CULEX — DARK FEET, APICAL ABD. BANDING 455 the banding being represented only by a brindling of black scales towards their bases. Tarsal claws of ? , long, black, simple. Head intensely black-grounded, with occiput and nape clothed throughout with linear curved, straw-coloured scales, mixed with erect forked scales, which are of the same tint in the middle, and black at the sides so as to form an indistinct paler median patch ; lateral fiat-scaled areas and orbits creamy ; antennae with the basal joint pale-scaled in both sexes, mtensely black elsewhere in the J , very markedly banded in the $• ; proboscis and other appendages clothed in the same way as the tarsi, the paler scales preponderating on the tip of the former ; palpi of ? , one-fourth the length of the proboscis, the paler scales very numerous about their mid length internally ; those of S^ , longer than the proboscis by more than the length of the last joint, the base of which, together with the apex of the next, is somewhat flattened out and furnished with dense brushes of strong black hairs, the paler scales preponderating on the articulations, so as to produce indistinct bandmg. Pleurce grounded light brown, with creamy patches. Wings with III, prolonged inwards as a distinct, unsealed vein. Halteres pale, with reddish knobs. Legs with the femora and tibiae rather regularly beaded with patches of the paler scales. Venter, creamy-white. Length. — About 7'5 mm.
Habitat. — Appears common throughout India in the rains, and recorded also from Straits Settlement, and China, Fou Chow. Captain James I. M.S., says the larva float nearly horizontally. 112. CULEX FUSCANUS, Wied. (D. E. p. 9).
Tarsi unhanded ; thorax rather dusky, with grizzly scales, arranged so that the ground colour shows through as four (darker) lines. Abdominal segments dusky, with light grey apical bands.
Generally dusky. Antennae dusky, palpi yellowish beneath, with two white spots, fuscous. Wings yellowish on the costa. Legs yellowishfuscous.
Habitat. — East India ; Malacca, Singapore, Sarawak (Wallace). Nothing answering to this description has been received in the British Museum.
113. CULEX TERRITANS, Walker (iMS. Saund. p. 428). Tarsi uniformly brown. Thorax brown, clothed with deep golden-brown scales, with two median dark lines ; abdominal segments brown, with whitish hinder borders. Tarsal claws of $ , equal and simple.
456 GNATS OE MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII 2 . — Head brown, with deep golden-brown, narrow curved and darker, upright forked scales ; antennae dark brown, testaceous at the base ; palpi brown ; proboscis brown, black at the apex. Pleurae brown, with a few white scales. Legs dark brown, bases and venter of the femora pale brown ; coxae chestnut-brown, with a few white scales ; knee-spots creamy-white. Halteres brown, with pale stems. Length. — 6 mm. Is quite distinct from C. inmgens, which latter has the abdominal segments basally banded, and maj' be a synonym of C, fatigans. Redescribed from Walker's type.
Hahitat.—Vmtedi States.
114. CULEX HORTENSIS, Ficalbi ("F. E." p. 292 ; " V. S." p. 69). Tarsi uniformly blue-black. Tliorax mouse-coloured, tending to yellowish, without special adornment. Abdomen black, with narrow white apical bands. Tarsal claws of $ , equal and simple.
Head dark, with the nape and narrow orbits yellowish-white ; proboscis blue-black, rather pale at the apex ; antennae grey, with a ring of whitish scales on the basal joint ; palpi of $ , blue-black, with a white ring on the middle ; the last joint oblong ; those of $ , longer than the proboscis by half the length of the short last joint, subulate, not very hirsute, blue-black, with a ring on the middle, and a basal spot of white scales. Pleurae, spotted and speckled white. Legs blue-black, except the base and undersides of the femora, a distinct white knee-spot, and an apical white ring on the tibiae. Wings nearly black, with the fork cells much longer than then- stems. Halteres pale. Venter white, with black lateral spots. Length. — About 5-5 mm. (?, and 7 to 5 mm. $ . Habitat, — Italy ; said not to bite.
Subdivision VI. — Culices ivith tmhanded tarsi and abdomen, hut the latter ivith imle lateral spots.
a. With obvious thoracic adornment.
115. C. serratus, Theob. Thorax brown, with a broad pale median stripe. Abdominal spots white, most marked behind. 116. C. lateralis, Meig. Thorax with bronzy scales ; showing a fine median, and broad lateral white hnes. Venter brown, with basal white bands.
117. C. subalbatns, Coquillett. Thorax dark in the middle, white at the sides. Venter with silvery bands, prolonged on to the sides of the segments.
