GENUS CULEX 399 tainly a very well-defined species. The markings of the abdomen, the mottled scales on the wings (seen only in certain lights), and the diflference in the scales of the head will at once separate it from any other. Length. — 6 mm.
Habitat. — U.S. of America, especially the Atlantic Seaboard ; Galapagos Islands ; Jamaica ; Formosa (?) Will breed in brackish water.
14. CULEX YISHNUII, Theobald (Monog. I, p. 355). Plate xvi, fig. 5a, Variations of abdominal adornment ; 56, Fore tarsal claws of c? • Tarsi with whitish basal bands on all bub the end joints and first of foreleg. Thorax clothed with yellowish scales, indistinctly adorned with two bare dark submedian lines and by three rows of black bristles. Abdomen black, with broad yellowish basal bands and with also a creamy fringing on some of the hinder segments, the last all yellowish. Proboscis dark with a narrow ferruginous band just outside its mid length. Wing with fork of II just outside that of IV, and 4 far internal to 3. Both claws of fore tarsi of male toothed.
Head dark brown, with pale scales. Palpi of ^ banded yellow and black ; second joint at apex, third in the middle, fourth and fifth narrowly at base. Legs dark brown except the greyish under sides of the femora and dull white knee-spots. Halteres pale ochreous. Length. — About 4*5 mm.
Habitat. — Southern India and Ceylon.
15. CULEX ANNULIROSTRIS, Skuse (" S. A. C." p. I, 737). Wings unspotted. Upper three tarsal joints basally whiteringed. Thorax dorsally deep brown with golden scales and hairs, but with some white marks on the pleurae. Abdominal segments deep brown, with narrow white basal bands. Proboscis with a broad white band in the middle third of its length. Wing with fork of II much internal to that of IV, and with 4 far inside 3.
Head dark brown, clothed with pale curved scales, white at the sides, and formmg a narrow border round the eyes, and with scattered black upright forked on each side and pale upright forked scales in the middle in front ; eyes deep purple, almost black ; clypeus dark brown ; palpi deep brown, with the apex pale in the ? ; those of ^ dark brown with two broad and two narrow basal yellow bands, one of the former exactly || that on proboscis. Legs dark except under sides of femora, and minute white knee-spots. Halteres yellow with darker
400 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII knobs. Fore and mid tarsal claws of male unequal, with extra teeth on both claws, but those of the smaller ones are very minute. Ventral segments with broad pale basal bands. Length. — Over 4 mm. Habitat. — Appears to occur all over Eastern Australia. 16. CULEX BANCROFTII, Skuse (" S. A. C." p. 1, 740). I Tarsi with snow-white basal bands. Thorax dark brown with tvvo submedian longitudinal lines ending in a spade-shaped expansion, and two lateral curved lines of snow-white ; abdomen violet black, with white basal bands to the segments ; a small silvery patch on each side of the head.
Mr. Theobald, in the monograph, treats this as a variety of the above, but the figure he gives of the thoracic ornament diiifers entirely from Skuse's diagram, and Skuse makes no mention of a band on the probosci?,. Referring to some specimens sent from Queensland by Dr. Bancroft, he says: "1 can detect no structural difference in this specimen from G. annidirostris, in spite of its peculiar ornamentation on the thorax, except a slight variation in the position of the posterior cross-vein." But it is very unlikely that Skuse would overlook the band on the proboscis, and I suspect that they are not dealing with the same species.
17. CULEX SITIENS, Wied. (" A. Z. I." p. 544). Tarsi dark brown, with narrow basal bands on the three or four upper joints of the fore and mid legs, hut with the hind tarsi unhanded. Thorax dark brown, with scattered golden scales, paler in the middle, but not noticeably marked. Abdominal segments deep brown, with narrow ochreous basal bands, except the first, which has a dark brown patch in the centre. Wings with fork of II, just internal to that of IV, and 4 twice its length inside 3. Proboscis deep brown, with a narrow yellow band well outside the middle.
5 Head brown, with creamy curved, and numerous black forked scales ; palpi short, thick, dark brown, greyish at top. Pleurae dark brown, with a white patch under the wings and another over the middle legs. Legs dark brown, except the greyish -yellow undersides of the femora, which are armed with a distinct row of strong bristles. Halteres with pale stems and fuscous knobs. Length. — 3 mm. Habitat. — Straits Settlements (Taipang).
Observations. — The identification of this form with Wiedemann's
PLAIN WINGED CULICES WITH BANDED PROBOSCIS 401 species from Sumatra, and in similar instances of other species where the "type" is missing and tlie original description inadequate, is of course more or less problematical ; and the form here described would answer as well in fact to Wallier's description of C. %mpellens, but it is certainly better to follow this course than to make a new species, and so leave the older names with a probably merely nominal status. 18. CULEX TRITiENIORHYNCHUS, Giles.
