CULEX — FEET UNBANDED ; ABD. PALE BASAL BANDS 447 joint, very tapering, brown, with a pale band towards the base. Pleurae testaceous, with a few white scales. Legs black, with white spots at the apices of the femora and tibiae. Halteres with pale stems and a broad, cup-shaped knob with a black rim. Length. — 6 mm. Habitat.— l^ew Zealand.
96. CULEX PUSILLUS, Macquart (" D. E." sup. 4, p. 9). Tarsi, ^ale yellow. Thorax brown, yellowish and paler behind, ornamented with whitish lines. Abdominal segments dark brown, with white basal bands.
Head and appendages black or nearly so. Legs pale yellow. Much resembles C. fatiqans, Wied., but has 4 very close up to 3. Length. — 3mm.
Habitat. — Egypt.
97. CULEX FLAYIPES, Macquart (1838).
= C. violestus, KoUar ; = C. serotinus, Phihppi.
(Dipt. Exot. i, 1, 35, 5 (1838), Macquart; Hist. fio. y polit. de Chile, Zool. vii, 332, 1 (1852), Blanch. ; Verhandl. zool. -hot. Gesellsch. xv, 595, 1 (1865), Philippi ; An. Soc. Cient. Arg. iv. 112 (1882), Arribalzaga ; Catal. 4, 3 (1883), at Bol. Acad. Arg. iv, 112 (1882), Arribalzaga; Aufzahl. d. Chile, Dipt, i, 1 (1865) Philippi (= serotinus); Bras. vorz. last. Ins. 187, f. 13 (1832), Kollar (= violestus) ; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xvii, 331, 1 (1837), Walker ; Dipt. Arg. 528 (1891), Arrib41zaga.) Tarsi uniformly fuscous. Thorax rufous, with minute curved golden scales, and with two parallel median fuscous lines. Abdomen fuscous with basal yellow bands ; venter ochreous, with pale scales. Tarsal claws equal and simple in both sexes. ? .—Head brown, with numerous dull golden curved scales and forked upright fuscous ones, a pale creamy border round the eyes, and a pale flat-scaled patch on each side ; proboscis deep brown at the tip, ochreous brown at the bass ; palpi ochreous, covered with deep brown scales ; antennae pale brown ; basal joint bright testaceous ; clypeus brown. Scutellum, with pale scales and seven bristles to the median lobe. Pleurae marked with dusky and frosty scales. Legs j'ellow at the base ; tibiae and tarsi clothed with fuscous scales. Halteres pale, with fuscous knobs. Venter pale yellow. Length. — About 5 mm.
Habitat. — South America; Lower Amazon, Chili, Brazil, Argentine, Uruguay.
Observation. — The above description is abbreviated from Mr. Theobald's account of the species he takes to be Macquart's, and which he finds is so variable as to account for its want of accordance with the type in the Jardui des Plantes.
448 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII 98. CULEX ORNATUS, Hoffmanseg (Meigen).
— C. equimcs, Meigen (not the C. ornatus of Ficalbi). (Syst. Bsschr. Eur. Zweifillgel. i, 5, 4 (1818), Meigen; Klass. d. Zwei. Aufl. 3, 4, Meigen ; Suit, i, 35, 9, Macq. ; Dipt. Scand. ix, 3458, 4, Zett. ; Fn. Austr. ii, 629, Sclainer ; Dipt. Neer. p. 327, Van der Wulp.) Tarsi nearly black. Thorax whitish, with two black streaks. Abdomen fuscous, with basal white bands.
Head, proboscis, and antennae dark brown, the last with brown hairs in the 3 ; palpi of the <?, blackish-brown, with long hairs and three whitish spots. Pleurae dark brown, with white patches. Legs brown, with the coxae duU yellow ; femora dark brown ; knee spot white ; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings with brown scales. Length. — 3 lines.
Note. — The type in the Jardin des Plantes is represented by a pin only. Mr. Theobald does not think that Ficalbi's description (" F. R.," p. 285) applies to Meigen's species.
Habitat. — ^Northern Europe, including England.
99. CULEX LUTEOLATERALIS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 71). Tarsi uniformly yellowish-brown. Thorax deep purplishblack, with a broad lateral yellow to orange line on each side, the darker median portion with dull yellow and brown scales. Abdomen deep brown, with basal creamy-yellow bands. Wings in the $ , with yellow and brown scaled veins. Second joint of anterior in ? , dilated.
