CULICES WITH BASALLY BANDED FEET 415 as well as ochreous hinder borders to the segments, and long white lateral spots. Wings with transverse veins placed far out, and fork cells unusually short, their veins with flaxen scales. $ . — Head of a warm dark brown ; proboscis rather pale brown, darker at the top ; palpi dark brown, with clear brown rings in the middle and at the tip ; nape densely covered with lighter yellow, curved scales. Pleuras brown, inarbled with white. Halteres pale brown. Legs deep brown, except on the femora, which are lighter, especially on their undersides. Ventral segments pallid, with narrow dark hinder borders. Length. — 5 mm.
Habitat. — China — Redescribed from a specunen sent me by Capt. Victor Lindesay, I. M.S., from Hong Kong.
43. COLEX CiECUS, Theobald (Monog. I, p. 413).
Tarsi nearly black, with all the hind, and the upper three joints of the fore and mid legs, narrowly basally white banded. Thorax dark brown, with bright tawny curved scales. Abdomen dark, with narrow basal whitish bands. Nape grey, with a black patch on either side. Prothoracic lobes very distinct. 2 . — Eyes with narrow whitish orbits ; cephalic appendages brown. Scutellum paler than the rest of the mesonotum, with broadish white scales on the lateral lobes and a few narrow ones at the base ; seven distinct brown hairs on the median lobe of the scutellum, and many others on the lateral lobes ; metanotum pale brown ; pleurse pale ochreous with three large patches of greyish- white scales. Legs yellowish-brown with paler knee-spots; tarsal claws of fore and mid pairs equal, each with a small basal extra tooth. Length. — 5 mm. Habitat. — Straits Settlements, in Mangrove swamps ; November. 44. CULEX PROCAX, Skuse (" S. A. C." p. 1742).
Wings unspotted ; tarsi with basal white bands on all but the end joints of fore and mid legs. Thorax red-brown with golden scales, unadorned. Abdomen black, the segments narrowly banded white in front and fringed yellow behind. Head with a clear white spot on either side. Tarsal claws -of 2 , equal and simple. Very diminutive.
2 . — Head, umber-brown to black ; palpi black-scaled with a few grey ones intermixed ; proboscis ferruginous, black at apex and base. Pleurae umber-bi'own, with scattered white scales. Undersides of femora pale ; legs elsewhere dark brown. Halteres yellow. Venter black, with a few white scales. LengtJi. — 3'8 mm.
Habitat — Queensland and N.S.W., Australia. Said by Skuse to fly by day.
416 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII 45. CULEX YEXANS, Meigen.
= C. articulatus, Rondani.
[Syst. Beschr. vi, 241, 16, Meigen; Dipt. Scand. ix, 3164, Zett. ; Isis (1831), 1203, 50, Ruthe ; Fn. Austr. ii, 627, Schiuer ; Dipt. Near. 325, V. d. Wulp ; Bull. Soc. Eut. Ital. 258 (1896), Ficalbi, aud Venti Specie Zan. Ital. p. 125 (1899), Ficalbi; Sp. Ital. d. Gen. Culex, Bull. Soc. Ent, Ital. (1872), Rondani {= articulahis).~\ Tarsal joints all more or less narrowly basally white banded except the last. Thorax unadorned, dark grounded, with golden scales. Abdomen brown, with basal white bands, narrowed in the middle. Tarsal claws all with an extra tooth in both sexes ; those of fore and mid legs of S , markedly unequal. Hook of claspers of ^ , bifid {vide Plate xvi, fig. 13). Head brown, with j^ellowish scales ; palpi of J , brownish- black, with a small fourth joint, with a few pale scales, those of <? , brownish-black, longer than the proboscis, and pale at the bases of the joints ; proboscis 3'ellowish -brown, darker at the base and tip ; antennae brown. Thorax unadorned, clothed with pale golden scales ; pleurae with patches of white scales. Abdomen brownish, with basal white bands, narrowed in the middle. Wings with yellowish-brown veins. Legs with the coxae brownish, with white scales ; femora brown, yellowish at the base and beneath ; tibiae slightly spinose, brown. Venter yellow with a dark median Ime. Length. — About 7 mm.
Habitat. — Has been recorded from most parts of Europe, but doubtfullyso from England.
46. CULEX CANTANS, Meigen.
= C. stiviulans. Walker ; = C. macidatus, Meig. ; = C. fmnipennis, Stephens. (Syst. Beschr. i, 6, 6, Meigen ; Dipt. N. d. Fr. 160, 2, Macq. ; Ins. Lapp. 806, 3, Zett. ; Dipt. Scand. ix. 3461, Zett. ; Fn. Austr, ii, 627, Schiaer ; Dipt. Neer. 326, Van der Wulp ; Ins. Brit. Dipt, iii, 246, Walker ; Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. p. 258 (1896), Ficalbi; Syst. Beschr. i, 6, 7 ( = Maculatus), Meigen.)