(Journal Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xiii, p. 607. ) Tarsi minutely basally banded pale ochreous. Thorax unadorned, fuscous. Abdominal segments fuscous, with rather narrow yellowish-white basal bands. Proboscis fuscous, with three separate ochreous bands, one forming the tip ; the second, sharply defined and much broader, beyond the middle ; the third less sharply defined, especially in the ? , and placed midway between the large broad band and the base. Wing with the fork of IV just inside that of II, and 4, but its own length internal to 3 ; less than this in the 3- .
A minute species, of generally dusky tinting, and with proportionately long legs. Head fuscous ; eyes with a barely perceptible whitish margin ; nape fuscous, with a few whitish hairs ; antennae fuscous, minutely banded white in the S' \ palpi of 3' » considerably longer than the proboscis, exceeding it by more than the length of the markedly subulate terminal joint, fuscous, with minute white basal bands to the last three joints, ? , exceptionally minute, nearly black, with an indistinct gre3dsh tip. Halteres pale yellow. Legs fuscous, the tarsi with minute ochreous basal bands to all the joints ; first hind tarsal longer than the corresponding tibia in both sexes. Length. — Under 3 mm.
Habitat. — Travancore, Southern India.
19. CULEX CONFINIS (Arribal.) (" L. A." p. 49).
Very like T ceniorliynchus tceniorliynclms, Arribalzaga, but of smaller size and darker colour, while the band on the proboscis is broader ; but it differs generically in the form of the wing scales. The broad white proboscis band extends from near the base to the middle. Legs fuscous, fore femora sparsely decorated with scattered white scales, with a narrow white band a little before the apex ; tibiae speckled white externally, uniformly coloured inside ; knees white ; fore and mid tarsi with the first three, and the hinder with four, or aU the joints, with basal white bands ; first hind tarsals distmctly shorter than tibiae. Abdomen dark fuscous, with coffee-coloured scales above and narrow whitish apical bands ; greyish below. Length. — 4*5 to 5 mm. Habitat. — Chaco in Formosa, Argentina.
26
402 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII Note. — Mr. Theobald remarks : " In some respects this might be the C. tcsniorhynchus, Wiedemami, but as I have seen no banded-proboscis forms of Culex from lower south than New British Guiana, except Panoplites titillans and TcBniorhynchus fasciolatus, I cannot possibly say. I believe, however, that tceniorhynchus, which is so common at New Amsterdam, will be found to extend farther into South America, and that this species of Arribalzaga's will prove to be Culex tceniorhynchus, Wiedemann'' (Monog.
p.
384).
20. CULEX ALBIROSTRIS, Macquarfc ("D. E." Sup. iv, p. 10). Proboscis white, except at the base and tip, where it is black. Abdomen with the hinder borders of the segments white ; tarsi blackish, with a white ring at the base of each joint. Length. — Two lines ^ . Habitat. — New Zealand.
Note. — No banded-proboscis forms have been sent from New Zealand, but from the description of this species, the abdomen is pretty clearly apically banded.
21. CULEX ANNULIORIS, Theobald (Monog. I, p. 371). Plate xvi, fig. 6, Abdominal adornment.
Tarsi dark with yellowish-white bands on the articulations, rather indistinct on the last two joints. Thorax deep amberbrown, with bronzy scales and a few creamy ones in front. Abdomen, steely black, with triangular median basal, and lateral apical spots. Proboscis black with a well-defined yellow ban occupying all its middle third. Bases of fork cells nearly level, and 4 more than twice its length inside 3. 5 . — Head brown, with creamy curved, and bright brown forked scales ; palpi dark with a few white hairs at the tip, rather large and much clubbed. Scutellum dark with a few pale scales intermixed. Legs redbrown, the femora mottled with grey scales, with yellowish knee-sjpots. Fore tarsal claws equal, uniserrated. Halteres with pale stem and fuscous knobs. — Length 6 mm.
Habitat. — Described from a single specimen from Salisbury, Mashonaland.
22. CULEX PLUMOSUS, Theobald (Monog. I, p. 373). Plate xvi, fig. 7a, Abdominal markings ; 7b, Bristles of fore border of mesonotum ; 7c, Tarsal claws of ^ .
Tarsi dark brown, with pale bands on the articulations. Thorax unadorned, dark brown, with bronzy curved scales, and pair of submedian tufts of bristles on the fore border of mesonotum.