Head dark brown, with narrow curved golden-yellow scales in the middle, flat ochreous and dusky ones at the sides, with a few dull upright forked scales, and a tuft of golden bristles projecting between the eyes ; eyes large, black and silvery ; palpi of ? , orange-scaled at the base, black at the apices ; those of <? , entirely brown, much longer than the proboscis, and lookuig only three-jointed, with a very dense black tuft on the last joint. Pleurae dark brown with a few pale scales. Legs dull ochreous, covered with brown scales, the ground colour showing in the femora, especially at the bases and under sides ; femora, tibiae and first tarsals spiny, the first hind tarsal joints not quite as long as the tibite ; femora rather dilated. Tarsal claws as in Plate xvii, fig. 5. Venter dusky. Length. — Variable, about 4 mm.
Habitat. — Durban, South Africa, January ; Salisbury, Mashonaland, March ; Perak, Straitg Settlements.
CULBX— FEET UNBANDED ; ABD. PALE BASAL BANDS 449 100. CULEX PULCHRIYENTER, Sp. n.
(Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xiii, p'. 608.)
Plate xvii, fig. 1, Tarsal claws ? and $ ; la, Venation of ? wing ; lb, Head and appendages ^ ; Ic, Diagram and abdominal adornment of ? ; Id, Ditto of <? ; le. Larvae, x 7.
Tarsi unhanded, black. Thorax golden-scaled, with a fine median, and broader lateral bare black lines. Abdominal segments black, with snowy basal bands, and the venter elaborately adorned with golden, snowy-white, and black markings. Head black, with two bands of golden scales, separated by a delicate bare black line, with a fine line of golden scales round the eyes ; lateral flat-scaled patches white, rather small ; antenna but two-thirds the length of the proboscis in the ^ ; black throughout in the ? , the internodes are covered with whitish down, and there is a silky patch on the basal joint ; palpi of ? , very short, black, with a few golden hairs at the apex and at the base of the third joint ; those of ^ , only four-fifths the length of the proboscis, the last joint tapered, but flattened and very short, black with a few yellow hairs at the apex and a ring on the base of the third joint. Pleurae and coxae, dark with a few silvery patches. Legs sooty-black, save for the golden undersides of the femora, a distinct knee-spot, and a few stray bristles of the same colour on the other joints. The five middle segments of the venter are adorned with lunate golden apical patches, bounded by a sooty line, which separates them from a pair of lateral snowy patches. Length. — 5 to 6 mm.
Habitat. — Naini Tal, Himalayas, 7,000 feet. Essentially a sylvan species. Breeds in clean water pools in the course of hill torrents. The larvae are large, nearly black, with the sides of the head yellow, and have extremely short respiratory syphons.
101. CULEX REESII, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 145).
Tarsi uniformly dark brown. Thorax dark brown, with two pale parallel stripes when denuded, covered with pale golden scales, and with a broad median dark line of deep brown scales. Abdomen deep brown, with pale creamy-white basal bands, often dull. Venation much as in C. pipiens, but stem of the first submarginal cell longer. Tarsal claws of 2 , equal and simple. 5 . — Head dark brown, with grey curved scales and black upright forked ones, pale grey round the eyes ; proboscis dark brown, pale at the tip ; palpi of ? , short, densely black scaled, those of <? , nearly black, with two pale bands near the base ; anteimae dark brown, with pale pubescence and dark hairs, slightly testaceous at the base ; clypeus deep brown. Scutellum, with yellowish grey scales and eight bristles on the 29
450 GNATS OK MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII I'.iiddle lobe. Pleurae marked pale brown and grey. Legs dark brown, unbanded, except the bases and venter of the femora, which are pallid. Haltei-es with grey stem and dusky knob. Venter, densely covered with pale ochreous scales ; first segment with two patches of black scales and densely hairy. Lentj/th. — About 4-7 mm.
Habitat. — Hong Kong, China, October.
102. CULEX LINEALIS, Skuse (" S. A. C." p. 1747). Tarsi uniformly violet-black. Thorax brown, with four parallel golden scaled lines. Abdominal segments violet-black, with narrow ochreous basal bands.
