measuring ? to ? length of head, produced into a short filament. Anal 53-67, 3 or 4 anterior rays simple, following gradually decreasing in length. Pectoral reaching or not ventral, its spine nearly as long as and stronger than that of dorsal, feebly serrated on inner side. Caudal] deeply forked, with more or less pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. Silvery, darker on the back ; a blackish ill-defined blotch on each side above the pectoral fin, corresponding to the thinned skin over the air-bladder ; dorsal and pectoral sometimes blackish. Some young specimens with three dark bands on each side (var. fasciata, Steind.), the upper along
SCHILBE. 295 the back and continued on the upper lobe of the caudal fin, the lower extending from below the pectoral fin to the lower lobe of the caudal, the middle one from the humeral spot to the root of the caudal fin; such specimens have also one or two dark bands along the anal fin, traces of which may persist in the adult. Total length 340 millim. Nile and Tropical Africa. 1. Hgr., one of the typesofSS.intermedius.
2-6. Ad. & her. 7-10. Ad., hgr., & yg. 11. Skel.
12-13. Yg.
14-19. Her. & yg. 20-25. Ad. & hgr. 26-28, 29-32. Ad., hor., & yg.
33-35. Hgr. & yg. 36. Ad.
37-39.
40-41.
42-48.
49-53. Yo.
54-56. Ad. & her. 57, 58, 59, 60. Her. & ys:
61-66. Ad. & yg. 67-70.
71-75. Y Her. & yg.
Ad.
Yg.
76-77. Yg., types of S.dispila.
78. Ad.
79. Ad.
80. Ad.
81-82. Her.
Lower Nile.
Bahr-el-Tawilah, L. Menzaleh.
NearSamannud. Rosetta Nile, downstream sideofbarrage. Near Cairo.
Beni Souef.
Birket Karun, Fayum. Bahr Selah, Fayum. Luxor.
Near Luxor.
Dr. Riippell (C.). J. Petherick, sq. (C.). 8.8. Allen, Esq. (P.). 9) L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Dr. W. A. Cunnington and C. L. Boulenger, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Hsq. (C.). Between Luxor and Assuan. 3 Near Assuan.
Khartum.
Wed Medine, Blue Nile. Fashoda, White Nile. Sobat.
Gondokoro.
Buganga, L. Victoria. Wondo R., L. Abaia. L. Chad.
Komadugu R., Chad Basin.
J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). Mr. E. Degen (C.). Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). Paris Museum (E.).
296 SILURID #.
83-84. Ad. St. Louis, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). 85-91. Ad.,hgr.,&yg. Kaédi, pe ¥ 92-96. Her. & yg. Gambia. J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). Dike NES Oyun R., S. Nigeria. A. E. Kitson, Esq. (P.). 98-104. Yg. Oyun R., at Abo, 8. Major G. E. Bruce (P.). Nigeria.
IDB Gee % m5 Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 106-107. Her. Lagoon at Asaba, S. Major G. E. Bruce. Nigeria.
108. Yg. Sapelle, S. Nigeria. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 109. Her., type of Niger. Mr. L. Fraser (C.). S. dispila.
110-111. Hgr. & yg. Old Calabar. Miss Kingsley (C.). 112. Ad. Gaboon.
113. Yig- Lower Congo. M. A. Greshoff (C.) ; Utrecht Museum (E.).
114. Yg. Kondue, Kassai. M. Luja (C.). 115. Yg. Bangala Country, Congo. M. De Meuse (C.). 116. Yg. Monsembe, Upp. Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). 117. Ad., skin. L. Mweru. Sir A. Sharpe (P.). 118. Yg. L. Bangwelu. VF’. H. Melland, Esq. (P.). 119. Her. N.W. Rhodesia, 20m. Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). north of Zambesi.
120. Ad. Kafue R., Upp. Zambesi. 5 121. Ad. " 3 T. Codrington, Esq. (P.). 122. Her. ss u Rey. F. A. Rogers and HK. C. Chubb, Esq. (P.).
