PLAIN WINGED CULICES WITH WHITE TIPPED FEET 423 63. C. ijulcliritarsis, Rondani. Closely resembles the two above species. Tarsal claws of $ , equal and toothed. Palpi of male banded, but its last joint not all white. 64. C. 2>ulchri2}al2}is, Rondani. Closely resembles the three above species, but has the last joint of ^ palpi all white. (The form of tarsal claws of ? , is unknown.)
58. CULEX LONGIPALPIS, Van dei Wulp (Bijdragen der Midden Sumatra Exped. iv, p. 9). Tarsi dark, with basal white bands, an additional band on the middle of first joint, and the last two joints of all the legs whitish, the whife clearest on the hind legs. Thorax red-brown, unadorned. Abdomen nearly black with pale basal (?) bands ("lighter incism-ffi "). Proboscis yellowish in the middle but dark at base and apex. Palpi of ? , as long as the head, and " two-jointed." 5 ,• — Generally fuscous. Antennae, dark brown, indistinctly lighter banded. Legs with coxae brownish-yellow, the femora and tibiae clothed with white and black scales so as to give a spotted appearance. Halteres yellow. Anus ferruginous. Length. — 4*5 mm.
Habitat. — Alahn Pandjang and Soeroelangcen.
59. CULEX LEUCACANTHUS, Loew.
[Bescha. Europiiischer Dipt. Dritter Bd. Halle (1873)] ; "P. R." p. 265. Tarsi dark except the last joints, which are all white, and with pale bands on three of the fore and mid, and on four of the hind articulations. Thorax brazen yellow, with two ill-defined darker longitudinal streaks ; abdominal segments black, with basal white bands. Palpi of the 3 , whitish ; an abundance of whitish hairs on the body, and the internal wing-fringe of the wing characteristically brilliant white.
3' . — Head of a pale brassj' tint, with nearly black hairs ; palpi whitish. Pleurae speckled snow-white. Legs nearly white at the base with a white knee-spot on the tibio-femoral articulation. Length. — Very minute, 1§ lines.
Habitat. — Kasan.
Note. — This is evidently a very distinct species, but nothing resemblingithascometohand, 60. CULEX ALBITARSIS, Theob. (Monog. II, p. 25). Tarsi pallid in seme lights, with the last two joints of the hind legs and the apex of the next white ; and showing also a
424 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII band on the tibio-tarsal articulation of all the legs, though the fore and mid pair are otherwise unhanded. Thorax unadorned, clothed with dark bronzy scales. Abdomen, with the last segments yellowish, deep golden-brown in front, with creamy, lunate basal bands, and with lateral spots on the second to seventh segments (vide Plate xvi, fig. 16a).
S' • — Head deep brown with linear curved, and erect forked scales, alike of a golden tint, yellow orbits, and fiat-scaled lateral patches ; palpi. brown, with the last joint clubbed, and the apex of the next joint, and a band half way down yellow (Mr. Theobald can only detect two joints in the appendage) ; antennae and proboscis, golden-brown. Pleurae dark grey and rich ochreous, with a patch of creamy scales. Ventral segments, golden, with narrow black hinder borders. Legs yellowishbrown ; tarsal claws of fore and mid legs unequal with an accessory tooth (Plate vi, fig. 16). Halteres pale with fuscous knobs. Length. — 6 mm.
Habitat. — Bonnj', West Africa ; July.
61. CULEX DORSALIS, Meigen.
(Syst. Beschr. iv, 242, 18, at i, 2, 3, Meigen ; Dipt. Scand. ix, 3464, Zetterstedt ; Isis (1831), 1203, 50, Ruthe ; Fn. Austr. ii, G27, Schiner ; Dipt. Near. 325, Van der Wulp; Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. p. 246 (189G), Ficalbi ; Ent. Mo. Mag. p. 228 (1895), Austen.)
Tarsi dark brown, with rather broad yellow bands on the tibio-tarsal and tarsal articulations, except the last tarsals, which are dark. Thorax brown, with bright tawny-red and pale creamy, curved scales forming two lines on the mesothorax, and also forming a line in front, and a patch before the scutellum. Abdomen brown, with a few scattered pale scales, and creamy basal bands, a central line of pale yellow scales and pure white lateral spots. Ungues equal and simple in the ? . Wings with numerous white scales, intermixed with the darker ones, especially along the costa.
2 . — Head brown, with pale yellowish curved, in the middle, upright pale forked, and ochreous flat scales at the sides ; antennae brown, basal joint bright ferruginous, basal and next few following joints with creamy scales ; palpi yeUowish-brown, with brown and dull creamy scales, especially numerous at the apex ; proboscis brown, darker towards the tip. Pleurae brown, with numerous whitish scales. Legs clothed with mixed yellow and black scales, the latter most numerous towards the apices of the long joints, and with white knee-spots. Venter, witli scattered white scales. Length. — 5 to 5'5 mm.