Tarsi black, with some white scales intermixed on the first joints ; the first three of the fore, upper four of the mid, and all the hind joints basally white banded, very broadly so on the last. Thorax unadorned, dark grounded, with golden-yellow and brown curved linear scales, rather paler in front of the scutellum. Abdominal segments nearly black, wuth pale yellow basal bands, broadening laterally so as to almost or quite meet in some specimens ; venter white. All of the S' tarsal claws with one extra tooth and also the fore claws of the ? . (Plate xvi, fig. 12).
CULICES WITH BASALLY BANDED FEET 417 Head dark grounded, with creamy curved linear, and yellow, and also black, erect forked scales ; palpi, ? , nearly black, with scattered white scales ; those of $ , longer than the proboscis, with yellowish brushes and rmgs on the middle joints. Pleurae brown, with creamy patches. Legs yellowish at the base, the femora dark tipped but with yellow knee-spots, and the tibiae clothed with irregularly mixed black and white scales. Halteres entirely pale yellow. Length. — About 6 nnn. Habitat. — Europe ; Northern America.
I have also received a specimen from Dr. Price, of Conoor, Nehilgerri Hills, Southern India (about 6,000 feet), who notes it as a sylvan species. 47. CULEX ANNULIPES, Meigen.
Syst. Beschr. vi, 2il, 15, Meigen ; Dipt. Scand. ix, 3462, 10, Zett. ; Pn. Austr. ii, 627, Schiner ; Dipt. Neer. viii, 346, Van der Wulp ; Ins. Brit. Dipt. iii, Walker.)
Tarsi light yellow, with white basal bands, but the last joint quite black. Thorax dark ferruginous, with two faint darker eonverging lines. Abdomen yellowish-grey with ill-marked bands, but uniformly light yellow according to Ficalbi. Wing veins with some white scales intermixed with the darker ones. Proboscis rather yellowish, darker at base and apex ; palpi of 3 > yellowish, with the apices of each jomt darker, with brown specks and tometitum ; in the J , very brown ; nape rather brownish, ferruginous ; pleurae speckled whitish. Wings with the veins ferruginous ; the fork cells, with their branches longer than their stems, that of the hinder the shorter. Legs generally yellowish, femora yellow, speckled black above ; tibiae light yellow. Length. — 10 to 12 mm.
Habitat. — Northern Europe, including England ; a sylvan species. 48. CULEX SYLYESTRIS, Theobald (Monog. I, p. 406). Tarsi black above and pale below, with narrow white basal bands to all the joints of the hind and on the upper three of the fore and mid legs. Thorax deep brown, with thin golden scales, pale in front of the scutellum. Abdomen, with dusky brown to black scales, with basal bands of pure white, bent in in the middle, last two segments with apical white bands as well. The lateral flat-scaled area of the head consists of an antero-internal black spot with a white patch behind and outside it. Vertex and nape, clothed with golden curved linear, and ochreous, and also black erect forked scales ; palpi of ? , black with white apex ; those of (? , with the third and foxirth joints dilated, with white basal bands, that on the latter very broad. Pleurae brown, with white patches. Legs 27
418 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII dark except at base, with small yellow knee-spots. Venter mostly white, with narrow lateral dark patches. Length. — 4'5 to 5 mm. Habitat. — Canada ; Manitoba. July and September; a sylvan species.
49. CULEX TESTACEUS, Van der Wulp [Tijdschr. voor Ent. p. 128 (1869)].
Tarsi dark- scaled witli a white band at the base of the tivo upper joints of the hind legs only. Thorax browu, with creamy curved scales, and golden hairs at the roots of the wings. Abdomen, covered with dusky black scales, with creamy ones at the bases, and a few at the apices and on the middle of the segments. Tarsal claws of ? , equal, all with an accessory tooth, $ . — Head dark brown, with pale curved scales in the middle, black upright ones behind, and flat creamy ones at the sides ; antennae testaceous, with narrow pale bands ; palpi testaceous, black scaled at the apices ; proboscis testaceous, with brown and creamy scales, black at the apex and dusky at the base ; clypeus chestnut-brown. Pleurae deep redbrown, with white scales. Legs and insect generally, including the veins of the wings, of a bright testaceous tint. Length. — 6 mm. Habitat. — North America ; Ontario.
50. CULEX TERRENS, Walker (Ins. Saund. p. 429).
Tarsi dark, with basal white bands on the upper joints of fore and mid legs, and the hind legs adorned in an exceptional manner ; the first joint being white both at base and apex with a broad black band in the middle, the next all white, and the third joint with a broad tasal white band, while the last two joints are unhanded. Thorax brown, with broad lateral patches and the middle line paler. Abdomen with metallic purple reflections and golden-orange scales scattered over it, with five pairs of distinct white lateral spots, and two, on the sides of the penultimate segment. Covered with dense golden-brown hairs.
