PHYSAILIA. 301 Colourless, translucent in life, the air-bladder showing through the thin skin; minute black dots may be present on the vertebral line and near the anal fin.
Fig.241.
Nine ANT = AI WO WX He SSS SS \.
of %& i a _ Wi \ ‘S Physatha pellucida.
Type (F. N.).
Total length 93 millim. Upper Nile.
1-2, 3-17. Types. Omdurman. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 18. Skel. 9 » 2, PHYSAILIA OCCIDENTALIS. Ailia occidentalis, Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1901, p. 331. Physailia oecidentalis, Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 322 (1907). Depth of body 44 times in total length, length of head 6 times. Snout a little shorter than eye, which is 3 times in length of head; jaws equal in front; barbels subequal, extending slightly beyond origin of anal. Pectoral as long as head, the spine feebly serrated on inner side. Anal 61, reaching caudal. Pale olive above, dotted with blackish; sides silvery; belly yellowish; an ill-defined blackish spot at the base of the caudal.
Total length 85 millim. Cape Lopez, Gaboon.—Type in Paris Museum. 3. PHYSAILIA SOMALENSIS. Ailia somalensis, Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xvii. 1897, p. 346. Physailia somalensis, Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 823 (1907). Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 6}. times.
302 SILURID®.
Snout shorter than eye, which is 3% times in length of head; jaws equal in front; barbels subequal, extending to middle of body. Pectoral slightly longer than head, the spine not serrated. Anal 69-72, not reaching base of caudal. Uniform yellowish.
Total length 65 millim.
Ganana R., Somaliland.—Types in Genoa. Museum.
13. PARAILIA.
Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 105 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 275 (1901).
Agrees with the preceding genus, except in the absence of the adipose dorsal fin. Vertebre 54 (10+44).
Congo, Niger.
Two species :— Longest barbels not more than twice length of head. 1. P. congica, Blgr., p. 302. Longest barbels nearly three times length of head . 2. P. longijilis, Blgr., p. 303. 1. PARAILIA CONGICA.
Bouleng. ll. ec. pp. 106, 276, Ann. pl. xli. fig. 3. Depth of body 5 to 53 times in total length, length of head 6 to 7 times. Snout rounded, not projecting beyond mouth, shorter than eye, which is 84 to 33 times in length of head, and 14 times in interocular width ; latter slightly greater than width of mouth. Nasal barbel about as long as head, maxillary barbel 14, mandibular twice, latter close Fig.242.
Parailia congica.
Type (A. M. C.).
together on the chin. Gill-rakers long and slender, about 25 on lower part of anterior arch. Pectoral obtusely pointed, as long as head, extending beyond root of ventral, the spine moderately strong, not serrated. Anal 80-92, reaching root of caudal; latter forked. Pale olive, dotted with blackish ; head and vertebral line dark brown.
O3 PARAILIA. 30 Total length 80 millim. Congo, Niger.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Types. Ebinga R. (L. Leopold IT.), M. P. Delhez (C.). Upp.Congo.
3. Skel. a3 4, Ad. Abo, Niger Delta. 29 Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 2. PARAILIA LONGIFILIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 37, pl. x. fig. 38 (1902). Depth of body 42 to 54 times in total length, length of head 6 to 7 times. Snout rounded, not projecting beyond mouth, half as long as eye, which is 24 times in length of head and equals interocular in width. Nasal barbel 2 to 22 times as long as head, maxillary and mandibulars Fig.243, Paratha longifilis.
Type (A. M. C.).
about 3 times. Gill-rakers long and slender, about 25 on lower part of anterior arch. Pectoral a little longer than head, the spine rather feeble, not serrated. Anal 80-90, reaching root of caudal; latter forked. Yellowish, dotted with black; a dark streak along caudal in its upper half.
Total length 100 millim. Upper Congo (Ubanghi).—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2, Types. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.).
304 SILURIDZ.
14. BAGRUS.
Cuv. Régne Anim. ii. p. 204 (1817), part.*; Bleek. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 96; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 69 (1864); Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 323 (1907).
Body moderately elongate, feebly compressed. Dorsal and anal fins short, the former consisting of a spine and 8 to 11 soft rays and followed by a very long adipose fin. Pectoral fin with a spine. Ventral fin with 6 rays, inserted below or just behind the vertical of the posterior part of the dorsal fin. Four pairs of barbels: nasal, maxillary, and two mandibulars. Nostrils widely separated from each other. Hye superior or supero-lateral, with free border. Jaws with a band of villiform teeth; a similar band of teeth on the vomers. Gill-membranes free, deeply notched. Air-bladder large, free.