DARK-FOOTED CULICES ; ABD. LATERALLY SPOTTED 457 h. The thorax without distinct colour markings. a. "With the venter banded.
118. C. atratus, Theob. Abdominal spots white, most distinct behind. Venter with broad creamy basal bands. 0. With the venter white.
119. C. scholasticus, Theob. Abdominal spots white. Thorax chestnut, with traces of paler lines.
120. C. cinereus, Theob. Abdominal spots white. Thorax grey. 121. C. nigrochcetcB, Theob. Abdomen sooty, with a few white lateral scales. Thorax black, except the scutellum, which is yellowish.
122. C. atripes, Skuse. Abdominal spots silver3^ Thorax dark violet, with a white oblong spot before the wings. 123. C. iracundus, Walker. Abdominal spots white. Thorax goldenbrown.
7 The venter yellow.
124. C. Freetownensis, Theob. Abdominal spots small, white, apical. Thorax dark grey.
125. C. modestus, Ficalbi. Abdominal spots triangular, yellow. Thorax black on the dorsum ; yellowish-white behind. 5. The venter grey.
126. C. nebidosus, Theob. Lateral spots dull grey, minute. Thorax tawny-brown.
127. C. injiictus, Theob. Abdomen black, with triangular basal white spots. Thorax brown in front, pale behind. 128. C. rimosus, Theob. Abdomen brown, with four white apical lateral spots.
115. CULEX SERRATUS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 45). Plate xvi, fig. 18, Tarsal claws (fore and mid of J , and fore of ? ) ; 18a, Adornment of thoi-ax and head.
Legs uniformly dark brown. Thorax dark brown, with a broad stripe of creamy-grey in the middle. Abdomen brownishblack, with basal white lateral spots, especially noticeable on the apical segments. Ungues of ? , equal, uniserrated ; of <? , unequal in fore and mid legs, the larger one with two teeth, the smaller with one tooth.
Head marked with bro-\vn and white as in figure ; some of the forked scales are yellow ; proboscis and palpi dark brown, with some grey scales near the end in both sexes ; those of the <?, but little longer than the proboscis. Pleura reddish-brown, with white patches. Legs
458 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII with the under surfaces of femora and tibiae pale. Halteres pale ochreous. Venter almost entirely white-scaled. Length. — About 6 mm. Hahitat.—'SiO-aih. America : Eio de Janeiro and Lower Amazon. New Amsterdam, Trinidad.
116. CULEX LATERALIS, Meigen ("S. B."i, 5; "P. R."p. 282).
= C. albopimctatus, Roudani (fide Ficalbi).
Tarsi uniformly black. Thorax black, covered with bronzybrown scales, with a narrow median, and broad lateral white lines (vide fig. 2, p. xvii), contracted about the middle of the mesonotum ; numerous pale scales in front of the scutellum. Abdomen dusky-black, with basal lateral white patches. $ . — Head black, with creamy spmdle-shaped scales in the middle, and forming a row behind, pure white at the sides, between which, on the occiput, is a patch of black, curved scales with scattered long forked scales, niostly ochreous in front, and black behind ; a small pale patch just in front, projecting between the eyes ; border of the eyes with a narrow white rim ; antenna dark brown, basal joint very dark brown ; proboscis black ; palpi rather long, covered with black scales showing metallic violet reflections. Legs with pale coxae, bases of the femora, and knee-spot white ; remainder dark brown. Halteres white scaled. Venter brown, with basal white bands. Differs from C. ornatus in having only abdominal spots in place of bands. Length. — 6'5 mm. Habitat. — Recorded from most parts of Europe, including England. 117. CULEX SUBALBATUS, Coquillett.
[Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxi, p. 302 (1899).] Tarsi black. Thorax brownish-black in the middle, and white at the sides. Abdomen brownish-black, with silvery lateral spots.
5 . — Head and appendages black, except the basal half of the second antennal joint, which is yellow ; the first joint, and the occiput next the eyes, covered with white tomentum ; proboscis curved downwards towards its apex. Pleura; nearly black, with several white-scaled patches ; tufts of black hairs above the roots of the wings ; scutellum, metanotum, and post-angles of thorax yellowish-brown. Halteres yellow with brown knobs. Venter with silvery bands, which are prolonged on to the sides of the segments. Length. — 7 mm.
Note. — Coquillett describes the fore tarsal claws as unequal, with the larger claw only with an accessory tooth. Mr. Theobald remarks that
DARK-FOOTED CULICES ; ABD. LATERALLY SPOTTED 459 if this be accurate, it is tiie only instance of such an arrangement in the 5 , out of over 300 species he has examined.
