CLARIAS. 245 Gill-rakers few, 13 on anterior arch. Clavicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal 76, its distance from occipital process 2 length of head, its distance from caudal a little greater than diameter of eye. Anal 60, narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral 3 length of head, the Fig.203.
Clarias poensis.
Type (P. ZS. 1907). 3.
spine very feebly serrated on both sides and about # the length of the fin. Ventral 14 times as distant from base of caudal as from end of snout. Caudal 4 length of head. Dark brown, lighter beneath. Total length 285 millim.
Fernando Po.
1. Type. Fernando Po. Mr. E. Seimund (C ).
15. CLARIAS SUBMARGINATUS.
Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1882, p. 74; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p.1079.
Depth of body 6 to 64 times in total length, length of head 4 to 5 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, smooth ; occipital process pointed ; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, 24 to 3 times as long as broad; occipital fontanelle smaller, slightly encroaching on occipital process ; eye very small, 3 times in length of snout, 7 times in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth and } length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 44 or 5 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth
246 SILURID.
conical, forming a curved band which is as broad as the premaxillary band; nasal barbel about % or ? length of head, maxillary 1% to 14, outer mandibular once, inner mandibular 2. Gill-rakers very few, 10 on anterior arch. Clavicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal 75-84, its distance from occipital process ? length of head, its distance from caudal equal to or a little greater than diameter of eye. Anal 60-70, also separated from the caudal. Pectoral 4 length of head, the spine very feebly serrated on outer side and about 2 the length of the fin. Ventral 14 times as distant from base of caudal as from end of snout. Caudal 4 length of head. Dark brown, lighter beneath; a dark, light-edged curved band on the caudal.
Total length 210 millim.
Cameroon.—Types in Berlin Museum.
1-2, 3-6. Ad. Ja River at Bitye, S. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). Clarias neumanni, Hilgendorf, Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 409, from the Guassa Nyiro R., flowing into the Nguruman Salt-lake, Brit. East Africa, described from an imperfect stuffed specimen, appears to be nearly related to C. suémarginatus, but the vomerine teeth form a broader band in the middle.
16. CLARIAS LIOCEPHALUS.
Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 24, pl. vii. fig. 2, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 257 (1901), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1079.
Depth of body 5} to 7 times in total length, length of head 43 or 5 times. Head 14-14 times as long as broad, smooth ; occipital process angular; fontanelle feebly distinct, occipital in advance of occipital process; eyes small, 3 times in length of snout, 5 to 6 times in interorbital width; width of mouth equal to interorbital width, } length of head; vomerine teeth conical, forming a crescentic band which is about as broad as the premaxillary band; nasal barbel $ to # length of head ; maxillary barbel as long as head or a little longer, extending to middle or extremity of pectoral; outer mandibular barbel about 1+ length of inner, which measures 2 to % length of head. 13 to 15 gill-rakers on anterior arch. Clavicles not exposed. Dorsal 70-72, its distance from occipital process 2 or # length of head, its distance from caudal greater than diameter of eye. Anal 50-58, not reaching caudal. Pectoral about 4+ length of head, the spine feeble, not serrated, about 4 the
CLARIAS. 247 length of the fin. Ventrals much nearer end of snout than caudal. Caudal } length of head. Uniform blackish brown. Total length 140 millim.
Lake Tanganyika ; Upper Ubanghi.
Clarias locephalus, Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1898).
1-2. Types. L. Tanganyika. Prof. J. H. S. Moore (C.). 3. Ad. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.).
17. CLARIAS BREVICEPS.
Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 135, pl. xlviii. fig. 6 (1900), Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 258, pl. xiii. fig. 1 (1901), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1080. Depth of body 6 to 8 times in total length, length of head 45 to 5 times. Head 1§ times as long as broad, smooth; occipital process angular ; fontanelles small, the frontal sole-shaped and nearly 4 length of head, the occipital oval and partly on the occipital process ; eye very small, its diameter 3 times in length of snout, 6 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth equal to interorbital width, + length of head; vomerine teeth conical, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as the premaxillary band; nasal barbel 2 length of head; maxillary barbel as long as or a little longer than head, extending to extremity of pectoral ; outer mandibular barbel about 14 length of inner, which measures
248 SILURID_E.
3 length of head. 20 gill-rakers on anterior arch. Clavicles not exposed. Dorsal 58-60, its distance from the occipital process } length of head, its distance from caudal greater than diameter of eye. Anal 40-42, not Fig. 205.
reaching caudal. Pectoral about } length of head, the spine not serrated, about # the length of the fin. Ventrals much nearer end of snout than caudal. Caudal 5 length of head. Uniform blackish brown above, brownish white beneath.
