GENUS ANOPHELES 827 are clubbed, have a number of short golden hairs internally and are yellow in colour, clothed with thick black scales, through which the yellow underground shows ; the last joint is truncated." Length, — 4 to 7*5 mm, (^ , to 8 or 10 mm. ? . This species varies greatly in size, the wings shown me in Italy by Professor Grassi being quite small, while some Canadian specimens, in the British Museum, are huge gnats, and to illustrate this, I have superposed on the plate the drawing of one of Grassi's specimens on the outline of a Canadian specimen. 43. ANOPHELES ANNULIPALPIS, Arribalzaga ("L. A." p. 36). Wings unspotted, the costal vein and cell densely blackscaled, the remaining veins brindled black and gold, so that the wing looks confusedly banded ; tarsal joints white ringed, the last joints wholly white ; abdomen dusky, with yellowish hairs ; thorax with fawn-coloured scales, and three fuscous linear markings.
From original description : — " Palpi dusky, densely plumed in the <? , or black with silvery rings in the ? ; the legs and tarsi dusky black with white rings ; the tibiae with silvery spots {$), or the legs black with silvery rings (?) ; head cinereous, with white hairs towards the frons. Antennae black with dusky hairs ( ? ) ; or fuscous with dense verticils {$); palpi black, straight, with silvery rings ( ? ), or dusky and densely villous, dilated and divergent at the end ( <? ) ; proboscis dusky black, with the apex white ; eyes with white margins. Scutellum dusky ; metanotum dark red ; pleurae dull testaceous ; coxae yellow ; femora black, pale yellow internally and silver banded externally ; tibiae black with white bands ( ? ), or dusky with numerous silvery dots ( <? ) ; tarsi nearly black, with silvery rings and the last joint wholly white." Length. — 7 mm.
Habitat. — The banks of the Parana in Argentina. A rare species. 44. ANOPHELES STIGMATICUS, Skuse (" S. A. C* p, 1759;. Wings with light brown scales, unspotted, though they are a little darker in the stigmatic region ; tarsi violet-brown, unhanded. Thorax red-brown, darker in the ? , with three double streaks, and dense lateral fringes of golden hairs. Abdomen dark brown, nude ? with golden hairs.
Extract from original description : — " Antennae in the <? about five-sixths the length of the palpi, ochrebrown ; first joint nearly black ; in the ? about four-fifths the length of the palpi, dark brown with whitish pubescence and verticils brown ; scapus, except distal half of second joint, red-brown ; head ochre-brown, with golden hairs ; proboscis scarcely longer than the palpi, brown.
328 GNATS OK MOSQUITOES CHAPTER XII almost black in the $ , as also are the palpi. Thorax darker in the 2 ', pleuras, ^ , red brown, J , fuscous ; scutelluni, <? , ochreous, J , testaceous fringed with long golden hairs ; metanotum, <? , testaceous, $ , very deep fuscous. Halteres with the club brown and stem yellow ; ^ , forceps testaceous, densely haired. Legs violet-brown scaled, the femora pale yellow for four-fifths of their length in the hind legs, but beneath only, in the other legs ; coxae warm brown ; in the hind legs the first tarsal joint is one-seventh longer than the tibia." Wings much longer than the abdomen in the J , shorter in the ^ . Length of antennae <? 2-02 mm.; $ 1-77 mm. ; expanse of wings <? 4-06 x 088 mm.; J 4"06 x 0-88 mm. ; size of body, <^ 4-56 x 0-76 mm. ; ? 4-06 x 0-76 mm. Habitat.— Blue Mountains, N.S.W.
45. ANOPHELES BIFURCATUS (L.).
Plate xi, fig. la, Wing of J from specimen (drawn in Prof. Grassi's laboratory) ; lb, Wing of another $ from Ontario, to show range of variation of size ; Ic, Fork scale from head, to show difference from those of A71,. Walkeri, Theobald.