5 . — Head brown, with golden scales and hairs ; antennae brown, five-sixths the length of the proboscis, which is six times the length of the palpi, both being clothed with violet-black scales. Pleurae brown, with a few, rather indistinct, white patches. Legs violetblack, with a small j'ellow knee-spot, and the coxte and femora yellow, except the violet-black subapical portion of the latter on its upper side ; hind tibiae one-third longer than their first metatarsals. Wings with auxiliary junction || 3 ; fork of II well outside that of IV, its cell barely the longer but much the narrower ; 4 twice its length inside 3. Halteres ochreous. Venter ochreous, with narrow black apical bands, a character which alone suffices to distinguish it from C.pijnens, L., and C. fatigans, Weid. Length. — About 5 mm.
Habitat. — Knapsack Gully, Blue Mountains ; Hexham and Wheeney Creek, N.S.W. October to January.
Observations. — An obviously distmct species, though nothing answering to it has been received in the British Museum from Australia. 103. CULEX ZOMBAENSIS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 143). Plate xvii, fig, 13a, Arrangement of cross-veins ; 13b, End of proboscis ; 13c, Palpus of 2 ' Tarsi uniformly brown. Thorax deep brown, with narrow curved dull golden-brown scales and two narrow, parallel, bare, dark lines, wide apart. Abdomen dark dusky-brown, with narrow basal grey bands. Ungues of the $ , equal and simple. Wings, with the stem of the first sub-marginal cell not quite as short as in C. pipiens.
5 . — Head brown, with pale, narrow curved, and almost white flat scales at the sides, together with numerous black upright forked ones ; clypeus dark brown ; palpi black, with a small apical joint (?) ; proboscis deep brown m the middle, black at the base and apex ; antennie deep bro^\ n..
CULEX — FEET UNBANDED ; ABD. PALE BASAL BANDS 451 Scufcellum pale brown, with eight bristles on the median lobe. Pleurae golden-brown, with dull white patches. Legs brown, unhanded, kneespots creamy-white, as also are the apices of the tibiae. Halteres with yellow stem and dusky knob. Venter with many white scales. Differs from C. pipiens in the pale abdominal bands being narrow and grey. Length. — 5 mm.
Habitat. — Zomba, British Central Africa.
104. CULEX IMPUDICUS, Ficalbi (" F. E." p. 295).
Tarsi uniformly nearly black. Tiiorax dark brownish-grey, with two longitudinal, brassy lines behind ; pleurae whitespotted. Abdominal segments dark, with white narrow basal bands, and hinder borders. Claspers of J , exceptionally large and of peculiar form. Tarsal claws of ? , equal, simple. Head dark, with the nape and orbits clear grey. Proboscis, nearly black ; palpi of the 3^ , pointed, surpassing the proboscis by the length of the entire last joint, together with the end of the penultimate ; nearlj^ black, as also are those of the ? . Antennae in both sexes, with the verticils nearly black, and the stem with alternate white and black rings, the latter being the narrower ; the basal joint nearly black, bordered with white scales. Pleurae dark, spotted and speckled with white. Legs with the COX8B speckled white, elsewhere nearly black except the undersides of the femora, which are yellowish. Venter whitish, with black lateral spots placed near the bases of the segments (in the ? only). Length. — 6*5 to 7 mm.
Habitat. — Sardinia and Sicilv 105. CULEX HIRSUTEROS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 98). Tarsi uniformly brown. Thorax brown, with scattered creamy scales (a dai-k median stripe when denuded). Abdomen deep brown, with basal bands of white scales, except on the last two segments, which show only a basal patch of white scales on each side. Tarsal claws of $ , all symmetrical, thick, and uniserrate. $ . — Head dark brown, densely covered with creamy curved scales in the middle, and with scattered upright forked ones ; sides of the head, with a small patch of almost black, flat scales ; antennae nearly brown, with a few pale scales on the inner side of the basal joint ; palpi covered with brown, to almost black, scales ; proboscis, very dark brown, faintly testaceous at the base ; clypeus, deep testaceous. Pleuras reddishbrown, with white patches. Legs brownish, rather yellowish on the femora, which sometimes have a knee-spot, in the hinder pair. Halteres ochreous. Venter, pale brown. Length. — Little over 3 mm. Habitat. — Woodstock, Virginia, U.S.A.
452 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII 106. CULEX UNCUS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 53).
Tarsi black. Thorax chestnut-brown, with tawny and black scales and a few lateral pale ones. Abdomen browaiish-black, with basal white patches, which extend in some cases nearly across the segments, to form incomplete bands. Clypeus very blunt and broad. Knobs of the pale halteres, hook-shaped. 5 . — Head and appendages black, save for narrow creamy orbits, which are wider behind, and expand below to join with the lateral flat-scaled patches of the back of the head, which are of the same colour. Pleura; yellowish-brown, with whitish patches. Legs nearly black, except the pale undersides of the femora. Venter white banded. Length. — 4 mm. Habitat. — Straits Settlements ; amongst plantams in the Klang jungle.