Head brown ; eyes black, bordered with a line of white scales ; proboscis, palpi and antennae deep chestnut-brown. The plumes of the male antennae deep silky brown. No traces of banding on the palpi. Pleurae marbled cutaneous and white. Legs brown, paler at their bases, especially below. Length. — 6 mm.
Habitat. — South America.
Observations. — No one could recognise this species from Walker's description ; but the broad white band, involving three jomts of the hind tarsi, is absolutely distinctive. It appears to be rare, as no fresh specimens have reached the British Museum.
CUHCES WITH BASALLY BANDED FEET 419 51. COLEX TIBIALIS, Desvoidy (" Essai," p. 401). Tarsal joints with basal yellowish bands ; thorax fuscous with grey tomentum, unadorned ; abdomen uniform black ; tibise black, hirsute.
Black, with cinereo-fuscous tomentum ; antennae yellowish -brown ; femora pale yellow, with blaclc cilia at the apex ; tibiae black with strong hairs ; first joint of the tarsi with yellow ciliae. Length. — 4 to 6 lines. ^. — Antennae yellow-brown; palpi and proboscis fuscous; body black, with dusky grey tomentum. Femora of the colour of honey black and hirsute at the apex ; tibiae intense black, robustly ciliate ; joints of the tarsi honey-tmted, black at the apices. Wings rather dusky, the vems with brown scales.
Habitat. — Brazil.
Observations. — Mr. Theobald thinks this may be a synonym of C. cincjulatus, Fabr.
52. CULEX YITTIGER, Skuse (" S. A. C." p. 1728). Tarsi black, with basal white bands ; the first joints of the fore and mid legs being almost all white, but the remaining banding narrow except on the hind legs, on which it is fairly marked. Thorax conspicuously adorned with two pairs of broad yellowish-scaled stripes, alternating with equally wide black scaled lines. Abdomen mostly yellowish-grey, with some dark scales across the middle of the anterior segments ; producing an indistinct banding. Wings with fork of II a trifle inside that of IV ; and 3 but little inside 4. Palpi of $ , large for a Cidex, distinctly five jointed.
g- . — Head brown with narrow cm'ved, and erect, forked scales yeUow ; palpi with ochreous and brown scales. Pleurae densely covered with whitish scales. Legs brown, yellowish at the base. Halteres yellow with brown knobs. Length. — 6 mm.
Habitat. — Bush country along East Coast of Queensland ; and N.S.W., Australia.
53. CULEX FLAYESCENS, Theobald (Monog. I, p. 410). Tarsal joints with ochreous basal bands, so broad as to leave only narrow black tips. Thorax golden scaled. Abdomen entirely covered with ochreous scales.
$ . — Head densely covered with narrow golden-yellow curved, and upright brown, and black, forked scales ; antennae yellowish at the base brown apicaUy, basal jomt bright ochreous ; palpi ochreous with brown
420 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII scales ; proboscis ferruginous, darker at tip. Scutellum and pleurae yellowish. Wings with fork cells level, and 4 close up to 3. Legs ferruginous, darker on the tibiie ; the fore and mid tarsal claws symmetrical, each with an extra tooth. A very yellow species. Length. — 6 mm.
Habitat. — Described from four specimens in the Hope collection, the origin of which is vinknown.
Group IV. — Culices with Uniformly Coloured Wings and the Tarsal Joints Apically Pale Banded.
Only one species is recorded with the feet ornamented in this way, and no specimens answering to the description quoted below have come to hand. Possibly it really belongs to the next sroup, or it may be, as suggested by Skuse, synonymous with C. albo-annulatus, Macqt.
54, CULEX CAMPTORHYNCHUS, Thomson (Eugen. Eesa. Dii)t. p. 443).
Thorax fuscous brown ; pleurae lighter ; mesothorax marbled with short fulvous-golden scale-like hairs, and sparsely clothed with long erect fuscous hairs on the sides and near the wings. Abdomen fuscous, with the sides pale. Legs long, light coloured ; tarsi with the joints apically whitish, the first almost as long as the tibia. Length. — 4 mm. Habitat. — Sidney, Australia.
Group Y.— Culices with the Wings Unspotted, and the Proboscis Unbanded, but with the Tarsi Banded " on the Articulations " {i.e., two Joints Participating).
i. The abdominal segments ornamented with pale lateral spots, in addition to basal bands.
55. C. gelidus, Theob. Scales clothing the dusky ground of the thorax frosty on the anterior two-thirds, very dark behind. Proboscis with a broad black terminal band.
iii. The abdominal segments with pale basal bands. 56. C. vwrsitans, Theob. Thorax chestnut-brown, with five creamywhite lines, vi. The abdominal segments unbanded, but with pale lateral spots. 57. C. Canadensis, Theob. Last two tarsal joints dusky white. C. cingulatus, Fab. The ? of this species, which has the proboscis banded m the <? only, would be traced to this position.