(Fn. Suec. 1791, Linn. ; Ins. Austr. 482, 982, Schrank ; Spec. Ins. ii, 469, 2, Fabr. ; Syst. Beschr. i, 11, 1, et vi, 242, Meigen ; Dipt. N. Fr. 163, 1, Macq. ; Ins. Lapp. 807, 1, Zett. ; Dipt. Scand. ix, 3467, I, Zett. ; Ent. Mag. i, 151, Hal. ; Dipt. Beitr. i, 3, 1, Low ; Fn. Austr. ii, 625, Schiner ; Ent. Syst. iv, 401, 3 (C. trifurcatus), Fabr.; Klass. i, 5, 8, Meigen ( — C. claviger) ; Syst. Antl. 35, 6, Fabr. ; Dipt. Neer. 330, Van der Wulp; Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. iii, 294, 1 (1845), Gim. ; Syst. Nat. V, 2887, 3, Gmel. ; Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. iv, 129, Fischer ; Bull. Ent. Soc. Ital. p. 225 (1896), Ficalbi ; Reale Accad. d. Lincei, S. d. u. Zool. sulla Malaria, p. 81 (1900), Grassi.)
Wings unspotted, dark-scaled throughout, except on the middle of the costa and auxiliary vein, where there are numerous yellow scales intermixed with the black. Tarsi nearly black throughout, with the exception of a faint ring ou the base of the first joint. Thorax dark grey, with indistinct median and lateral lines ; dark chestnut at the sides. Abdomen brown, some of the segments darker behind. Fork-scales of nape, fimbriate at their free extremities.
" 5 . — Head brown, with greyish tomentum, and small pale, creamy, curved scales in front, with a tuft of yellow bristles projecting forwards and pale yellow, upright, forked scales passing backwards as a broad band on each side of the central bare line, the forked scales at the sides black with dusky grey tips ; a pale border partially surrounding the eyes ; antennae dark brown, basal joint bright ochreous-brown on one side, dark brown on the other ; proboscis nearly black ; palpi ochreous. covered with blackish scales, which are densest at the base, a little longer than the proboscis ; clypeus brown.
GENUS ANOPHELES 329 " Legs ochraceous covered with dark scales, coxae testaceous, also base of femora ; knee-spot and base of first tarsal joint pale. " (?. — Head brown, with upright creamy scales in the middle and upright black scales at the sides, a dense creamy tuft of hairs projecting forwards ; antennae brown with flaxen plumes, basal joint very dark brown ; palpi brown, last two joints spatulate, hair-tufts golden-brown ; proboscis brown." Length. — 5 to 5| mm. ; with proboscis 8 to 8|- ? , 6 mm. ^.
Habitat. — Europe, from Lapland to Italy and islands in the Mediterranean. This species is said to be mainly sylvan in habits and has been proved to be a vehicle of human malaria by Prof. Grassi. 46. ANOPHELES FERRUGINOSUS, Wied. ("A. Z. I." p. 12). An. Walkeri, Theobald (?.)
Wings unspotted ; tarsi unhanded, nearly black ; abdonaen unbanded, dusky brown with yellow hairs ; thorax deep redbrown with linear markings. Stems of halteres white, with brown knobs.
Original description : — Antenna and palpi brown, the latter more dusky with a little white at the joints; thorax intense red-brown, but only in certain lights, if seen from behind whitish, and it then exhibits linear stripes, but looking backwards without stripes ; abdomen dusky brown with yellowish hairs ; veins of the wings with brown scales ; halteres intense white with brown knobs ; legs shorter than in An. crucians, brownish-black with yellowish femora.
No material exactly answering to this description has been received in the British Museum, but Mr. Theobald suspects it may be the same as his An. Wallieri, though he considers it can be neither C. qidnquefasciatus, Say, or An. crucians, Walker.
47. ANOPHELES WALKERI, Theobald (Monog. I, p. 199). An. ferruginosus, Wied. (?).
Plate xi, fig. 2a, Wing of ? ; 2b, Fork scale from nape. Closely resembles An. bifurcatus, L., differing only in the form of the fork- scales of the nape, which are forked in the present species and fimbriate in bificrcatus. The base of the hinder fork-cell is also said to be placed much farther outside that of the anterior than in that species, but the relative position is not very constant in either. Mr. Theobald makes the following observations as to his new species : — " This species closely resembles the European A. bifurcatus, but differs from it in regard to the head ornamentation, the browner appear-
330 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER A'll iince of the thorax and the relative positions of the cross-veins, as shown in figure. When viewed under the microscoioe in some lights there will be 'seen four grey thoracic stripes which are also characteristic, especially when the thorax is rubbed. No males were unfortunately sent. All the specimens were taken from beds of reeds close to the low marshy shore of Lake Simcoe. I should not be surprised if this proved to be Wiedemann's An. ferruginosus from New Orleans." Length of body, 5"5 to 6 mm., with proboscis, 10 mm. ; of wings, 5'5 ; of hind legs, 12 mm.