123. Yg. Kazungula, _,, Rev. L. Jalla (C.) ; Turin Museum (P.).
124-125. Yg. Jaculovar R., Mossa- Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). medes.
2. SCHILBE URANOSCOPUS.
Riipp. Fortsetz. Beschr. n. Fische, p. 4, pl. i. fig. 1 (1832) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p- 49 (1864), and Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 222 (1869) ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 315, pl. ly. fig. 2 (1907).
Schilbe isidori, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xiv. p. 375, pl. eccexii. (1839). ? Schilbe emini, Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 32 (1896); Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xix. 1898, p. 245.
Closely related to and agreeing in most respects with the preceding, from which it is to be distinguished by the following characters :—
SCHILBE. 297 Upper profile of head nearly horizontal, the nape ascending very abruptly from the occiput to the dorsal fin; eye larger and supero-lateral in position, its diameter 4} to 53 times in length of head in adult, 14 to 24 times in interocular width, which is less than width of mouth; maxillary barbel not } length of head in adult. Anal 67-75. Caudal with Fig.239.
Schilbe wranoscopus.
White Nile (F.N.). 4.
rounded or obtusely pointed lobes. Silvery, back steel-blue, head seagreen; fins flesh-coloured; a more or less distinct brown streak on the upper lobe of the caudal fin; young sometimes with a dark lateral band and a black spot on the dorsal and pectoral fins. Lower Nile to Bahr-el-Gebel; East Africa (Uniamwesi and Ganana R.)*—Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort (Main). 1. One of the types. Cairo. Dr. Riippell (C.). 2. Skel. Nile. im 3-4. Yg. Near Luxor. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 5-10. Yg. Between Luxor and Assuan. : 11. Ad. Assuan. 54 12-13. Ad. Khartum. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). 14. Skel. - a 15-20. Yg. Wad Medine, Blue Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 21. Hgr. Near Tonga, between Sobat 3 and L. No.
22-29. Ad. & hgr. Mouth of L. No. : 30. Ad. Gondokoro. Fr
298 SILURID &.
11. SILURANODON.
Bleek. Acta Soc. Se. Ind.-Néerl. iv. 1858, p. 255, and Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 115; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 55 (1864); Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p- 318 (1907).
Body elongate, very strongly compressed, the preecaudal region very short. A very small rayed dorsal fin, without spine, no adipose fin; anal fin much elongate, extending from the ventrals to the caudal. Pectoral fin with a spinous ray. Ventral fin small, with 6 rays. No teeth. Hye large, with free border, on a level with the mouth. Nostrils rather close together. Four pairs of barbels: nasal, maxillary, and two mandibulars. Gill-membranes free, deeply notched. Air-bladder large and free.
-Vertebre 51 (11+ 40). 10 branchiostegal rays.
A single species.
1. SILURANODON AURITUS.
Silurus auritus, 1. Geoftr. Descr. Egypte, Poiss. p. 289, pl. xi. figs. 1 & 2 (1827); Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xiv. p. 368 (1839).
Schilbe auritus, Riipp. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 5 (1829). Ouéd denné, Rifaud, Voy. Egypte, pl. ec. (1830).
Siluranodon auritus, Bleek. Act. Soc. Se. Ind.-Néerl. iv. 1858, p. 256; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 55 (1864), and Petherick’s Tray. ii. p. 226 (1869); Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 318, pl. lvi. fig. 2 (1907).
Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 5 to 6 times. Head 14 to 14 times as long as broad; snout broad, rounded, as long as eye; lower jaw usually projecting; eye infero-lateral, better visible from below than from above, 4 to 44 times in length of head and 1? to 3 times in interocular width; latter greater than width of mouth. Nasal barbel nearly as long as or a little longer than head; maxillary barbel 14 to 12 times length of head; mandibular barbels close together on the chin, equal in length, or inner a little longer than outer, about 4 of the total length. Gill-rakers long and setiform, 50 to 60 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal fin small, with 5 rays, all except the first very feeble and close together, the base of the fin being extremely short; its distance from caudal 24 to 3 times that from end of snout. Anal 74-85, of equal depth throughout, and about half length of head, nearly reaching caudal Pectoral rounded, a little longer than head, extending
SILURANODON. 299 beyond base of ventral, its spine feeble, smooth, without any serration, and about # to # the length of the fin. Ventral 4 to 2 length of head, inserted below dorsal, or just behind vertical of its base. Caudal notched, with rounded or obtusely pointed lobes, upper a little longer than lower. Coloration silvery; head and a dorsal band dull greyish brown, finely speckled with blackish, this band extending on the upper lobe of the caudal fin; a red spot, shot with gold, on the gill-cover; a Fig.240.
Siluranodon auritus.
Near Cairo (¥.N.). #.
more or less distinct dark blotch behind the shoulder; sometimes a dark streak above the lateral line; dorsal fin often blackish ; caudal fin often edged with blackish; anal fin often speckled with blackish, especially on the lower half.
Total length 175 millim.
Lower Nile to White Nile-——Type in Paris Museum. 1. Ad. Damietta Nile, downstream side L. Loat, Esq. (C.). ofbarrage.
2-13. Ad. Rosetta Nile, downstream side ® ofbarrage.
14. Skel. fi ' 4 15-16. Ad. Near Cairo. Dr. J. C. Mitchell (P.). 17. Ad. Luxor. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 18. Hgr. Near Luxor. * 19. Her. Between Assiut and Abu Tig. ae 20-27. Ad. &hgr. . Assuan. a 28-33. Her. Gharb-el-Aish, White Nile. 35 34-43. Her. & yg. — Fashoda, Le & 44-46. Her. Mouth of L. No, ,, ies
300 SILURID 2.
12. PHYSAILIA.
Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. 1901, p. 445, and Fish. Nile, p. 321 (1907). Body elongate, very strongly compressed, the precaudal region very short; no rayed dorsal fin, a very small adipose ; anal fin much elongate, extending from the ventrals to the caudal. Pectoral fin with a spinous ray. Ventral fin small, with 6 rays. A narrow band of very small teeth in the jaws, none on the palate. Eye large, with free border, on a level with the mouth. Nostrils close together. Four pairs of barbels: nasal, maxillary, and two mandibulars. Gill-membranes free, deeply notched. Air-bladder small and free.
Vertebre 52 (11+ 41). 8 branchiostegal rays.
Tropical Africa.—Three species.
Synopsis of the Species.
Pectoral spine serrated on inner side; barbels not half as long as head and body; A. 64- Ue Ss 5 bo 6 oo 8 8 6 og th I, palatal, Velleae.. 05 oh0), Pectoral spine serrated on inner side; barbels not half as long as head and body; A. 61. 2. P. occidentalis, Pellegr., p. 301. Pectoral spine not serrated; barbels about half as long as head and body; A. 69-72 . . 3. P. somalensis, Vincig., p. 301. 1. PHYSAILIA PELLUCIDA.
Boulenger, Il. cc., fig.
Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of head 6 to 63 times. Snout broad, rounded, not projecting beyond mouth, a little shorter than eye, which is perfectly lateral, about 3 times in length of head, and 1} times in interocular width; latter a little greater than width of mouth. Nasal and maxillary barbels ? to 4 of total length, reaching extremity of pectoral or a little beyond; mandibular barbels close together on the chin, subequal in length, 4 to 2 of total length. Gill-rakers long and slender, about 30 on lower part of anterior arch. Pectoral obtusely pointed, as long as head, extending beyond root of ventral, the spine a little shorter and serrated on inner side. Ventral about 4 length of pectoral, about 23 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout. Anal 65-74, longest rays 4 length of head, narrowly separated from caudal, which is deeply forked, with pointed lobes.