GENUS ANOPHELES 295 forwards. Costa of the wings dusky brown with yellowish intersections which lie lengthwise. There are spots also on the inner edge and middle part of the wings, but they are much smaller.
Habitat. — St. Domingo, Haj'ti, and noted as found in the Island of Porto Eico by V. von Eoder, in " Entomolog. Zeitung, Stetin," 1885, p. 339.
3. ANOPHELES ARGYROTARSIS, R. Desvoidy.
(Essai, p. 411.) An, albitarsis, Arribal. (" L. A.," p. 3G.) Wing with the costa black, interrupted by two small white spots, and a couple of basal white dots, in addition to which there is a large yellowish apical spot, involving all veins back to IV, inclusive. The remaining long veins are mainly white, and the fringe is interrupted at all the longitudinal junctions. Last three hind tarsals, and apices of the two other joints white ; fore legs with the three upper tarsals apically white-banded, the last two all dark ; mid with all joints so banded, but very indistinctly so, especially on the last two. Thorax and abdomen black, thickly clobhed with pale ferruginous scales.
The name of this species is somewhat a misnomer, as in most specimens the pale tips of the hmd tarsi are of the snowiest white in all ordinary lights. The male palpi are dark grey, with a white patch in the middle of the second joint and a band at its junction with the third, as well as some rather ill-defined markings on the club ; those of the ? are black, shaggy at the base, with all the tei-minal joint and minute bands on the next two articulations pure white. Only the apical white spot and the outer part of the costal interruptions are of any size, and these and the next internal alone affect the contiguous long veins. The greater part of the remaining long veins are pale scaled, but there are numerous short lengths of black on most of them. The anterior wing fringe has large interruptions opposite each longitudinal junction. Length. — 4 to 5mm.
Habitat. — -St. Lucia, Rio de Janeiro, Jamaica, British Guiana, Antigua, Grenada.
4. ANOPHELES PALUDIS, Theob.
(Monog. I, p. 128 ; Reports to Malarial Com. of R. S. E., p. 75 [1901].) Plate viii, fig. 3a, Wing of ? , and 3b, that of <? . Wings with the costa black, with two minute white interruptions, one sub-apical, the other j] base of forks ; a third spot on tbe auxiliary long vein, 1| forking of V, does not involve the costa; the rest of wing is mainly dark, and there is but one fringe spot,
296 GNATS OK MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XII placed at the posterior V junction. Last three hind tarsals and apical half of second, with a broad ring on that of first, all pure white ; in the fore and middle legs the upper three tarsals are apically white and the last two dark throughout. Thorax dark brown, with a grey bloom on the metanotura and sparse whitish scales arranged in irregular lines. Abdomen sooty, nude, with golden-brown hairs.
This is a very darkly-tinted species which can hardly be mistaken for the preceding. The 2 has tlie last three articulations of the palpi minutely white-ringed, and the hairs at extreme tip also pale. Those of the ^ can hardly be said to be banded, but like his legs, and in contrast to those of the $ , are elaborately speckled with wliite. The two upper fore tarsal points are minutely apically banded, but the mid pair have none, and the first hind tarsal is also unhanded. Length. — 5 to 5*5 mm.
Habitat. — Katmiga, Sierra Leone, Central Ah-ica. Observations. — "With the hind legs destroyed this species looks like A. Sinensis, but the white hind tarsi readily distinguish it. From A. argyrotarsis it can at once be told by the wings, which have the fringe with only one pale spot at the end of the lower branch of the fifth long vein, whereas in A. argyrotarsis there are several pale areas, and there are never more than two costal spots in this species." (Monog. I, p. 129.)
This species has been shown hj Christophers to be capable of harbom'ing the sexual stage of the parasite of human malaria. 5. ANOPHELES MAURITIANUS, de Grandpro et de Charmoy. " Les Moustiques," Port Louis. Planters' Gazette Press, 1900. = An. Paludis sub-species similis, Theob. (Monog. I, p. 129.) Plate vui, fig. 4. Wing of ? .
Wings almost exactly as in An. paludis, but with the fringe entirely dark, or with a lighter patch opposite the second posterior cell. Only two instead of three of the tarsal hind joints are wholly white, and the white-scaled decoration of the thorax is much better defined, recalling that of An. Lutzii. This form closely resembles the above, and Mr. Theobald describes it as a sub-species of that form, under the name of An. similis, sub. sp. n. Although dated 1900, MM. de Grandpre et d'Charmoy's publication did not reach us until the sheets of Mr. Theobald's monograph had passed " paged proof," so that his acknowledgment therein of the priority of the above name was impracticable. Apart from the difficulty of defining the status of a species, as compared with sub-species and varieties, the differences, however, appear as well defined, as those between
GENUS AKOPHELES 297 many acknowledged, distinct members of this closely allied series ; and hence it appears on the whole preferable to let it stand as distinct under the above name.