PLAIN WINGED CULICES WITH BANDED PROBOSCIS 403 Abdomen yellowish-brown, with lunate yellow baral median patches, the hinder margins of which are recurved in the second to fourth segments, in addition to which there are round spots on the middle of the sides of the segments. Proboscis brown, with a narrow ferruginous band in the middle. Wings with 4 just inside 3. Tarsal claws of ? , serrated ; the large fore-claw of ^ , with two accessory teeth.
^. — Head nearly black-grounded, with creamy curved and black forked scales on the nape, and dull yellow lateral patches ; there is a scanty frontal tuft of yellow hairs ; palpi black, with two yellow bands, the fourth joints rather dilated, all black (the last missing). Pleurae dark brown, with some yellow scales and dark bristles. Legs dark brown, yellowish on the bases and undersides of the femora, and on the apices of the joints. Halteres with pale stem and fuscous knobs. Length. — 6"5mm.
Described from a single ^. Mr. Theobald's surmise that this is the ^ of his C. Annulioris is very probably correct, as there is often a good deal of sexual differentiation in the abdominal marking of gnats. Habitat. — Salisbury, Mashonaland ; March.
23. CULEX HIRSUTIPALPIS, Theobald (Monog. I, p. 378). Plate xvi, fig. 9, fore -tarsal claws of ^ .
Tarsi nearly black ; all the first joints with pale basal bands, their apices participating in the band on the first tarsal articulation ; the fore and mid legs having the two first and the hind all its articulations pale banded. Thorax dark brown, with hair-like golden scales, unadorned. Abdomen deep brown, the first segments all white, except a pair of dark spots in the middle, the others with narrow, semi-lunar, basal pale spots, which spread out to form narrow bands, and also lateral pale basal spots. Proboscis deep brown, with a broad yellow band in the middle. Wings with fork of IV, distinctly outside that of II, and 4 rather near 3. Tarsal claws of $ , simple ; large fore -claw of S , with a single accessory tooth.
Head brown, with creamy scales on the nape and flat white ones laterally, with numerous black forked scales behind ; palpi of ? . black with a few grey scales near the tip ; those of ^ , longer than the proboscis by the last two joints, pointed at the apex, but rather dilated near it, and with this part densely armed with long black hairs, with the apex and three bands of yellowish -brown. ScuteUum with pale scales ; pleurae dull brown with greyish reflections. Legs brown, with the femora yellowish
404 GNATS OK MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII below, and white at the apex. Halteres pale ochreous. Length. — About 5 mm.
Habitat. — Salisbury, Mashonaland ; Februaiy.
24. CULEX DISSIMILIS, Theobald (Monog. I, p. 376). Plate xvi, fig. 8, Tarsal claws of J .
Tarsi yellowish-brown, with paler bands on the articulations (sometimes indistinct on the hind legs). Thorax dark brown grounded, with scattered golden scales. Abdomen dark brown, with semi-lunar basal ochreous patches, not forming complete bands, except on some of the hinder segments ; the first almost white, with two dark patches in the middle, and there are traces of lateral spots on the hinder segments. Proboscis dark brown, with a narrow pale band well beyond the middle, rather indistinct in the ? . "Wings with fork of IV distinctly internal to that of II, and 4 but little inside 3.
Head brown, with creamy curved, and brown forked scales ; palpi of 2 , nearly black ; those of (? , nearlj^ half as long again as the proboscis, with the apex yellowish and four bands of the same tint, the second of which corresponds with that on the proboscis. Scutellum light brown ; pleurae brown, with two white patches. Legs pale yellow, with scattered brown scales. Halteres pale yellow. Lengtli. — 4 unn. Habitat. — Freetown, Sierra Leone.
25. CULEX DUTTONI, Theob. (Monog. II, p. 318).
Tarsi pale, banded on all but the last articulations (in the 3 , the last two bands are indistinct), but not on the tibio-tarsal. Thorax black grounded, clothed with narrow golden-brown, and broader creamy scales arranged so as to form an indistinct adornment, the- pale ones forming an anterior border to the mesonotum, and patches about its middle, and over the roots of the wings. Abdomen deep brown, with whitish basal bands and small lateral snowy spots. Proboscis nearly black, with a dull reddish band on the apical half. Large fore-claw of male, with one extra toath. Wings with 4 tvvice its length inside 3. Head dark brown, with whitish orbits and \ev\ numerous bright brown forked scales ; palpi of $ , black, with a few white scales intermixed ; those of (J , subulate, moderately tufted, with five broken white bands (two or three on the third joint). Pleurae dark, with a few white patches. Legs dark brown, pale on coxse and bases of femora, and with white apices to all the greater joints. Halteres yellowish. Length.— 5 mm. Habitat. — Duketown, West Coast of Africa.
PLAIN WINGED CULICES WITH BANDED PROBOSCIS 405 26. CULEX IMPELLENS, Walker (Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. iv, 91).
