PLAIN WINGED CULICES WITH BANDED PROBOSCIS 407 snowy spot at the base of the last jomt, and the next with a pale basal band. Pleurae brown, with grey patches. Legs deep brown, with white knee-spots. Tarsal claws of ? all equal and simple ; those of (?, unequal, with a single extra tooth on the larger claws of the fore and mid legs only. Halteres with dark stem and pale knob. Length. — About 4 mm. Habitat. — Jamaica, up to 4,900 feet, after the autumnal rains. " These insects follow one like a cloud." It seems possible that it may be merely a variety of C. cingidatiis.
30. CULEX INFULUS, Theobald (Monog. I, p. 370). Tarsi with yellow bands on the articulations, the first joints banded both at base and apex, but the upper one not extending on to the tibia. Thorax very dark, unadorned, but with some yellow scales in front. Abdominal segments dark brown, with yellow apical bands, very well marked behind. Proboscis black with a pale yellowish band in the middle, and a narrow one before the apex. Wings with 4 twice its length inside 3, pale at the base, with a distinct round, dark spot.
? . — Head black, with a few pale yellow scales and numerous black forked scales ; palpi black, with a few white hairs at the tip. Scutellum and pleurae alilve dark tinted. Legs dark below, with yellow femora. Halteres with pale stem and brown knobs. Venter yellowish. Length. — 5mm. It can be distinguished from the other "banded-proboscis" species by the small vitta just before the apex of the proboscis, as well as the broader central one, the basal and apical metatarsal and tarsal banding, and the dark round spot at the root of the wings. Habitat. — Described from a single ? from Perak, Straits Settlements. 31. CULEX TIGRIPES, de Grandpre et de Charmoy.
" Les Moustiquei," Planter's Gazette Press, Port Louis, p. 6. = C. maculicrures, Theob. Monog, II, p. 34.
Plate, xvi, fig. 4a, Wing of ^ ; 4b, of ? ; 4c, Head and appendages of 3 ; 4d, Thorax of var. Mombaensis.
Wing densely clothed with black linear and truncate scales ; tarsi unhanded, deep brown. Thorax unadorned, fuscousgrounded, clothed with curved golden scales. Abdomen deep chocolate, with ferruginous apical bands, broadened laterally by triangular basal patches of the same tint. Proboscis with a white band, sometimes incomplete above, beyond the middle. Femora black, their anterior borders decorated with equidistant ferruginous specks.
A very large gnat of a generally deep red-brown. The head has the nape clothed with yellow curved and black erect fork scales. In the ^
408 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII the antennae are one-fifth shorter than the proboscis, which is distmctly spatulate beyond the ventral white patch. The palps are subulate and greatly exceed the proboscis in length, and tho-.^gh not distmctly banded, show paler patches at the bases of the joints, and the last two joints have tufts of pale yellow hairs. In both sexes there are small pale knee-spots and apical tibial dots, and the venter is elaborately marked, especially on the hinder segments, with central fawn spots, separated from nearly pure white lateral patches by a narrow black streak curvmg backwards and outwards. The anterior and mid ungues are large and unsymmetrical, each claw being provided with a strong accessory tooth. A variety of this species, C. Momhaensis, having the thorax adorned with paler lines as in Plate xvi, fig. 4d, is distinguished by Mr. Theobald, in his monograph.
Habitat. — Southern and Central Africa, and also Queensland, according to Bancroft, who calls it the " long-lived mosquito," having kept it in captivity for five months.
Group III. — Culices with the Wings and Proboscis Unornamented, BUT with some or ALL THE TARSAL JoiNTS BaSALLY, PaLE Banded.
i. The abdomen with more or less distmct pale bands combined with lateral spots.
a. With distinct thoracic adornment.
32. C. Japonicics, Theob. Thorax dark, with five golden-scaled lines ; abdominal banding narrow but complete. Femora not gartered above the knee-rmgs.
33. C. albo-annulatics, Macqt. Thorax with golden scales, adorned with five dark bare lines. Abdominal banding incomplete. Femorfi with pale garters above the knee-spots. b. With the thorax unadorned.
34. C. occidentalis, Skuse. Most of the abdominal segments with narrow basal bands and spots. Wing scales all brown. 35. C. flavifr'ons, Skuse. Like the above, but with mixed yellow and brown wing scales.
36 C. imprimiens, Walker. Banded on the anterior abdominal segments only.
37. C. riibrithorax, Macqt. Abdomen black, with narrow basal bands on all but the two last segments and triangular lateral spots. Thorax brick-red.
38. C. marinus. Theob. Anterior four abdominal segments with basal, last two with apical, pale bands, with white lateral spots on the mid length of most of them. Wing scales mixed black and white.