Habitat. — Japan (no specimens have been received in the British Museum).
118. CULEX ATRATUS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 55).
Tarsi nearly black. Thorax deep umber-brown to almost black. Abdomen black, sometimes with a dull coppery-brown sheen ; each segment with small lateral basal white spots, most distinct on the apical segments ; venter with broad basal creamy bands. Fore and mid ungues of the $ , unequal, the larger with a long median tooth, the smaller with a sharp basal tooth ; hind equal and simple.
Head with whitish, curved linear, and black erect forked scales, rather darker just inside the lateral fiat-scaled patches, with a bare median line in the <? , darker on the frons, but with white orbits. Appendages dark brown to black ; palpi of <? , not quite so long as the proboscis, the fourth joint and end of third, much expanded and armed with strong black tufts ; proboscis of ? , much expanded near the end. Wing with the scales of the anterior long veins wider than common. Pleurae brownish, with a row of black bristles down to the coxae of mid legs. Legs dark brown, to almost black, except at the base ; a pale knee-spot, and another at the tibio-metatarsal joint. Halteres with a dark lateral line on the pale stem and the knob fuscous. Ventral segments impure white, with narrow black hinder borders. Length. — Under 3 mm. Habitat. — West Indies; Jamaica, Trinidad. " A terrible pest in mangrove swamps."
119. CULEX SCHOLASTICUS, Theobald (Monog. 11, p. 120). Thorax chestnut-brown, with small dark brown curved scales, and traces of two paler longitudinal lines ; abdomen covered with dusky scales, each segment with a lateral, dull white, basal triangular spot. Tarsal claws of the $ , small, equal, simple ; of the t? , unequal in fore and mid legs, equal and simple in hind ; fore and mid uniserrated.
Head with grey, curved linear, and black, erect forked scales, and with lateral flat-scaled white patches, quite silvei-y in the ^ ; antennae brown, brindled in the <y ; palpi of J » black ; those of <? , longer than the proboscis by almost all the two last joints, brown at base, black at apex, subulate, and not tufted. Pleurae pale brownish-grey, with a few white Legs unhanded, covered with deep purplish-black scales with
460 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII sometimes bronzy reflections : coxae pallid ; femora pale beneath. Halteres grey, with fuscous knobs. Venter densely white-scaled. Length.^ About 5 mm.
Habitat. — Grenada and St. Lucia. West Indies.
120. CULEX CINEREUS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 58). Tarsi dark brown. Thorax covered with dense grey scales. Abdomen dusky-black ; the segments with lateral white patches, which are more or less connected to form a white lateral line. Head covered with grey scales, slightly darker behind; eyes bordered with a thin pure white line ; palpi dark brown in both sexes, those of the <? , longer than the proboscis, except the extreme tip, which is white ; proboscis dark brown ; antennae brown, as long as the proboscis. Pleurae, metanotum, and scutellum ochreous -brown, the last with the bristles of its mid lobe arranged in two separate lateral tufts. Legs dark brown, with femora i^ale beneath ; coxae pure white. Halteres entu-ely pale. Venter white-scaled. Length. — About 6 mm. Habitat. — Freetown, Sierra Leone, in houses.
121. CULEX NIGROCHiET^, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 60). Tarsi dark brown. Thorax blackish, densely covered with narrow curved fawn-coloured scales, with a dark median line when denuded, and black bristles ; metanotum pale chestnutbrown ; abdomen dusky-black, olive-brown on the dorsum, with a few white lateral scales. Fore and mid tarsal claws of 3 , very unequal, the large claws with an accessory tooth, the smaller simple {vide Plate xvii, fig. 3).
Head brown, with narrow white orbits, the clypeus chestnut-bi-own ; appendages nearly black, but the proboscis rather paler and reddish at the tip ; palpi of ^ , with the second joint short, about half the length of the apical joint ; apical joint with a few black bristles ; the verticils of the antennae springing from the middle, instead of, as usual, from the bases of the joints. Pleurae, metanotum, and scutellum more or less ochreous, the last with the bristles of the mid lobe arranged as a continuous fringe. Legs dark brown. Venter whitish. Halters with pale stems and fuscous knobs. Lengt7i.—3-5 mm.
Habitat. — Lagos, West Africa.
122. CULEX ATRIPES, Skuse (" S. A. C." p. 1750). Wings unspotted. Tarsi uniformly coloured. Thorax dark violet, with prothoracic lobes, an oblong spot before the roots
DARK-FOOTED GULICES ; ABD. LATERALLY SPOTTED 461 of the wings, and the pleurae whitish. Abdominal segments not banded, but with a silvery spot on either side. Knees with a minute spot.
