INADEQUATELY DESCRIBED CULICES, UNBANDED FEET 469 139. CULEX FUSCULUS, Zetterstedt (1850).
(Dipt. Scaud. t. ix, "P. R." p. 278.)
Tarsi unhanded, yellowish-brown, especially on the last joints. Thorax clothed with ferruginous tomentum ; the pleurae dark slate colour. x\bdomen dorsally black.
Palpi of the $ , rather longer than the proboscis, and with the two last joints somewhat dilated ; the antennae with brownish plumes. Wings cinereous. Legs with the femora and tibiae yellowish, rather browner at the apices ; knees marked by a white spot. Abdomen dorsally black. Length. — Of the ^, 2| ; of the $,2 lines (Zetterstedt). Some individuals have dirty white spots on the sides of the abdomen. Mr. Theobald, who was lent a specimen of this species, figures the head with a peculiar median pale band, clothed with broad curved scales of exceptional form, and with the lateral flat-scaled areas very much broader than usual. The ? palp is shown with a very minute, beadlike end joint, and he figures also some scales, not unlike those of the head, but with long beaded stalks, on the scutellum. Habitat.— ZeiieMntedit described it from Scandinavia, and Siebke from Norway.
Unbanded-legged Species, Inadequately Described (Reproduced IN extenso from Mr. Theob.\ld's Monograph).
140. CULEX LURIDUS, Doleschall.
(Natuurkundig. Tijdsch. voor Ned. Ind. D. xiv, p. 384.) " Greyish-brown. Abdomen greenish, with black scales. Legs fuscous hoary. Wings pellucid, with black veins. Length. — 2^ lines. Smaller than C. setulosas, almost the same colour and markings. The abdomen is greenish-black, haired on the back with broad transverse stripes. " Habitat. — Middle Java (Gombong) ; during the dry season in houses."
141. CULEX RUPINUS, Bigot.
(Exp. Scientif. d. 1. Tunisia, Dipt. p. 7.)
" Pale fulvous. Antennas brownish. Thorax rufous above ; scutellum paler, clear drab, abdominal segments fuscous, broadly banded with pale brown bands. Wings very pale yellow. General colour pale yellow ; tergum reddish, darker laterally.
" Habitat. — Tunis, in May."
Note. — Probably a worn specimen.
470 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII 142. CULEX MOLESTUS, Wiedemann (" A. Z. I." p. 544). " Eeddish-browii, with black abdomen. Thorax deep red-brown. Antennae and other appendages brown. Abdomen black. Wings with brown scales. Length. — 1\ lines.
" Habitat. — Sumatra."
Note. — Described from a very defective specimen. 143. CULEX OCHRIPES, Macquart (" D. E." Sup. IV, p. 11). " Fuscous. (J palpi yellow, apex black, elongated. Legs ochreous. Length. — 3 Imes J .
" Thorax and abdomen brown (denuded). Proboscis yellow, brown at the apex ; palpi of S dilated at the end, longer than the proboscis by a third of its length, yellow, last joint black. Wings greyish, reddish on the outer border.
'■'■Habitat. — South America."
Note. — Arribdlzaga makes no note of this species; it was evidently described from worn material. I cannot trace the type. I (Mr. Theobald) do not think the species could be identified unless from the type. I expect it is either C. flaviiyes or C. fatigans.
144. CULEX SICULUS, E. Desvoidy (1827).
"Thorax pale brick-red, with grey hairs. Abdomen more or less brownish-red, pale yellowish in the S » with a brown band on each segment. Proboscis yellow, with the apex brown in the ? ; palpi and antennae brownish in the ? . Legs with the femora and tibiae pale yellow, the tarsi brown-ringed, knees with a silvery spot. Length.— Oi the $ , 2| lines, of the $ , 3 lines.
" Habitat. — Sicily."