39. C. vigilax, Skuse. Abdomen with narrow yellow basal bands, with white lateral spots. Thorax black, mottled with golden scales.
CULICES WITH BASALLY BANDED FEET 409 ii. Abdominal segments, with a pale median line or spots in addition to banding.
40. C. mactdiventris, Macquart. The transverse bands on the abdomen are placed on bases and apices of contiguous segments, and there is a yellowish -grey median Ime. Venter pale, with the hinder border of segments mottled black. 41. C. hirsutus, Theob. Abdomen black, with yellow basal bands and large apical median spots. Thorax chestnut, with a creamy median line and four lateral spots.
iii. Abdominal segments, with basal pale bands only. (None have any distinct thoracic adornment.)
42. C. vagans, Wied. Thorax with golden-brown hair-like scales. Leg-bands broad.
43. C. ccecus, Theob. Thorax tawny-brown. Leg banding minute. Anterior and mid tarsal claws of 5 toothed. 44. C.procax, Skuse. Thorax black, with golden scales. Tarsal claws of $ equal and simple.
45. C. vexans, Meig. Abdominal bands, white, narrowed in the middle. Tarsal banding narrow.
V. Abdominal pale bands placed on the contiguous borders of some or all the segments.
46. C. cantans, Meig. The abdominal bands spread out laterally so as to almost form lateral lines ; they are basal on the anterior, and basal and apical on the last three segments. Wing scales imiformly brown. Tarsal bands broad. 47. C. annulipes, Meig. Abdominal banding very indistinct. "Wings with some intermixed light scales.
48. C. sylvestris, Meig. Abdominal segment with pale basal bands narrowed in the middle, and the last two apically banded as w;ell. Tarsal bands narrow.
49. C. testaceus, Wulp. Abdomen black, with creamy scales at the bases and more at the apices of the segments. Tarsi banded on the hind legs only.
vi. Abdominal segments unhanded, but with pale lateral spots. 50. C. terrens, Walker. Has the second hind tarsal jomts entirely white.
51. C. tibialis, Desv. Second hind tarsal simply banded. Tibia intensely black, robustly ciliated.
viii. Abdominal segments without definite banding. a. With the thorax distinctly adorned.
52. C. vittiger, Skuse. Thorax conspicuously adorned with two pairs of broad yellowish stripes alternating with black intervals. Mid-length of abdominal segments rather darker, giving rise to indistinct banding.
410 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES CHAPTER XIII h. With the thorax unadorned.
53. C. flavescens, Theob. Abdomen uniformly ochreous. Tarsal bands j'ellow ; very broad.
32. CULEX JAPONICUS, Theobald (Monog. I, p. 385.) = C. aureostriatus, Doll. (?) Haturkundig Tidscb. voor Neder. Ind. (Deal. XIV, p. 385).
Tarsal joints black, with white basal bands on the three upper joints of the hind, and two of the raid legs ; fore legs unhanded. Thorax reddish-brown, with three parallel straight, and a pair of lateral curved stripes of golden scales, the median one forked behind, and enclosing a bare space. Abdomen black, with narrow white basal bands and white lateral spots as well as hght bristles on the hind borders.
$ . — Head dark brown, with white orbits and median and lateral patches on the nape. Appendages all nearly black. Pleurae with silvery puncta. Legs dark, tufted above, with large white knee-spots, which amount to a complete ring on the hind femora. Halteres with light stems and knobs. Ventral segments with broad white basal bands. Length. — 5*6 mm.
Habitat. — Tokyo, Japan.
Note. — The above name must be regarded as provisional, as in all probability it is synonj-mous with DoUeschall's C. aureostriatus, from Amboina. The only point on which his description does not correspond is that he makes the abdominal banding apical, but the huider frmge of light bristles masks their position, and it is easy to be mistaken on such a point, unless one regards its determmation as a matter of importance. Pending the receipt of specimens from Amboina, or exammation of DoUeschall's types, C. Japonicus must, however, stand as a provisional neAvspecies.
33. CULEX ALBO-ANNULATUS, Macqt.
Macqt. " D. E." p. 10, " Suppl. 4 " ; " S. A. C." p. 1732. Tarsi purple-black, with white tarsal bands to the upper three joints of the fore and mid legs, and on the upper four, of the hind. Thorax deep red-brown grounded, clothed with golden ''h scales, and adorned by five bare lines, as in marginal nip figure, which are rendered more prominent by edges of 'W white scales. Abdomen dark olive, with narrow white mcomplete basal bands, and with lateral spots placed at the mid length of the segments. Femora with white garters just above the apex. Fore tarsal claws of S , very unequal, the large one with one extra tooth, the small one simple.