Head black, with a very meagre Avhitish frontal tuft ; palpi of S brown, with three whitish patches along the inner border of its club, and a few white scales near the base ; those of $ black with whitish tip, and very faint white bands on the last three articulations. Coxae marbled with dark patches surrounded by grey lines. Tlie wing has the exceptional peculiarity of having the minute shortest rank of marginal scales white. Abdomen black, nude, with brownish hairs. Length. — Over 5mm.
Habitat. — Salisbury, Mashonaland ; Central Africa ; Gold Coast ; Mauritius.
6. ANOPHELES MACULIPALPIS, ep. n.
Fig. 41. — Wing of An. viacuUpalpis $ (diagrammatic). Wings with the costa black, interrupted by four minute, almost snowy spots, in addition to a couple of basal dots : of the four outer spots, one is sub-apical ; one just outside the base of the anterior fork cell ; the third and largest, just inside the cross veins and the fourth well inside the origin of II ; there is an additional white spot on I, interrupting the long black area between the two last mentioned spots, and most of the long veins show one or more white spots, but the internal fringe is uniformly dark. Last three hind tarsal joints and apex of the next yellowish- white, but the tarsi otherwise quite unhanded ; though, together with all the other leg joints, elaborately spotted with patches of dark and light scales throughout their entire length. Ground colour of thorax sooty, marked by broad and distinct median and lateral stripes of white tomentum, the former bifurcating behind, besides which there were_ obviously numerous white scales when fresh. Abdomen black and hirsute throughout, but devoid of scales.
298 GNATS OK MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XII (J . — Head black, with a rather scanty bifid snowy frontal tuft and snowy scales on the nape. Proboscis and antennae fuscous. Palpi black, considerably longer than the proboscis, unhanded but elaborately maculated with snowy patches throughout their entire length. Pleune black with silvery markings. Halteres with pale stem and dark knobs. Venter sooty. Length. — About 5 mm.
Hahita f. — Salisbury, Mashonaland.
7. ANOPHELES FULIGINOSUS, Giles (First Edition, p. 160). = An. leucopus, Douitz ; Insect. Borse, 5-18 January, 1901, p. 37. Plate viii, fig. 7a, Wing J ; 7b, Palpi ? ; 7c, Palpi S' ', 7d, Scale from lobe of scutellum.
Wing spotted ; costa black, except at apex and base, and interrupted by three fairly large yellowish spots, involving the aux. and I. There are also two small black dots on the white basal portion of the costa only, and numerous black dots on the long veins. Last three hind tarsal joints and apex of second wholly white ; first, second and third tarsal joints of fore and mid legs apically tawny banded. Thorax black, with whitish yellow scales. Abdomen black, with some (mostly basal) white scales, and numerous golden hairs on the segments.
Head black, with a distinct bifid white tuft ; palpi of ? black with white tuft, and two narrow but distmct white bands on the articulations next to it ; the coxie have numerous silvery tufts ; the large black costal spot next but one to base extends to the corresponding portion of I, but is divided into three by two minute white interruptions. The wing behind I, is mainly pale ferruginous, but there are numerous black portions on the long veins, and the internal fringe shows distmct tawny interruptions opposite each longitudinal junction. Scutellum deep slaty-black, with creamy-white scales, which form two lateral tufts, small black bristles on the mid lobe, long ones at the sides; pleurte deep slaty-brown ; metanotum deep brown to black. This is Ross's " small dapple wing." Length. — 3*5 to 4-2 mm. Habitat. — Chingelput, Madras (common), Quilon, Punjab, Calcutta, Behar, Bengal.
Time of capture. — Madras in March, Punjab in June. 7a. ANOPHELES PALLIDUS, Theob. (Monog. I, p. 143.) A pale form of the above species, the wing of which is figured on plate viii, fig. 8a, is described as a variety, Anopheles pallidus, in Mr. Theobald's monograph. It is further distinguished from the darker form by the peculiarity of having the short inner rank of fringing wing scales concave at the end instead of rounded, vide plate viii, fig. 7e and 8b.
GENUS ANOPHELES 299 8. ANOPHELES JAMESII, Theob. (Monog. I, p. 134). Plate viii, fig. 6a, Wing ? ; 6b, Venation of 3' Wing ; 6c, Hind Tarsus. Wing with costa jetty black, interrupted by five white spots, the three outer and larger of which involve also the aux. and I, while the remaining two are mere dots near base of costa. Under the long black costal area there are two white dots on II. Eemaining veins mostly white, but beautifully beaded with black interruptions ; fringe black with small white interruptions at each longitudinal junction.