Head and appendages intensely violet-black, but for narrow silvery eye-borders. Scutellum ochreous, violet-brovi'n scaled above and fringed with long hairs ; metanotuni red-brown. Legs violet-black, with some white scales intermixed on the basal halves of the femora. Halteres with pale stems and dusky knobs. Venter densely silver- scaled. Length. — Under 4 mm.
Habitat. — AustraUa (N.S.W.). No specimens of this species have been received in the British Museum.
123. CULEX IRACUNDUS, Walker (" List," p. 6).
Tarsi unhanded. Thorax dark brown, with pale golden linear curved scales. Abdomen purple-black, with white lateral spots. Tarsal claws of $ , equal and simple.
Head fusco-testaceous ; palpi of ^ , rather shorter than the proboscis. Pleurae brown, with white scales. Wings with stem of ant. fork cell half the length of the cell, and 4 far internal to 3 : the type is too rubbed to admit of certainty, but Mr. Theobald thmks that the characters of the wing-scales are those of TtEniorhynchus, rather than of Cidex. Halteres pale, with dusky knobs. Length. — 3| lines.
Habitat. — New Zealand.
124. CULEX FREETOWNENSIS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 69). Thorax dark brownish-grey, with long greyish scales, and three lines of black bristles. Abdomen dusky-brown, with small lateral patches of white scales on the apical borders of the segments ; venter pale, ochreous when denuded. ? , ungues equal and simple ; fore and mid ungues of the $ , unequal, uniserrated, the fore nearly straight, the smaller only a little shorter than the larger ; the mid more unequal, the larger one curved ; hind ungues equal and simple, small.
Head brown, with a border of brownish- white scales around the eyes, and over the occiput, with numerous scattered dark upright forked ones ; proboscis black, slightly paler at the tip ; palpi black in the $ , deep brown m the S, with scanty black tufts. Pleurae brown, with white patches. Legs deep brown, with rather a coppery sheen ; coxae, bases of the femora, and their ventral surfaces, pale grey. Halteres with pale stems and fuscous knobs. Venter yellowish. Length. — 4'5 to 5 mm.
Habitat. — Freetown, Sierra Leone.
462 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII 125. CULEX MODESTUS, Ficalbi (1889), (" F. E." p. 279). Tarsi black, unbaaded. Thorax unadorned, dorsally blackisb, yellowish behind ; abdomen dorsally dark brown, with triangular yellowish lateral spots and sparse lateral yellow hairs, but clear yellow beneath. Tarsal claws of ? , equal and simple, those of fore and mid legs of ^ , unequal, each with an accessory tooth. Head witli the nape brown and somewhat paler orbits ; proboscis nearly black ; antennae brown, with a yellowish basal joint ; palpi nearly black, those of ? , with a long end joint, those of the ^ , longer than the proboscis by the greater part of the last joint, subulate, and differing from those of C. iripiens in not being tufted. Pleurae yellowish. Legs nearly black, with the coxae and the femora below yellowish, the former with a few black scales. Venter uniformly yellowish. Length. — 6 to 7 mm., including the proboscis.
Habitat. — The Marshes, near Ravenna, Italy.
NoTE.^Mr. Theobald thinks that this species is distinct from Zetterstedt's C. fwsculus.
126. CULEX NEBULOSUS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 31). (Rept. Liverpool School Trop. Med. 1901.)
Tarsi uniformly dark brown. Thorax brown, with tawnybrown scales, but showing two darker lines when denuded. Abdomen dark brown, with traces of dull grey apical lateral spots. Qpper leg joints unadorned.
5 . — Head dark brown, with narrow curved, dull golden-brown scales, numerous brown upright forked ones and a distinct white border round the eyes, and w^hite scales at the sides ; clypeus, proboscis, palpi and antennae brown, basal joint of the latter testaceous at the base. Scutellum brown, with very narrow, almost hair-like, pale scales, six bristles to the mid lobe ; metanotum dark chestnut-brown. Pleura? brown and ochreous, with scanty flat white scales. Legs brown ; coxse and trochanters ochreous, the former with dull white scales ; femora dull pale ochreous beneath. Halteres yellow, with dusky knobs. Venter grey and brown. Length. — About 3-7 mm. Habitat. — Old Calabar, Africa.
127. CULEX INFLICTUS, Theobald (Monog. II. p. 115). Tarsi uniformly black. Thorax brown in front, pallid behind, small pale brown curved scales on anterior part and three double rows of black bristles in front, two behind. Pleurije pallid. Abdomen dusky-black, with basal white, triangular, lateral spots.