22 or 23 precaudal and 30 to 34 caudal vertebre. 15 branchiostegal rays.
Nile and Tropical Africa.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Occipital process long and narrow and in contact with or narrowly separated from first interneural bone (which is hidden under the skin). A. Distance between rayed dorsal and adipose fin less than base of former ; anal with 12-15 rays (8-10 branched); maxillary barbel much longer thanhead.
Head 13 to 1$ times as long as broad; last ray of dorsal beltind vertical of inner ray of ventral ; maxillary barbel extending to extremity of ventral or beyond . . . « 1. B. bayad, Forsk., p. 305. Head 13 to 1+ times as long as broad; last ray of dorsal in advance of inner ray of ventral ; maxillary barbel not extending beyond ventral 9 2 ud ee orientale blon-sp rail: Head 11 to 13 times as long as broad; last ‘yay of dorsal in advanee of inner ray of ventral; maxillary barbel extending nearly to base of ventral or beyond . . . . . 3. B. docmac, Forsk., p. 308. * The name appears only in the French form, “Les Bagres,” in the two editions of the ‘Regne Animal.’ The name was first latinized by Riippell in 1829, as quoted in the synonymyoftheNiloticspecies.
BAGRUS. 305 Head 12 to 14 times as long as broad; last ray of dorsal in advance of ventral ; maxillary barbel extending to end of pectoral or a little beyond in the adult, to ventral in the VOUS 5 > 5 8 9 6 6 66 6 6 6 ay BRUM, BIG tno ollile B. Distance between rayed dorsal and adipose fin at least equal to base of latter.
Head not more than 14 times as long as broad ; maxillary barbel much longer than head ; analewithMOvorMierayst sa = | 4) lee, Dee Banurostigman NV rclo., | oli. Head nearly twice as long as broad ; maxillary barbel shorter than head . . . . . . 6. B. meridionalis, Gthr., p. 312. Il. Occipital process not longer than eye, widely separated from first interneural bone ; head 14 times as long as bread ; rayed dorsal and adipose fin narrowly separated ; maxillary barbel extending beyond base of ventral; anal with 11 POSNER) ow ogc ie te Te 1, wlbgesis, Bikers js BAB. 1. BAGRUS BAYAD.
Silurus bajad, Forsk. Deser. Anim. p. 66 (1775). Poreus bayad, 1. Geoftr. Deser, Egypte, Poiss. p. 303, pl. xv. figs. 1 & 2 (1827). Bagrus bayad, Riipp. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 5 (1829); Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. Ne p. 397 (1839); Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 69 (1864), and Petherick’s Tray. . p- 227 (1869); Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 324, pl. Ivii. (1907). ee a Bachika, Rifaud, Voy. Egypte, pl. exciv. (1830). Depth of body 44 to 53 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head much depressed, 12 to 1? times as long as broad, smooth above or finely striated on sides of elongate fontanelle ; occipital process long and narrow, in contact with first interneural bone (which is hidden under the skin); snout broadly rounded or truncate, projecting beyond lower jaw, 13 (young) to 53 times as long as eye, which is 44 (young) to 11 times in length of head and 13 to 53 times in interocular width ; width of mouth 2+ to 22 times in ener of head; premaxillary fat of teeth 6 or 7 times as Ge as broad, a little dete than and about as broad as or a little narrower than the band of vomerine teeth. Nasal barbel 5 (adult) to 2 length of head; .maxillary barbel 2 (adult) to 34 times ieee of Need, reaching extremity of ventral or anal in the adult, caudal peduncle or caudal fin in the aie outer mandibular barbel 2 to 2 length of head. Gill-rakers VOL. Il. x 1i to 2 times length of inner, and 2 to} ?
506 SILURID #, g, widely set, 11 to 16 on lower part ot anterior arch. Dorsal I 9-11 (usually 10), last ray behind vertical of inner ray of ventral; spine smooth, moderately strong, + to 2 length of head; anterior soft rays more or less produced into filaments. Adipose dorsal 3% to 5 times as long as deep, about twice as long as rayed dorsal, Anal 13-15 (9-10 branched). rather long from which it is narrowly separated. Fig.244.
Bagrus bayad.
Near Cairo (F. N.). +.