Habitat. — Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada (E. M. Walker). Time of capture. — September.
48. ANOPHELES NIGRIPES, Stagger (1839).
An. jplumheusy Haliday ?
(Syst. For. o. d. i. Denmark Nid til fundne Dipt. (1839) ; Dipt. Near, ii, 3, p. 331 (1877), V. d. Wulp; Dipt. Beitr. i, 4, 2, Low; Dipt. Scand. ix, 34G7, Zett. ; Krcij. Tidskr. ii, 552, Staeg.; Fn. Austr. ii, 625. Schiner ; Bull. See. Ent. Ital. (1896), p. 227, Ficalbi ; Gnats, p. 175, Giles; Zool. Journ. xii. (1828), Haliday (r= plumbeus).
Plate xi, fig. 3, Wing of $ .
Wing unspotted, uniformly sooty-scaled. Legs and tarsi uniformly black except the cases of the tibiae, which are dull yellowish-brown. Thorax with a tun-shaped patch of greyishbrown with two bare sub-median lines. Abdomen sooty, nude, but for some brownish hairs.
Head black, with densely packed yellowish forked scales, and a fairly full frontal tuft. Papi and proboscis xmiformly sooty, otherwise is almost indistinguishable from A71. bifurcatiis, but this is a distinctly darker species, with the middle of the mesonotum more fro sty -cinereous than it, and the wings are more densely scaled. Length.— 4: to 5 mm. Habitat. — Northern Europe and North America. In England it has been taken at Penzance ; it also occurs in Scotland, and a few were taken by Mr. Theobald in North Wales.
Note.— Since going to press, descriptions of the following two additional species have been received from Lieut. Glen Listen, I.M.S. : — 22a. An. Tuekhudi, Glen Listou. lud. jMed. Gaz., November, 1901. Wings, with three small interruptions on the black costa, in addition to a large apical spot, and two basal dots ; bases of the fork-cells, and a spot on III, between them, white, and there is also a large triangular spot on II, III, IV, and V, opposite the cross veins ; VI, with one long white interruption ; internal fringe dark, with broad white intervals at all but the sixth longitudinal junction. Legs dark brown, with yellowish apical spots on the tibise and femora, and on all but the last tarsal joints. Thorax darkgrounded, clothed with white scales, so arranged as to show median, and
GENUS CYCLOLEPPTERON 331 Genus IV. CYCLOLEPPTERON, Theobald.
This genus has been separated from Anopheles for the reception of a single species, at first sent by Dr. Grabham, Jamaica, the characters of which are such as to easily separate it from the rest of the sub-family, the scales of the wings being altogether exceptional and quite different in outline from those of any other Mosquitoes, except those which give the base of the wing of Uranoloenia its gorgeous metallic sheen ; and though somewhat similar in form, they are in reality quite different from these, as they are quite without lustre, and owe their deep coloration to a deposit of an actual pigment, the presence of which has been demonstrated by chemical methods. These scales are exceptionally thick, and are shaped exactly like a child's battledore with the handle cut short off, and are so much larger than those found in any member of the sub-family that they can easily be separately distinguished with an ordinary hand-lens, so that the genus can be perfectly easily recognised without the aid of any more powerful instrument.
The larvae are said to be much like those of other Anophelina, and to assume the same position in the water.
The following may serve as a sufficient definition of the genus.
Cyclolepptebon. — CulicidiB with the palpi of about the same rather less distinct, lateral bare dark lines. Abdomen olive-green, with yellow hairs.
$.— Head with vertex and scanty frontal tufts white, but dark on the occiput ; palpi black, with three rather broad, white, articular bands ; proboscis black, yellowish at the tip. Halteres with pale stems and darker Habitat. — Ellichpur, Berars, India.