CULICES WITH BASALLT BANDED FEET 411 Head brown, with median and lateral patches of pale curved scales and black forked scales ; palpi of 2 , black, with one white ring, and also the apex pale ; those of 3' , with four white rings. Pleura dark, with patches of white scales. Legs with minute knee-spots, dark except at the base, and on above, speckled bandings. Halteres yellow with fuscous knobs. Length.— 5 to 5*o mm.
Habitat. — Eastern Australia.
34. CULEX OCCIDENTALIS, Skuse (" S. A. C" p. 1729). Plate xvi, fig. 15, Tarsal claws of 2 ; 15a, Abdominal adornment. Tarsi dark, with all but the last hind, and the upper three joints of the fore and mid legs with basal yellow bands, broad on the hind and indistinct on the fore legs. Thorax reddish-brown, with hair-like golden scales. Abdomen sooty, with narrow yellowish patches and lateral spots at the bases of the segments. Tarsal cla\Ys of fore and mid legs thick, equal, each with an accessory tooth.
Head brown, yellowish round the orbits, and in the middle ; redder outside this, but with the flat-scaled side patches creamy ; palpi black, with the apex white ; proboscis black. Pleural testaceous, with creamywhite patches. Legs with the femora chestnut coloured, darker below, with small yellow knee-spots. Halteres yellow, with one side of the knob darker. Venter covered with mingled creamy-white and dark scales. Length. — 5-6 mm.
Habitat. — Victoria ; and King George's Sound, Western Australia. 35. CULEX FLAYIFRONS, Skuse (" S. A. C." p. 1735). Closely resembles C. occidentalis, differing only in there being some yellow scales intermixed with the dark ones of the wings, and that the first hind tarsal joints are rather longer in proportion to the tibise. Very doubtfully distinct.
Habitat. — Blue Mountams, N.S.W. and Brisbane, Australia. 36. CULEX IMPRIMIENS, Walker (Proc. Linn. Soc. v, p. 144).
Tarsi dark brown, with broad pale basal bands on the hind legs and less prominent markings on the upper joints of the other legs. Thorax unadorned, dark brown, with pale golden linear curved scales. Abdomen sooty, with traces of pale bands at the bases of the second and third segments, and also basal lateral spots. Fore tarsal claw^s of 2 , equal, with an accessory tooth.
412 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII 2 .—Head wanting in the single type. Scutellum chestnut ; pleurae chestnut with some white scales. Legs dark brown, but paler at their bases. Wings with bases of fork cells nearly even, and 4 twice its length inside 3. Ill prolonged inwards as an unsealed extension. Halteres pale with fuscous knobs. Length. — 6*5 mm. Habitat. — Amboina.
37. CULEX RUBRITHORAX, Macquart (" D. E." p. 9). Tarsal joints with white rings, especially distinct on the hind legs ; thorax brick-red, unadorned, but armed with four double rows of brown bristles. Abdomen black, with narrow basal white bands, except on the last two segments, and triangular lateral spots. Proboscis tawny, black at base and tip (sometimes all black).
5 . — Head black, with narrow, pale yellow orbits, behind which is a broad band of flat black scales, creamy-white on the nape and at the sides ; palpi black. Pleurae marbled chestnut and white. Legs dusky yellow, with minute paler knee-spots, the tibiae nearly black. Tarsal claws equal ; those of fore and mid legs, with an extra tooth. Venter white, with a few dark scales on the hinder borders of the segments. Halteres yellow, with dusky knobs. Length. — 5 mm.
Habitat. — Queensland ; Tasmania.
38. CULEX MARINUS, Theobald (Monog. I, p. 396).
Tarsi black, with rather narrow basal white bands on the upper three joints of the fore and middle, and on all the hind tarsal joints. Thorax black-grounded, with fawn and brown scales of the usual linear form. Abdomen covered with nearly black scales, dull purplish in some lights ; the first four segments with a broad basal band of creamy-yellow, to almost white, scales, the two following with creamy-white lateral spots, and the last two with creamy-yellow apical borders ; laterally are white central spots on most of the segments, which show above, towards the apex ; first segment with two patches of dark scales and a few scattered flat light ones, and numerous golden hairs. Proboscis dark, often with a tendency to a yellow band in the middle. Larger fore claw of ? , with two extra teeth. A few white scales intermixed with the darker ones along the costa. Head black, with scattered curved white, and black forked scales ; palpi nearly black, with white apex in ? ; those of 3- , with the last joint pointed, but the next two dilated, strongly tufted narrow pale basal bands to the last two jouats, and a small spot near the base. Pleurae dark brown, with white patches. Legs bronzy-black, with white
CULICES WITH BASALLY BANDED FEET 413 knee-spots and some scattered white scales above, especially on the undersides. Venter black, with scattered white scales. Most nearly resembles C. vigilax, Skuse. and differs from C. alho-annulatus, in having all the hind tarsals white banded, but there are no flat fusiform scales on the thorax. Length. — About 5 mm.