Pectoral 2 to 4 length of head, its spine moderately strong, feebly serrated on inner side. Ventral nearly equally distant from end of snout and from caudal. Caudal deeply forked, each lobe produced into a long filament. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Pale grey to dark brown above, white beneath; fins yellow, caudal sometimes red ; dark dots sometimes scattered on body and fins. Total length 650 millim.
Nile System, Chad Basin, Senegal, Niger. il, Nex, L. Menzaleh. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 2. Her. Near Ghet-el-Nassara, in fresh re water.
3. Skel. Nile. Dr. Riippell (C.). 4, Skel. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). 5. Ske. a3 L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 6-7. Her. Nile near Samannud. Ms 8. Ad. Rosetta Nile, downstream side 70 of barrage.
9-28. Yg.
29-31. Ad. & yg. 32. Ad.
33-36. Her. & yg. 37. Ad.
38. Yg.
39. Ad.
40-44. Yo.
45-54. Ye.
55. Ad.
56-58. Her. & yg. 59. Ad.
60-65. Her. & ye. 66. Ad.
67. Yg.
68. Her.
69-70. Ye.
71. Her.
72-73. Ad.
74. Her.
75. Ad.
76. Ad.
77. Ad.
78. Ad.
79-83. Her. & yg. 84-85. Ad. & her. 86. Ad.
BAGRUS.
Nile near Cairo, upstream side ofbarrage.
Cairo.
Birket Karun. BeniSouef.
Biba.
Between Assiut and Abu Tig. Nagadah.
Near Luxor.
Between Luxor and Assuan. Assuan.
I. of Arko.
Khartam.
Wad Medine, Blue Nile. Kaka, White Nile. Polkom, Baro R. (Sobat). Fashoda, White Nile. Bahr Zeraf.
Mouth of L. No, White Nile. Wadelai.
Fajao, Victoria Nile. Butyaba, L. Albert. Shari R. at Maidugari. St. Louis, Senegal. Kaédi, s Mureji, Upper Niger. Niger.
L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Dr. W. A. Cunnington and C. L. Boulenger, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Dr. Riippell (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, sq. (C.). Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Capt. 8. Flower (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). ” Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). M. P. Delhez (C.). J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). W. A. Forbes, Esq. (P.). 2. BAGRUS ORIENTALIS. Bagrus bayad (non Forsk.), Playf. & Giinth. Fish. Zanzib. p. 114 (1866). Bagrus orientalis, Bouleng. Ann, Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. 1902, p. 37. Depth of body 5 to 6 times in total length, length of head 3+ to 34 times. Head much depressed, 1} to 14 times as long as broad, smooth above or finely striated on sides of elongate fontanelle ; occipital long and narrow, narrowly separated from first interneural bone; snout times as long as eye, 2% times in interccular truncate, projecting beyond lower jaw, 2 to 22 which is 5 to 8 times in length of head and 2 or width; width of mouth 23 to 2} times in length of head; preemaxillary band of teeth 5 to 6 times as long as broad, nearly as broad as the band x2
308 SILURTIDE.
of vomerine teeth. Nasal barbel $ to 4 length of head, maxillary 14 to 2 times, reaching ventral or not quite so far, outer mandibular 2 to 4, inner mandibular 4 to 3. Gill-rakers rather long, widely set, 11 to 14 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 9-10, last ray above vertical of first ray of ventral; spine smooth, feeble, about 4 length of head. Adipose dorsal 4 to 5} times as long as deep, about twice as long as rayed dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 2 to 3 the base of the latter. Anal 14 (10 rays branched). Pectoral 3 to 3 length of head, its spine moderately strong, smooth, or very slightly serrated Bagrus orientalis.
1 Dype. 3.
behind. Ventral a little nearer caudal than end of snout. Candal deeply forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Brown or olive above, white beneath; black dots sometimes scattered on the back and on the adipose and caudal fins. Total length 550 millim.
Pangani River, Hast Africa, and Lake Nyassa.
1-2. Ad., types. Pangani Rh. Sir L. Playtam (C.). Be INGE L. Nyassa. Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.).
4, Her. H Prof. J. H. 8. Moore (C.).
3. BAGRUS DOCMAC.
Silurus docmak, Forsk. Deser. Anim. p. 65 (1775). Silurus bajad (non Forsk.), Sonnini, Tray, Heypt, p. 475, pl. xvi. fig. 2 (1800). Porcus doemac, 1. Geoftr. Deser. Egypte, Poiss. p. 204, pl. xv. figs. 8 & 4 (1827).