Habitat. — Northern Europe, including East Coast of England, where
PLAIN WINGED CULICES WITH WHITE TIPPED FEET 425 it is known as the " Norway Mosquito," having been introduced, it is said, some twenty-five years ago in a j'acht, from Norway. Note. — I have seen the types in the Jardin des Plantes, and they afford a good illustration of the uncertainty of the older descriptions of gnats. One of the types is really, I think, a specimen of C. x>ipi6ns that has somehow got misplaced, but the other four, which are in very fair condition, answer well to the above description, although this differs from Meigen's, in some points.
62. CULEX PENICILLARIS, Eondani.
(Boll. Sec. Ent. Ital. (1872), Rondani ; Venti Sp. Zanzare Italiane, p. 112 (1899), Ficalbi.
Closely resembles C. dorsalis, Meig., but differs, according to Eondani, in the tarsal banding being less obvious. The fore and mid tarsal claws of the ? are equal and toothed, not simple as in Meigen's species. Length 5 to 9 mm.
Hah itat. — Italy .
Note. — After reading the descriptions of the above, to say the least, very closely-allied species, including Ficalbi's arguments as to their distinctness, I am left with a strong suspicion that they should all (penicillaris, pulchritarsis, and xnilchri'palpis, Rond.) stand as varieties of C. dorsalis, Meig. This in spite of differences in the tarsal clawsi which Coquellett may, after all, be right in regarding as variable. Ficalbi argues, for example, that Rondani's j^^nicillaris cannot be dorsalis because Meigen describes the banding of the tarsal joints as basal, but as a matter of fact, Meigen's types show that his description was erroneous, a,s their tarsi are really banded exactly as described by Ficalbi for penicillaris.
63. CULEX PULCHRITARSIS, Eondani.
(Sp. Ital. Culex, Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. (1872), Rondani ; Venti Sp. Zanzare, Ital. p. 133 (1899), Ficalbi.
Tarsi with the last joints entirely white, but with the others nearly black, with broad snowy bands on all the articulations includmg the tibio-tarsal. Thorax dark, with golden scales, but unadorned. Abdomen chocolate-brown, with narrow strawcoloured basal bands, which expand at the sides into lateral spots with the apex behind. Tarsal claws of ? , symmetrical, each with an extra tooth on the fore and mid legs, simple behind. Wings, brindled with a mixture of nearly equal numbers of black and of white scales.
426 GNATS OK MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII Head brown : palpi of ? , brown, the small fourth joint bro-wTiishblack with a white apex ; in the <? , longer than the proboscis, slightly clubbed, brown, with pale rings at the base of the last three jomts, hair tufts maroon-brown, pale at their apices ; antennae of the ? , brownishblack ; in the <? , with maroon-brown plumes, with pale reflections ; basal joint with white scales : a white border round the eyes. Pleurae speckled white. Legs clothed with mixed white and black scales, the former preponderating on the femora, except at the base and apex, tibi* darker. Fore tarsal claws of ^ , with two extra teeth to the larger, and one on the smaller claw. Length. — 7 to 8 mm. , Habitat.— li&Xj.
64. CULEX PULCHRIPALPIS, Kondani. (" F. V. S." p. 172). Last hind tarsal joints entirely white, the rest nearly black, with rather narrow pale bands on the articulaMons, rather indistinct on the fore and mid legs. Thorax with brazen-yellow scales. Abdominal segments chocolate-brown, with rather naiTow tarsal bands, expanding into triangular lateral spots. Palpi of $ , about length of the proboscis, with the last joint entirely white, and three white rings.
(J . — Head yellowish and brown ; antennee brown, with white scales on the basal joint. Pleurse grey, sprinkled with white scales. Legs generally dark but with white knee-spots, and the bases and undersides of the femora pale ; the apices of the tibiae participating in the uppermost tarsal bands. Length. — Including the proboscis, 7 to 8 mm. Habitat. — Italy. Eedescribed by Ficalbi from a single <? specimen in Eondani's collection, but not noted by any other author. Baxded-Legged Species, Inadequately Described, and hence or ONLY Nominal Status.
65. CULEX CASPIUS, Pallas.
^ C. jjarvics, Macquart (?).
(Reisen derch das Russisch. Reich. Pallas ; Nou. Suit, a Buffon, Hist. Nat. d. las. Dip. t. i (1834), Macquart.)