Clarias breviceps.
Type (A. M.C.). §.
Total length 190 millim.
Mayombe, West Africa.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Marshes of Siala Ntoto, Mayombe. Major Cabra (C.). 18. CLARIAS WALKERI.
Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p. 274, pl. xiv. fig. B ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1907, p. 1080.
Depth of body 6 to 8 times in total length, length of head 4 to 43 times. Head 1} to 14 times as long as broad, smooth above, or very finely granulate behind ; occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle small, sole-shaped ; occipital fontanelle smaller, in advance of or slightly encroaching upon occipital process ; eye very small, its diameter 3 to 4 times in length of snout, 6 to 8 times in interorbital width, which nearly equals width of mouth and is contained twice in length of head ; band of premaxillary teeth 4 to 5 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical, forming a crescentic band which, in the middle, is about as broad as the premaxillary band ; nasal barbel 2 to # length of head; maxillary barbel 14 to 2 times as long as head, reaching extremity of pectoral or base of ventral; inner mandibular barbel a little shorter than nasal, + to 2 length of outer. Gill-rakers on first arch widely set, 12 to 15 in number. Clayicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal
CLARIAS. 249 70-80, its distance from occipital process 4 to $ length of head, separated from caudal by an interspace at least as great as diameter of eye. Anal 52-60, narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral } to 3 length of Clarias walkeri.
Type. }.
head, the spine feebly serrated on both sides, $ the length of the fin. Ventrals 13 to 12 times as distant from base of caudal as from end of snout. Caudal about 4 to 2 length of head. Dark brown above, whitish beneath; dorsal and anal with a lighter edge.
Total length 290 millim.
South Cameroon to Ogowe.
1. Type. Ogowe. Miss Kingsley (C.). 2-3, 4-5. Ad. Ghgr. Sette Cama, Gaboon. 6. Ad. Gaboon.
7-9. Her. & yg. Corisco Id. Miss Kingsley (C.). 10. Ad. Benito R. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 11-14. Ad., hgr.,&yg. Kribi R., 8. Cameroon. 15. Her. Zima County, ,, i.
16-17. Her. & yg. Ja R., =; As 19. CLARIAS LONGIOR.
Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xx. 1907, p. 51, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1081, fig.
Depth of body 8 to 9 times in total length, length of head 5 to 53 times. Head extremely depressed, 11 times as long as broad, smooth ; occipital process very short, pointed ; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, about 3 times as long as broad ; occipital fontanelle smaller, in advance of occipital process; eye very small, 24 times in length of snout, 5 or 54 times in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth and 3 length of head ; band of premaxillary teeth 4 times as long as broad ;
250 SILURID 4.
vomerine teeth granular, forming a curved band which is as broad as the premaxillary band ; nasal barbel $ to ? length of head, maxillary 13 to 14 times, outer mandibular once, inner mandibular ? to 3. Gillrakers very few, 12 on anterior arch. Clavicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal 80, its distance from occipital process 3 to 3 length of head, its distance from caudal equal to diameter of eye. Anal 70-73, Fig.207.
Clarvas longior.
Type (P. Z. 8. 1907). 3 2° nearly reaching caudal. Pectoral 2? to 2 length of head, the spine smooth and about % the length of the fin. Ventral 14 to 1# times as distant from base of caudal and from end of snout. Caudal 2 length of head. Dark brown above, whitish beneath.
Total length 225 millim.
South Cameroon.