145. CULEX SETULOSUS, Doleschall.
(Natuurkundig. Tijdsch. voor Ned. Ind. D. xiv, p. 384.) " Pale fuscous, hairy. Thorax slightly narrowed in front, thickly clothed with ash-grey hau's. Abdomen paler, bristly. Legs uniformly fuscous. Wings hyaline, scaly, with yellow veins. Length. — 2 lines. "Habitat. — Middle Java ; during the dry season in houses. Equally numerous and not less troublesome than C. nero." 146. CULEX GENICULATUS, Olivier (1791).
" Thorax cinereous, with two blackish lines near the middle line and two on the sides. Abdomen dorsally brown, with the borders of the
INADEQUATELY DESCRIBED CULICES, UNBANDED FEET 471 segments whitish. Legs with the femora white below and at the base ; tibiae and tarsi blackish. Proboscis black ; antennae brown. " Habitat. — Paris (Olivier, and R. Desvoidy)."
Note. — There has been no recent record of this doubtful species. 147. CULEX CALCITRANS, E. Desvoidy (1827).
[Essai sur les Culicides, Mem. See. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris (1827).] " Thorax dorsally reddish, with three brown stripes, and with the pleurae cinereous. Abdomen pale yellowish on the dorsum ; incisurae marked with black. Legs yellowish, with the tarsi brownish. Length. 3 lines."
Note. — I (Mr. Theobald) believe this is only a partly denuded ? Culex pipiens.
148. CULEX RUBIOUS, E. Desvoidy.
(Essai sur les Culicid. p. 404.)
"Antennae brownish; proboscis yellowish, with brown apex; palpi yellowish-brown. Thorax reddish, with a black dorsal line. Abdomen brownish, with triangular yellowish lateral spots. Wings brownish-yellow, with villous veins. Hind tarsi with white cilia. Length. — 4^ lines (?). " Habitat. — Carolina."
Note. — I (Mr. Theobald) have seen nothing answering to this, and Coquillett does not mention it.
149. CULEX MERIDIONALIS, Leach (1825).
(Zool. Journ. N. vii, Oct. 1825.)
" Head and thorax reddish-brown. Legs greyish-brown. Abdomen dorsally reddish-brown, with lighter bands on the dorsum of each segment behind. Length. — 5 mm.
^^ Habitat. — Nice."
Note. — Described by Leach in his paper " Description of Thirteen Species of Formica and Three Culex, &c. " (Z. J. vii, 1825). It is said by Leach to be common in Nice. It is probably only Culex pipiens. 150. CULEX PALLIPES, Macquart (1838).
= C. melanorhinus, Giles (1900).
[Dipt. Exoti. p. 33, Macq. ; Gnats or Mosq. p. 842, Giles (= melanorhinus).] " Fuscous. Thorax with rufous scales, the sides and pectus pale. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell longer than the second posterior."
472 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII Note, — Must not be confused with C. j^allipes, Meigen, which has the proboscis and basal bands on the abdomen yellow. To mark the distinction, the name Melanorhinus was given in the first edition, but in now, according to Macquart's name, a merely nominal status, this hardly remains necessary. — G. M. G.
aenus XV. DEINOKERIDES, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 215).
As no males have come to hand it is doubtful if this genus should be included in the Culicina or the J^domina. Its distinguishing cluracter is the structure of the antennce, which have the second joint of extraordinary length and clothed with scales. The only gnats which have antennae at all similar are the Megarhince and certain species of the genus Anopheles, but in none of these is the second joint so disproportionately long as in Deinokerides, and in these it is dilated, instead of tapering uniformly. The remaining twelve joints are also much longer than usual and are clothed with bristles nearly as stout as those of the rather ill-developed verticils.
Mr. Theobald defines his new genus as follows : — " Head clothed with curved thm scales on the vertex and with long orked upright scales, which are fimbriated at the apex as well as forked. Thorax with flat curved spindle-shaped scales. Abdomen covered with flat scales. Palpi of J , three-jointed ; antenncB with the second joint very long, as long as the three folloiving joints ; much longer than the proboscis. Tarsal claws of ? , equal and simple." 1. DEINOKERIDES CANCER, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 216). Thorax blackish, brown towards the scutellum, with scattered bronzy-black scales. Abdomen blackish-brown, with deep umberbrown scales ; venter paler. Legs brown, with bronzy reflections ; cox£e pallid ; femora yellowish at the base and underneath ; ungues of the female equal and simple.