Like C. pipiens, but a little smaller, with the same buzz and ferocity; greyish. The thorax with cinereous stripes ; tarsi indistinctly banded ; covered with short pubescence, the wings also with delicate frmges on the veins and margin. Antennae filiform hi both sexes ; proboscis longer tlian thorax, its sheath snowy white ; palpi very short, scarcely as long as the head, thick.
Habitat. — Marshes near the Caspian Sea ; treacherous, very coimnon and numerous.
INADEQUATELY DESCRIBED CULICES, WITH BANDED FEET 427 66. CULEX PARVUS, Macquart (1834). [Nou. Suit, a Buff. Hist. Nat. d. Ins. Dipt. torn, i (1834).] Wings unspotted ; tarsi with white rings ; for the rest like Culex pipiens. Lengtli. — 2 lines.
Habitat. — France.
Note. — Possibly the same as the preceding. 67. CULEX NICAENSIS, Leach (Zool. Journ. ii. 292, 2, Leach). Head and thorax dark brown. Legs cinereous, with tarsi grey ringed. Abdomen dark brown, all the segments bordered behind with cinereous. Length. — 10 mm.
Habitat. — Nice ; common.
Note. — Not noticed by Ficalbi, or any recent observer ; the tj'pe apparently not existuig.
68. CULEX ANNULITARSIS, Macquart (" D. E." i, p. 8). = C. fasclatus, Fabricius (?).
Fuscous ; tibse white ringed ; first hind tarsal joints whitish, with fuscous rings. Length.— 2 lines ( J ). Legs brown ; femora with whitish bases, hmd tibiae with a large white ring at the tip ; first hmd tarsal joints whitish, with a small brown ring.
Habitat. — Mauritius.
69. CULEX BIPUNCTATUS, Eob. Desvoidy. (Mem. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris, t. iii (1827), Eob. Desvoidy; Suit, h Buff, i, 35, 11, Macquart.)
Thorax, with dorsum dark red and the pleurae lighter, with two silvery spots in front. Femora pale yellow ; knee yellowish, tarsi ringed brown and yellow. Dorsum of abdomen yellow, with a median blackish line. Length. — 4 fines.
Habitat. — France.
Note. — The type is not traceable, nor has the species been observed since it was described.
Group VII. — Culices with Unbanded Tarsi. This is a large group of nearly seventy species, which are extremely difficult to tabulate, on account of the close resemblance of many of the forms included. The most convenient basis of tabulation appears to be the ornamentation of the abdomen, and in viev7 of the large num-
428 GNATS OK MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII ber of species included, it will be more convenient to deal with each category separately. Of the eight types of abdominal marking, all are represented except the fifth, viz., that in which the abdominal segments have pale bands, both at base and apex. The group is accordingly subdivided as below : — i. Abdominal segments with pale basal bands and more or less distinct lateral spots.
ii. With basal pale bands and longitudinal stripes, median or lateral. Hi. With basal pale bands only.
iv. With apical pale bands.
vi. Unhanded, but with lateral spots.
vii. Unhanded, but with a pale median line.
via. Quite unadorned.
It must be understood that it is not necessarily implied that ALL the segments are thus marked, but that, in each case, a greater or less number of them conform to the description. Subdivision i. — Culices loith unhanded tarsi and the abdomen ornamented ioith pale basal bands together ivith lateral spots. Four species only conform to this description. 70. C. univitatus, Theob. The tibiae have broad white apical bands, especially well marked on the hind legs. Head brown, with one white patch.
71. C. quasiunivitatus, Theob. Closely resembles the above, but has two black patches on the head.
72. C. restuans, Walker. Tibiae without apical pale band. Two pale round spots on the mesonotum. Tarsal claws of $ , equal and simple.
73. C. australis, Erichson. Tibiae without apical band. Mesonotum clothed with golden scales, arranged more or less in lines. Tarsal claws of ? , equal, but with extra tooth. 70. CULEX UNIYITATUS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 29). Legs with the tarsi uniformly coloured, but with broad white apical bands on the tibiee, most marked on the hind legs. Thorax deep brown, with scattered golden curved scales ; scutellum with three patches of pale, sometimes silvery, scales. Abdomen brown to purplish-black, with more or less basal white banding, sometimes rather yellowish, and with triangular basal white lateral spots.