1. Type. Kribi R. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.).
2. Type. Lobi R. » 20. CLARIAS ANGOLENSIS.
Steind. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. 1866, p. 766, pl. xiii. figs. 4 & 7; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 259 (1901), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1082. Clarias gabonensis, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) xx. 1867, p. 111, and (6) xvii. 1896, p. 274. .
Clarias dolloi, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p. 311. Depth of body 6 to 7 times in total length, length of head 3} to 4% times. Head 14 times as long as broad, smooth or finely striated and
CLARIAS. 251 finely granulate ; occipital process angular or rounded, as long as broad or broader than long ; frontal fontanelle oval or sole-shaped, twice as long as broad ; occipital fontanelle smaller, extending on the occipital process in the young; eye small, its diameter 3 to 4 times in length of snout, 41 to 6 times in interorbital width, which, like the width of the mouth, is about 2 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth nearly 4 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical or subgranular, forming a crescentic band which, in the middle, is about as broad as the premaxillary band and may bear a short posterior process ; nasal barbel nearly as long as head; maxillary barbel 13 to 1% times length of head, Fig.208.
Clariasangolensis.3.
Type,afterSteindachner(1.¢.).
reaching beyond pectoral, sometimes as far as ventral; inner mandibular barbel a little shorter than nasal, 32 or 3 length of outer. Gill-rakers on first arch fine, not very closely set, 25 to 30 in number. Clavicles exposed, striated or feebly granulated. Dorsal 70-82, its distance from occipital process } or 4 length of head, very narrowly separated from caudal. Anal 55-63, narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral $ length of head, the spine serrated on both sides, # to = the length of the fin. Ventrals nearer end of snout than caudal. Caudal about 4 length of head. Uniform dark brown or black, with more or less distinct light dots.
Total length 350 millim.
Lagos, Niger Delta, Cameroon, Gaboon, Congo, Angola.—Type in Vienna Museum.
Tha! Wee Odo Omi, head-water of Omi R., Major G. E. Bruce (P.). Lagos.
2. Her Sapelle, Niger Delta. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 3. Her. Assay, BS 4 =)
ORS 292 SILURID&.
4. Type of Gaboon. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.). C.
gabonensis.
5. Ad. as 35 6. Her. Sette Cama, Gaboon.
7. Her. Komadekke, Ogowe. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 8-10. Yg. Boma, Low. Congo. M. P. Delhez (C.). alle Vee Stanley Pool. M. A. Greshoff (C.) ; Utrecht Museum (E.).
12. Her. Leopoldville. Drs. Dutton, Christy, and Todd (C.).
13. Skel. L. Leopold II., Upp. Congo. M. P. Delhez (C.). 14-15. Ad. Bikoro, L. Tumba, ,, " 16. Ad. Monsembe, a5 Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.). 17-19. Types of 5 i ie C.dolloi.
20. Ad. Upper Congo. Brussels University. PAN NC Lindi R., Upp. Congo. M. M. Storms (C.) ; Brussels Museum (P.).
22. Her. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 21. CLARIAS BYTHIPOGON.
Clarias buthupogon, Sauv. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iii. 1878, p. 96; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p. 275; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 261 (1901), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1082. Clarias gabonensis (non Giinth.), Sauv. N. Arch. Mus. (2) iii. 1880, p. 39, pl. i. fig.2.
Bee camerunensis, Linnb. Overs. Vet.-Ak. Férh. Stockh. 1895, p. 192. Depth of body 6 to 7 times in total length, length of head 4 to 4} times. Head 14 to 14 times as long as broad, smooth above, or very finely granulate behind; occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle small, sole-shaped; occipital fontanelle smaller, partly on the occipital process; eye small, its diameter 2} times in length of snout, 4 or 5 times in interorbital width, which nearly equals width of mouth and is contained twice in length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 4 to 5 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as or narrower than the preemaxillary band ; nasal barbel as long as or a little longer than head; maxillary barbel 2 to 24 times as long as head, reaching beyond base of ventral ; inner mandibular barbel at least as long as head, about 2 length of outer. 17-22 gill-rakers on anterior arch. Clavicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal 78-87, its distance from occipital process ? or 4 length of head,