5 . — Head blackish-brown, with greyish flat curved scales, somewhat creamy -coloured towards the front, with scattered brown forked upright scales; antennaj bright brown, basal joint yellowish, base of the second joint the same, fourteen-jointed, second joint very long ; palpi covered with chocolate-brown scales ; clypeus bright chestnut-brown ; proboscis blacldsh-brown, darkened and expanding towards the tip, paler at the base. Pleurae chestnut-brown. Wings with clavate scales on II. Hal-
THE CULICINA SUB-FAMILY 473 teres yellow, with the knob nearly black. Length. — About 4 mm. Habitat. — West Indies, Jamaica and St. Lucia. Very prevalent in the rainy seasons ; inhabits crab holes on the sea-shore, and also bred from larvce found in pools in a road.
Fig. 46. — Deinokerides cancer, Theob. ?. — a, Wing, showing distribution of different forms of scales ; b, antenna of $ ; c, arraDgement of scales on anterior fork ; d, on posterior fork ; e, twin scales from head ; /, linear curved scale from nape ; g, erect forked scale from nape ; h, proboscis and palp ; i, end of second antennal joint, showing peculiar sense-organs (probably olfactory).
Genus XVI. BRACHIOMYIA, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 343).
This genus is represented by a single species, and as m the preceding case, the ? alone is known, so that its position is doubtful.
It much resembles Deinokerides, but the second antennal joint is not quite so disproportionately long. The distinctive character of the genus lies in the first five joints of the antennae being clothed with scales, and in the fore and mid femora being dilated.
474 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII Mr. Theobald defines his new genus as follows : — " Head covered with very thin, narrow, curved scales, all pointing forwards ; niesothorax and scutellnm with small, narrow, curved scales ; antennte of the female fourteen-jointed, very long and filiform, the second joint long, the succeeding joints gradually becoming shorter, apical joint globose-oval ; the second to fifth joints densely covered with scales and with longish hairs, remaining joints with shorter hairs and no scales, verticillate hairs scanty and short, absent on the second and third joints ; basal joint globose, bare ; palpi short, four-jointed, apical joint the longest, the two basal joints small ; clypeus prominent, nude ; proboscis long, but not so long as the body. Legs with the fore and mid femora swollen ; fore and mid 'ungues equal and simple, the former straighter than the latter. Wings with venation as in Culex, the scales rather thick, either truncated (in middle of ^eins) or lanceolate laterally." 1. BRACHIOMYIA MAGNA, Theobald (Monog. 11, p. 344). Tarsi brown, unhanded. Thorax glistening brown, unadorned. Abdomen unhanded, steely-grey, with dull brown scales, sparsely mixed with yellow behind. Antennae of ? considerably longer than the body.
2 . — Head brown, with grey linear curved, and yellow erect forked scales; antennae fihform, brown, with the basal joint ochreous; palpi brown, short, three-jointed, the basal joint stoutest. Pleurae mottled yellow and brown, metanotima nude. Halteres yellow, with dusky knobs. Legs brown, pale at the base and on undersides of femora, which are dilated in the fore and mid legs. Tarsal claws equal and simple, with a large yellow empodium between them. Venter pale brown. Length. — 4"3mm.
Habitat. — St. Lucia, West Lidies.
475 CHAPTEK XIV.
The ^domina Sub-family.
In this sub-family the palpi was much shorter than the proboscis in both sexes. It is divided by Mr. Theobald into six genera as follows : — Section A. — Proboscis formed for piercing ; nietanotum nude. a. Palpi three- to five-jointed. Body showing generally a distinct metallic lustre.