Head brown, with creamy linear curved, and dark erect forked scales ; the lateral flat scales creamy-white, with a bare line m the middle ;
FEET UNADORNED ; ABD. BASAL BANDS WITH SPOTS 4'29 proboscis brown, darker at the tip ; palpi of $ , black, with a few grey scales ; those of the <y , longer than the proboscis by all the last, and half of the next joint, brown, with a white band on the basal third. Legs yellowish on the femora, darker below, with clear yellow knee-spots. Pleurae brown, with whitish patches. Halteres with a dusky lateral line and darker knobs. Venter with broad white basal bands. Tarsal claws of 5 , equal and simple ; those of $ , unequal, with an extra tooth on the fore and mid legs : the hind equal and simple. Length. — About 5 mm. Habitat. — South Africa : Durban and Salisbury, Mashonaland. February to April, and also from Singapore, in July. 71. CULEX QUASIUNIYITATUS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 32). Closely resembles the above, but differs in having two black patches on the head ; by the tarsal claws of the fore and mid legs of the female having each an extra tooth ; and by there being a pair of indistinct median pale lines on the point of the mesonotum. Length. — 5 mm.
Habitat. — Salisbury, Mashonaland.
72. CULEX RESTUANS, Sp. n. (Walker, MS.).
(Monog. II, pp. 119 and 142).
Tarsi uniformly bronzy-black. Thorax bright chestnut-brown, with golden-brown curved scales ; two round pale spots on the mesonotum, a patch of pale scales just in front of the root of the wings, a ad paler scales around the bare space in front of the scutellum. Abdominal segments dusky brown, with basal bands of yellow, and pure white lateral spots. Ungues of the ? , equal and simple.
? . — Head black, with numerous pale creamy, curved, and black, upright forked scales, with flat white scales at the sides of the head ; palpi black, greyish at the tip ; antennae with the basal joint and base of the second, testaceous, remainder blackish-brown, with pale pubescence ; clypeus and proboscis brown. Scutellum pale with six bristles to the middle lobe. Pleurae pale brick-red, with four white patches. Legs bronzy-brown to black, except the cox«, the bases of, and ventral sides of femora, which are very pale, and also a yellow knee-spot. Halteres with pale yellow stem and dusky knob. Length. — 6 mm. Habitat. — Toronto and Ontario, Canada.
73. CULEX AUSTRALIS, Erichson (1842).
= Culex crucians, Walker (1856) (?).
[Archiv. fiir Naturg. viii, p. 470 (1842), Erichson ; Ins. Saundersiani, i, p. 432 (1856) ( = C. crucians), Walker (?)].
Tarsi, uniformly black. Thorax, deep rich chestnut-brown, with small golden curved scales, more or less arranged in lines.
430 GNATS OB MOSQUITOES— CHAPTER XIII xlbdomen black, with basal creamy-white bands and large lateral white spots. Tarsal claws of ? , large, equal, uniserrated. Head dark brown, with narrow, pale yellow eye-borders, and with golden curved scales on the nape and creamy flat-scaled lateral patches ; palpi of $ , large, reddish-brown, with a few grey scales : those of the 3 > rather shorter than the proboscis. Pleurae chestnut-brown, with small, flat, whitish scales. Legs black, unhanded, with a distinct yellowish knee-spot. Halteres with pale stems and fuscous knobs. Venter whitish. Length.— KhovA 6-8 mm.
Habitat. — Australia ; Tasmania.
Subdivision ii. — Culices tvith tmhancled tarsi, and the abdomen ornamented with longitudinal stripes in addition to handing. 74. C. albolineatus, sp. n. Abdominal segments with greenish-white basal bands and a distinct but not sharply -defined pale median stripe.
75. C. inediolineatibs, Theob. Abdominal segments with a broad yellow median line and lateral basal spots, with traces of pale apical banding.
76. C. Si^encerii, Theob. Abdominal segments creamy-white, with black lateral patches at the mid-length of the segment, leaving a white median line with basal and apical banduig. Thorax black, with golden scales and pale lines. 77. C. rusticiis, Rossi. All the abdominal segments brownish, with black lateral spots. Thorax greyish.
78. C. albifasciatiis, Macquart. Abdomen dusky, with yellowishwhite median line and incomplete apical bands. 74. CULEX ALBOLINEATUS, sp. n.
Plate xvii, fig. 10a, Venation of Wing of 5 .
Tarsi uniformly brown. Thorax black-grounded, clothed with bronzy scales, with two indistinct narrow median black lines. Abdomen black ; all the segments with greenish -white basal bands, and the darker portions pale brown in the middle shading into black at the sides so as to form a paler median line. Wings with the fork-cells very long, quite three times the length of the stem, in the anterior fork.
$ . — Head greenish-grey ; antennae black, with greyish verticils ; palpi deepest brown, minute. Wings with very long, hair-hke scales. Halteres pale throughout. Legs dark brown, with paler femora. Venter greenish-white throughout. Length. — About 5-5 mm