The two last hind tarsal joints with the apex of the third pure white ; the remaining joints and those of the other legs are apically white banded ; and together with the tibiae and femora, are elaborately adorned with brilliant white dots on a jetty ground, among which three on the hind first tarsals form complete rings.
5 .■ — Head black with white nuchal crown and frontal tuft ; proboscis black, exactly the same length as the palpi, the apical halves of the two last joints of which are pure white, and the remaining joints spotted in the same fashion as the legs ; antennifi black, two-thirds the length of proboscis ; with Avhite verticils, and at the base, white scaled. Thorax black, a sh arply limited dorsal area covered with a white bloom, ornamented with a median and oblique lateral, nude black lines, the borders of which are fringed with large white scales. Halteres with white stem and black knots. Abdomen sooty with dark brown hairs ; <? but little paler. The palpi are slightly longer than the proboscis, black, with a large white spot on the inner side of base of the last joint, and dotted white throughout. Claws of <? claspers very long. A small but beautifully ornamented insect. Length.— Z to 3*5 mm. Habitat. — Received from Gugranwalla, Shahjahanpur, Punjab, in October ; Ellichpur, in Berars, in February ; and also recorded by Theobald from Quilon, Travancore. Its most distinctive character is the peculiar banding of the hind first tarsal joints. 9. ANOPHELES THEOBALDI, sp. n.
Plate xi, fig. 4, Whig of ? .
$ . — Wing jetty black, with the costa interrupted by five obvious white spots, the basal dots being almost as large as the spots further out. In addition, there is an apical spot, and the other long veins, though mainly black, are elaborately marked with white lengths, and the fringe is interrupted at the junctions of all the long veins and their branches. The last two hind tarsal joints, with the apices of the other three, are pure white ;
300 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XII the first three joints of the fore and mid tarsi are apically whitebanded. The thorax and scutellum are sooty grounded, with broad hnes of white scales, two lateral and two sub-median. Abdomen sooty, nude, with brownish hairs.
This species was sent me first by Lieut. Glen. Listou, I.M.S., from Ellichpur, m the Berars, with a note pointing out its distinctness from any species mentioned in the first edition, and thougli on first sorting uiy collection, I was inclined to regard it as a dark variety of An. Jamesii, its distinctness was at once detected by Mr. Theobald, when we came to compare my collection with the types of that species in the museum. £t differs from it in possessing the additional apical white wing- spot, although the wing is generally darker, II. being entirely black ; and in but two, instead of three of the last hind tarsals, being all white. The head is black, with a bifid white frontal tuft, the nuchal crown white, and the nape black scaled ; antenna? black with whitish verticils ; proboscis sooty ; palpi intensely black, with the whole terminal joint and minute apical rings on the next three joints snowy white. Halteres with white stems and black knobs. Legs brindled with white scales throughout, the white preponderating on the lower svirfaces, with white knee-spots and a large sub-apical white patch on the femora; the tibise and first tarsal joints elaborately white ringed, especially on the mid legs. Length. — About 3 mm.
Habitat. — Ellichpur, in the Indian Berars, and also taken in nij' house at Shahjahanpur, N.W.P., on October 19th, 1900. 10. ANOPHELES ALBIPES, Theob. (Monog. I, p. 125).
An. Cuhensis, Agramonte (el progresso Medico, X, p. 460, December, 1900.) Plate viii, fig. 2a, Wing of ? ; 2b, Head of ? ; 2c, Wing of ^ ; 2d, Head of 3' '■> 2e, Hind tarsus ; 2f , Tarsal claws of ^ . Wings with the costa black, spotted with five smaller ferruginous spots, one over middle of fork-cells, the second just in front of mid cross- veins, and three smaller nearer the base, which may not quite involve all the costa ; other markings on long veins, and the fringe yellow at the tip and spotted at all but the sixth longitudinal junctions. Last three hind tarsal joints, and nearly half the second pure white, save for a black band at the base of the terminal joint ; mid tarsi with little indication of banding ; anterior with three or four apical yellow bands. Mr. Theobald originally described this as a distinct species, with which view I am disposed to concur, as in the males the cross-veins are placed 2 II 3, 4 internal, instead of alternate, as m An. argyrotarsis, of which he now regards it as a variety.