CULICES WITH FEET BANDED ON THE A[lTICULATIONS 421 55. CULEX GELIDUS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 20).
Tarsi dark, with three pale bands on the fore, and four on the mid legs, the upper ones on the articulations, the lowest basal only ; hind legs banded in the same way as the middle pairs, but iudistinctly. Thorax dusky yellowish-brown to brown, with the front two-thirds covered with frosty-white, curved scales ; the hind portion with almost black scales and long dark bristles, Abdomen brown with basal creamy-white bands and pale lateral spots. Ungues of the ? equal and simple. The proboscis has a broad black band on the apex, so that there is a tendency to pale banding.
$ . — Head with frosty-white curved scales m front, and upright white ones at the back, sides clothed with ochreous scales, with apparently two yellow bristles at the edge projecting forwards from the middle; palpi with black scales, slightly ochreous towards the base on the inner side. Pleurte pale reddish, with a few black hairs. Legs ferruginous, with scattered dark scales. Venter yellowish. Halteres with white stem and black scaled knobs. Length — 4*5 mm.
Habitat. — Straits Settlements and Travancore. Mr. Theobald describes a variety of this species, C. gelidits, var. cuneatus, from the same localities, in which the pale abdominal bands show a median wedgeshaped extension.
56. CULEX MORSITANS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 8). Tarsi dark, with the pale bands on the tibio-tarsal and upper tarsal articulations : — in the ? , all the bind articulations are banded. Thorax chestnut-brown, ornamented with median and two lateral creamy lines on either side (differing somewhat in the two sexes). Abdomen fuscous, with yellowish basal bands. Tarsal claws of $ , equal and simple.
Head dark brown, with white orbits, and two pairs of paler patches on the nape, indistmct in the $ ; palpi of ? , dark, with a yellowish apex ; of the <? , longer than the proboscis by the last jomt, which has a white band at its base, and with two other bands on the next two articulations. Pleurse brown, with a few creamy scales. Legs dark brown, but pale at the base, and with yellow knee-spots. Venter yellow, with fuscous lateral patches on the middle of the segments. Halteres with pale stems and dark knobs. Length. — From 6 to 7 mm. Differs from C. vexans in the tarsal claws of the ? being simple, and not toothed.
Habitat. — England.
422 GNATS OE MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII 57. CULEX CANADENSIS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 3). Tarsi dark, except the dusky-white last joint of hind legs, which have also pale bands on the tibio-tarsal and next two articulations; while the mid legs have but two bands, and the fore pair are unhanded. Thorax deep chestnut-brown, with curved golden-brown scales, paler and broader ones at the sides. Abdomen dusky black, with basal white lateral patches, which show on the dorsum of the fourth to seventh segments. Head dark brown, covered with pale golden curved, and with a few black and ochreous upright forked scales and a border of pale scales round the eyes, black bristles projecting forwards, and a tuffc of pale golden scales between the eyes ; the lateral flat- scaled portions, pure white in the $ ; palpi nearly black, those of the $ with a white basal band on the fourth joint. Pleurae purplish-brown, with several patches of white scales. Legs yellowish-brown, darker on the upper parts of the tibiae. Halteres with white stems and black knobs. Venter uniformly ochreous. Length. — About 6 mm.
Habitat. — Lake Simcoe, Ontario ; June and July. Group VI. — Culices with the Wings and Proboscis Unornamented, AND WITH One or More of the Last Tarsal Joints all White on One or More Pairs of Legs.
a. With last two jomts of all the legs white. 58. C. longipaljns, Wulp. The pale banding of the remaining tarsal joints, and of the abdominal segments, is basal. b. With the last joints only of all the legs entirely white. 59. C. leucacanthus. Loew. The pale bandmg of the remaining tarsal articulations is "on the articulations," and that of the abdomuial segments, basal.
f. With the last two tarsal joints of the hind legs only all white. 60. C. albitarsia, Theob. Eemaining pale bands on the hind legs I)laced on the articulations. Fore and mid legs with a smgle pale band on the tibio-tarsal articulation.
' 56. C. Canadensis, Theob. Might very possibly be traced to this position,videante;No.56.
d. With the last joints only of the hind legs, all white. 61. C. dorsalis, Meig. The remaming tarsal bandmg is on the articulations. Thorax reddish, with indistinct creamy lines. Abdomen with pale basal bands and lateral spots. Tarsal claws of 5 , equal and simple.
62. C. xjenicillaris, Rondani. Closely resembles the above, but the tarsal pale bands are less marked, and the tarsal claws of ? , equal and toothed. The palpi of the ^ , not banded.