Habitat. — Queensland, Australia. Sometimes breeds in salt water. 39. CULEX YIGILAX, Skuse (" S. A. C." p. 1731).
Upper three of the fore and mid, and all the hind tarsal joints violet-black with white basal bands ; thorax black, mottled with golden scales and setae, but unadorned with any distinct marks. Abdominal segments narrowly banded in front with yellow, and with lateral patches of pure white. There is a tendency to banding of the proboscis.
Antennae dark brown, three-quarters the length of the proboscis, joints of the scaphus, ochreous brown ; head covered with dark brown, and indistmctly mottled with yellow scales ; proboscis about seven times the length of the palpi in the 2 , almost black, ochreous beneath, from just beyond the base to a little beyond the middle ; palpi dark brown, the last joint with white scales at the apex. Thorax almost black, densely covered with black and bronzy fusiform scales, closely applied and differing entirely from the usual Culex form ; mottled with small patches of narrow curved golden scales and setae ; metanotum nearly black, somewhat testaceous laterally ; halteres entirely ochreous. Legs black, with intermixed white scales, which predominate on the undersides of the femora, and with distinct golden knee-spots. All three pairs of tarsal claws with an extra tooth on each claw, the fore and mid being very unequal {vide Plate xvi, fig. 10, fore and hind claws of 3). Length. — 5 to 5*5 mm.
Habitat. — Eastern Australia.
40. CULEX MACLIYENTRIS, Macquart (" D. E."Cap. i, p. 7). Wings unspotted ; tarsi inconspicuously basally white banded ; thorax black with rufus tomentum, unadorned. Abdomen black, the segments with both the fore and hind borders and a median line yellowish.
"Thorax black with rufous tomentum. Abdomen black with the incisions and a dorsal line yellowish ; tarsi faintly white-ringed. Length 2 lines ($). Proboscis brown; palpi black, with the apex white; antennae brown. Frons drab. Abdomen black, with both anterior and posterior borders of the segments and a dorsal line of a greyish-yellow. Legs yellowish : tarsi black, with a little white at the base of each joint. Wings unspotted " (Macquart).
414 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII I have seen the type m the Jardin des Plantes, and this is certainly a most characteristically marked species. It is rather smaller than C. 2^wi^ns, and the proboscis is rather darker at the tip and base than in the middle. The eyes are black without any sign of lighter margin ; the antennae brown. The thorax and abdomen are absolutely as described, and the markings of the latter are very characteristic ; the venter pale with the hinder borders of the segments mottled black. The banding of the tarsi is so inconspicuous that it might easily be overlooked. The wings have the veins clothed with alternate white and dark brown scales, the fringe of the internal border being drab ; the second posterior cell is shorter, but a good deal wider than the first submarginal.
Habitat. — Algeria.
41. CULEX HIRSUTUS, Theobald (Monog. I, p. 392). Tarsi black above, paler on the last joints, with very broad and distinct white basal bands on all the dark joints, and with signs of them on the paler ones. Thorax dark brown, clothed with deep chestnut scales, and adorned with others of a creamy tint, arranged to form a median line and four spots. Abdomen nearly black, with basal yellowish bands spreading laterally, and nearly joined in the middle by large apical spots, especially prominent on tne hinder segments. Tarsal claws as in G. alhoannulatus.
Head with rows of dark brown, yellow, and creamy scales, and whitish orbits ; palpi of ? , dark brown, white at apex ; oi $ , with four yellow bands, one of which is close to its base. Legs pale above, and dark on the tibia, which has a broad white basal band, with small white kneetufts. Pleurge brown, with small white patches. Halteres pale yellow venter marked with black, white, and yehow scaled patches. Length. — 4 to 4' 5 mm ITaSi^ai.— Salisbury (4,000 ft.), Mashonaland.
Note. — The only Cidex with at all similar abdominal markings is Mr. Theobald's Albolineatus, but that has unhanded tarsi. 42. CULEX YAGANS, Wied. (- A. Z. I." p. 545).
Plate xvi, fig 14, Venation of wing of ? .
Tarsi deep brown with rather narrow ochreous basal bands to the three upper joints of the fore and mid legs, and broad ones on all but the last of the hind pair. Thorax with a clear brown ground, clothed with golden-brown, linear curved scales, unadorned. Abdomen deep brown with broad ochreous basal bands