2.— Head with white frontal tuft; palpi rather shorter than the proboscis, black, hirsute at base, with all the end joint and apex of
GENUS ANOPHELES 301 third white ; antennae with white verticils. Thorax black grounded, ornamented with a median and a pair of lateral lines bordered with white scales ; halteres brownish. Legs deep brown with ferriiginous knees and dots on the side of fore and mid femora. Abdomen nearly black, with triangular patches of ferruginous scales on the hind part of the segments. $. — The palpi slightly shorter than the proboscis clothed with mixed brown and yellow scales, with a yellowish band on apex of second, and often on the two next joints, with large golden tufts to the club.
This species varies, especially as to palp-banding and fringe spots. It differs from An. argyrotarsis in the basal back band on the last hind tarsal joint, in the white spot near the tip of the wing being separated from the apex by a distinct black area, instead of being purely apical, in having but one instead of two rings on the continuity of the (? palpi, in the arrangement of the cross-veins in the ? , and in being altogether a darker species.
The larvae are found in streams and pools feeding on fibrous green algae, and vary from grey-brown to greenish, with white patches (T. M.). The adults are rarely found in European houses (Freeland). Lrvfjth. — Of ^ 3-5 to 4-5 mm. ; of ? 4 to 4-5 mm.
Habitat. — Jamaica (Dec. to February), Brit. Guiana, llio Janeiro, Antigua (March).
11. ANOPHELES MACULATUS, Theob. (Monog. I, p. 171). Plate ix, fig. 2a, Wing of ^ ; 2a, Head ; 2c, Palpi of c? • Wing with the costa black, but creamy-yellow just at the apex, with two large outer, two small middle spots, and two large basal dots, six in all, of the same tint ; on II, beneath the large black middle area, are two small white interruptions ; the rest of the wing is generally pale, but there are prominent black lengths on all the long veins, and the fringe is patched with yellow at each of the long junctions. Last hind tarsal joint all white, and its other joints banded on the articulations, as are those also of the upper tarsals of the fore and middle legs. Thorax dark grey, with brown lines, and a dark patch on either side, clothed with scattered falciform white scales, some long ones of which project from the anterior border. Abdomen black, with golden hairs, very dense towards the apex.
Head black, with black fork-scales except on a triangular patch in front, where they are white, especially large in the (? : basal joints of the antennae with some white scales ; palpi black, with the last joint and rings on the articulations white in the ? , less marked in the <? , in which one side of the club only is white. Legs with pale yellow spots
302 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XII and rings on the femora, tibiae, and first tarsals. Anterior tarsal claw single, with two accessory teeth. Genitalia of ^ clotlied with black, spade-shaped scales. Length. — 3'5 to 4 mm.
Habitat. — Hong-Kong (September and October).
l± ANOPHELES PHARCENSIS, Tbeob. (Monog. I, p. 1G9). Plate ix, fig. la, Wing of ? ; 11), Wing of J ; Ic, Abdomen. Wings with the costa black, interrupted in both sexes by a large white spot commencing just in front of the transverse veins ; between this and a small apical spot there is in the <y a fairsized white spot, and in the ? indications of one ; in both sexes there is a third white spot midway between the middle spot and the base of the wing, and there are a couple of basal white dots, but these are much better marked in the female. Almost all the wing field is yellowish, but with scattered black beads on all the long veins ; internal fringe dark, with pale interruptions at the apex and at all the longitudinal junctions. Last hind tarsal joint and apex of next all white ; remaining tarsal joints broadly, apically white-banded, except fourth and fifth, in fore legs. Femora and tibiae maculated. Thorax grey, with a pair of prominent black, eye-like spots. Abdomen black, with greenishyellow scales produced into apical lateral tufts in each segment. Head brown, with mainly white fork-scales. Palpi S rather longer than proboscis, greenish-brown, with indistmct markings produced by the darker bases of the joints ; those of $ fawn-colom-ed with tips and apical white bands of the joints white. Antennae closely covered with white scales up to the last two joints. The decoration of the thorax is very characteristic, its ground colour being really dark grey, with two intensely black spots, looking like a pair of eyes. Over this grounding is arranged a tomentum of greenish-brown scales, arranged so as to leave a pair of nude ant. sub -median and of post, oblique lateral lines. The tufts at the sides of the abdominal segments also render this species umnistakable. Length. — 8 mm. 2 ; 7 m.\\\. ^ .
Habitat. — Cairo (Januai-y), Central Africa, Mashonaland, Syria. 13. ANOPHELES PHARCENSIS, Theob., var. Albofimbriatus. Wings with their costa and apex straw coloured, with 4 large black spots, involving II, of about the same length as the pale intervals, the basal pale spot being unsymmetrically T-shaped, and with two black basal dots on the costa only ; the remaining long veins are clothed with pale yellow scales, with the exception of four or five minute black dots ; VI. being entirely pale, as also