Plate xvi, fig. 3a, Head and appendages ; 3b, Venation of S" wing. Tarsi dark brown, with narrow pale bands on the tibio-tarsal articulations, and three other narrow but distinct basal bands on the fore legs, but only one or two on the mid and hind, and those by no means distinct, especially on the latter. Thorax with a rather pale ground with dark spots on dorsum and pleurae, clothed with golden tomentum. Abdomen brown, with distinct yellow basal bands. Proboscis brown, with a broad yellow band beyond the middle. Wings with the fork cells very long and their bases nearly even ; 4 but little inside 3, especially in $■ . Head brown, with creamy forked scales in front and two groups of dark ones behind ; palpi nearly black, those of ? , very minute, with a yellowish tip ; of the <? , somewhat longer than the proboscis, with four yellow bands, of which the two proximal are broad, and the two distal very narrow. Halteres pale yellow. Legs brown, rather short ; the femora paler, with pale knee-spots. Venter banded m the same way as the dorsum of the abdomen, but with the dark parts less distinct. The (J ungues of the fore and mid legs are misymmetrical, with an accessory tooth to each claw ; those of the hind legs and of the 2 , equal and simple. Length. — About 4 mm.
Habitat. — Described originally by Walker, from Makessar, in the Celebes. Appears to be common through the N.W.P., and Punjab, in India, in the autumn, and, together with C. fatigans, is essentially the cold weather gnat of that part of India. Although not so vicious as m the warmer season, it bites, and also breeds to a moderate extent, for the whole of the cold weather.
27. CULEX ANNULUS, Theobald (Monog. I, p. 358).
Tarsi dark brown, with yellow bands on the articulations, but mainly basal, on all but the last joints of the fore and mid legs, but very ill marked on the hind legs. Thorax (denuded) dark brown with pale gold scales, but no sign of adornment. Abdomen deep brown, with broad creamy basal bands widest in the middle, especially in front, so that on the first segment the brown is reduced to a pair of lateral spots. Wing with fork of II || to that of IV, and 4 far internal to 3. Proboscis deep brown, with a broad yellow band rather towards the apical half, 2 . — Head dark brown, with creamy curved, and dark forked scales ; palpi dark, a little greyish at apex. Scutellum pale brown, with eight border bristles on the middle lobe ; pleurae pallid, with a black spot in
406 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII the middle. Legs dark brown. Ventral segments impure white, with apical lateral dark spots. Halteres with grey stem and dark knob. Length. — About 3'6 mm.
Habitat. — Southern Chma.
28 CULEX CINGULATUS, Fabr. (" S. A." 36, 11).
Tarsi brown, with the last joints nearly white ; pale-banded, on the hind legs only, at the tibio-tarsal, and on all the tarsal articulations. Thorax brown, covered with pale golden-brown scales, with traces of three bare longitudinal hnes on the mesonotum. Abdomen brownish-black, each segment with a semi-circular basal band of white scales. Ungues of ? , small, equal, and simple. Proboscis banded in the ^ only. Head yellowish in the middle, a dark brown patch on each side, and pure white, between the dark patches and the eyes, at the sides ; a few black forked upright scales dotted about and dark brown bristles projecting forwards ; palpi of J , covered with black scales ; those of S » brown, with basal white rings on the joints ; proboscis of $ , dark brown, paler at the tip, and m some lights, along the basal half ; that of $ , with a white band and yellow tip. Pleurae pale, with three white patches. Halteres, with grey stem and pale brown and white knobs. Venter creamj'-white. Length. — 4 mm.
Habitat. — Lower Amazons, Eio de Janeho.
Dr. Lutz calls it "the small day mosquito."
Note. — The above description applies in the main to certain female specunens from South America, identified with this species by Mr. Theobald, in which the proboscis is not banded. Fabricius, however, who appears to have based his descriptions on a J specimen, distinctly states that the " haustellum is ringed white " ; so that should the males corresponding to Dr. Theobald's specimens turn out to have an unhanded proboscis, the identification must necessarily be erroneous. 29. CULEX SECUTOR, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 321). Tarsi deep brown, with pale bands at the tibio-tarsal, and all the tarsal articulations of the hind legs only. Thorax deep brown, covered with pale golden-brown scales, and adorned with two prominent bare lines in the middle in front, slightly expanding anteriorly. Abdomen almost black, with traces of white basal banding, which is fairly distinct on the second and third segments. Proboscis with a narrow pale band on its apical half, in the (? only.
Head nearly' black, with golden-brown linear cuiwed scales and dark brown forked scales ; rather paler in the middle ; palpi of ? nearly black, with a grey band at the base of the long, last joint ; those of ^ with a