25a. — An. Stephens:, Glen Listen. Ind. Med. Gaz., November, 1901. Wing with the costa black, interrupted by three smaller white spots, involving aux. and II, and showing, in addition, a large pale apical spot, involving both branches of II, and two big basal dots ; the base of I, and the other long veins, mainly, are white, YI, showing only two black dots ; and the interior fringe has pale interruptions at each long junction. The three upper joints of the fore, and all but the last of the mid and hind tarsi, with narrow pale apical bands, and there are two additional bands on the first fore tarsals. Thorax black, densely clothed with white scales, so arranged as to leave indistinct median and lateral nude bare lines. Abdomen black, unhanded, thickly covered with yellowish hairs and scales. 5>. — Head with vertex and frontal tufts white, but dark on the occiput ; palpi dark, with long white tips and four pale bauds, the outermost of which is of considerable width. Halteres with pale stem and dark knob. Legs with white knee-spots, and the femora and tibiae elaborately speckled silvery. Habitat. —Ellichpur, Berars, India.
332 GiSIATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XII length as the proboscis in both sexes, those of the ? subulate, while in the <? they are broadly spatulate. Wings with the veins carrying, in addition to scantily arranged lanceolate scales, patches of large thick scales, densely pigmented, and with their free portion of an almost circular outline.
1. CYCLOLEPPTERON GRABHAMII, Theobald (Monog. p. 205).
Plate xi, fig. 6a, Wing of g ; 6b, Bifurcation of II, to show arrangement of the two sorts of scales ; 6c, Generically pecuhar scales, more highly magnified ; 6d, Probes, and palp of ^ ; 6e, Ant. tarsal claw of 3.
"Wings with the costa black, except at the apex, and at a single interruption, opposite the middle of the ant. fork-stem ; the entire tip of the wing is pale-scaled, much as in An. Lindosayii, viihi, and some of the long veins have other pale portions, but is otherwise generally dark, the dark fringe has ferruginous interruptions at each longitudinal juncture, except at the apex, where the light portions preponderate, so that the cells are here marked by only minute black streaks. Tarsi and legs dusky throughout. Thorax and abdomen sooty, nude, but for pale yellow hairs which are so numerous on the middle of the mesothorax as to form an indistinct spot.
Head and appendages sooty, but for a scanty, whitish frontal tuft which in the J is continued back as a narrower stripe over the nape. Palpi of the $ exceptionally hu-sute almost to the tips, especially along the borders, so as to almost recall the leg paddles of Sabeihcs. In the 3' there is a narrow nude yellow band on the second articulation, and the greater part of the last joints are covered with ferruginous scales. In him, too, the frontal tuft and vertex are alone white, the nape being entirely black, and his thorax differs from that of the 2 in having its anterior border ornamented with a bifid median tuft of long white scales. He has also large lateral patches of yellowisli-brown scales at the bases of the abdominal segments. In both sexes, the legs are brindled with alternating patches of ferruginous and dark brown scales, the lighter tint predominating on the femora, and their very apices are light coloured, so that there are some indications of knee spots. The male genitalia are clothed with yellow scales. Length. — About 4 mm.
Habitat. — Jamaica (Dr. Grabliam, November 24, 1899).
PLATE VIII.
1, An. argyrotarsis, Desv. ; 2, An. albipes, Theob. • 3 An valudis Theob. ; 4, ^,.«-. Theob. ; 5, An. B^oiii, Theob. (diagrLmt fc ^ Theob' -tT'^'Q^^'^^-'n.^^ ff- ^'%"^°^«^'. Giles: 8, An. palUdn, l^eudo]nctus, Grassi ; 12, .4„. n.^rnm.^.s, Giles; ^^An.barhM-ls, Fore p.
1, An. Pharoensis, Theob. ; 2, An. maculatiis, Theob. ; 3, An. annuUpes, Walker; 4, An. Mastcrsi, Skuse ; 5, An. ocellatiis, Theob.; 6, An. squamosus Theob. ; 7, An. tesselatus, Theob. ; 8, An. Lutzii ; 9, An. costalis, Loew. ; 10 An superpictus, Grass! ; 11, An. Rossii, Giles ; 12, An. cuUcifacies, Giles. FollnwriatrVIII.