One or more of the legs provided with a paddle-shaped expansion, formed of elongated scales. " 3 " nearer apex of wing than "4"; "2" nearer apex than "3"; III extended into basal cell Genus XVII. Sabethes} h. Palpi two- or three-jointed ; non-metallic. Wing scales large and flat, and bracket-shaped ; fork-cells normal Genus XVIII. Mdomijia.
Wing scales small, linear lUte Culex ; fork-cells normal Genus XIX. Mdes.
c. Palpi five-jointed ; fork -cells normal ; metallic Genus XX. Hcemagogus, d. Palpi two -jointed ; fork-cells very small ; with metallic spots of flat scales on the thorax and elsewhere Genus XXI. Uranotcenia.
Section B. — Proboscis formed for piercing ; metanotum armed with chaetae ; palpi small.
Proboscis rather or very long' Genus XXII, Wyeomyia. Genus XVII. SABETHES, Eobineau Desvoidy. (As modified by Mr. Theobald, Monog. II, p. 347. ) Plate xi, figs. 7 and 8.
(Essai s. 1, tri. des Culicides (1827), Rob. Desv. ; Brit. Mus. List i, 1 (1840), Walker ; Dipt. Arg. xi, p. 66 (1891), Arribdl.) Head clothed with flat scales. Thorax with small flat scales. Abdomen with small flat scales, palpi rather short in both sexes. ' Sabethes is included in the Culicina in Mr. Theobald's monograph, but the receipt of additional material has led him to modify his views on the subject, as the palpi are undoubtedly short in both sexes. The sheets of the Monograph were, however, in too advanced a stage to admit of the alteration being embodied in the text.
476 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIV Antennae fourteen-jointed, second joint small, the joints increasing in length towards the apex, very pilose in the 2 , more so in the $ . Legs scaled, certain parts being provided with very long, hair-like scales. Wings with rather broad scales, anterior fork- cell longer and narrower than the posterior; "3" nearer the apex of the wing than "2"; "4" nearer tlie apex still ; III carried through into the basal cell, and continued to the root of the wing as a spurious vein.
The characters given by Eobiueau Desvoidy for this genus are not sufficient, so that it has become necessary to modify the generic definition as above ; moreover, owing to the small number and bad condition of the few existing specimens, certain males had been mistaken for females, it is only while passing through the press, that a number of excellently preserved specimens have been received from Para which show that the palpi are really short in both sexes, and that the genus is therefore one of the ^JSdomina sub-family, S. remipes, Weid., being taken as the " type." The chief distinctive feature apart from the scale ornamentation is the position of the cross-veins. Although the forward position of the posterior cross-vein is similar to Mucidus, the wing scales at once prevent confusion between the two genera. The curious large patches of long leg scales occur again in Eret^najjoditcs , Theob., but here too, the venation readily separates them. Walker's Sabethes scintillans cannot be included in the genus. It is distinctly a Psowphora. The members of this genus are purely sylvan in habits, and appear to be very uncommon. The wing scales in this genus present a good deal of resemblance to those of Panoplites in general form, being distinctly unsymmetrical, and having a tendency to the same bracketshaped outline, but they lie close to the wing and have a strong metallic lustre quite wanting in the scales of that genus, owing to those of Sahethes being coarsely striated transversely, as well as longitudinally.
Of the three species, S. remipes and S. nitidus have a paddle on the mid leg only, while S. longipes has paddles on all three legs.
1. SABETHES REMIPES, Wied.
(Auss. Zweifliig. lus. i, p. 573 (1828), Wiedemann; Novara. Eeise. Dipt. p. 31 (1868), Schiner ; Hist. Nat. Dipt, i, 37, 18 (1884), Macq.) riate xi, fig. 7a, Wing of <? ; 7b, Head of S' I 7c, Antennae ? ; 7d, Mid leg of J ; 7e, Wing scale.
Wings unspotted, metallic violet-brown. Tarsi unhanded. Thorax and abdomen deep metallic steely blue, unadorned, but