107. CULEX PRUINOSUS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 32). (Rept. Liverpool School Trop. Med. 1901.)
Tarsi uniformly brown. Thorax covered with frosty-grey scales, with traces of two parallel darker lines. Abdomen with the last three segments with basal lateral white spots, almost forming bands, bases of the other segments slightly paler, in the S , with more or less distinct banding. Wings with fork of II over four times the length of its stem ; that of IV more than twice ; 3 and 4 forming a very acute angle. Tarsal claws of ? , equal and simple ; those of ^ , very unsymmetrical, each with an extra claw in fore and mid legs.
Head brown, clothed with hoary, narrow curved, and numerous ochreous upright forked scales ; clypeus and proboscis, deep brown ; antennsB brown, basal joint paler ; palpi of $ , nearly black ; those of $ , ochreous, with dark brown scales, and black brushes on the last two joints, with a narrow pale band near the base. Scutellum frosty ; pleurie ochreous, darker above. Legs nearly brown, saving the nearly white undersides of the femora. Halteres ochreous. Length. — About 5 mm. Habitat. — West Africa.
108. CULEX SERICEUS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 147). Tarsi uniformly brown. Thorax rich dark brown, with narrow curved dusky-bronze scales, with a narrow median dusky line, and a hnear dusky patch on each side in front. Abdomen dark brown, with dull ochreous basal bands, often indistinct. A broad grey band round the head in front.
CULEX — DARK FEET, APICAL ABD. BANDING 453 ? . — Head black, with dusky-brown, narrow curved, and black upright forked scales ; around the eyes, and generally in front, a distinct border of white scales, which expand behmd into flat-scaled white lateral patches ; antennae dark brown ; palpi short and thick, almost black ; proboscis deep brown, black at the apex, which is rather expanded. Scutellum reddish-brown, with apparently five strong bristles on the middle lobe ; pleurae grey, with two dark spots above. Legs brown, the femora ochreous, mottled with brown scales. Halteres grey, with dusky knobs. Length. — 5 mm.
Habitat. — Kong Kong, China; October.
109. CULEX NIGRITULUS, Zetterstedt (Dipt. Scand. t. ix). Plate xvii, fig. 14, Fore and liind tarsal claws of 3 ; 14a, Head and appendages of 3 • Tarsi uniformly brovv^n. Thorax dark brown, with thin golden-brown curved scales, paler on each side of the scutellum. Abdomen dusky brown, with indistinct pale basal bands, widest in the middle, sometimes dull white, at others, when worn, cinereous. Venter dusky, with faint narrow pale basal bands. Tarsal claws of ? , equal and simple ; of the (? , as in figure. A small dehcate species 3-5 to 4 mm. long, with the abdominal banding much less marked than in C. pipiens.
? . — Head dark brown, with pale golden curved scales and a pale clear border round the eyes ; flat whitish scales at the sides of the head ; black upright forked scales before the white lateral patches and brown ones behind ; antennae blackish-brown, basal joint bright ferruginous ; palpi of ? , dark brown ; those of <? , with two paler bands. Scutellum with seven bristles on the middle lobe ; pleurae pallid. Legs brown, palhd on the coxae and undersides of the femora. Halteres pale, the knob clothed with creamy scales. Venter dusky, with faint basal bands. Length. — 3-5 to 4*5 mm.
Habitat. — Scandinavia and England.
Subdivision iv. — Culices loith unbanded tarsi and the abdominal segments ivitli jjale apical bands.
110 (7. Salisburiensis, Theob. Abdomen dark brown, with narrow yellow apical bands, expanding at the sides to form lateral spots. Thorax golden-brown with indistinct linear markmgs. Tarsi brown.
111. C. concolor, R. Desv. Abdomen chocolate-brown, with broad yellow apical bands, almost covering the hinder segments. Thorax yellowish-brown, with a pale patch before the scutellum, and indistinct linear markings. Tarsi, with mixed dark and yellow scales. Venter, creamy.
454 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII 112. C. fiiscanus, Wied. Abdomen dusky with light grey apical bands. Thorax dark with signs of linear marking. 113. C. territans, Walker. Abdominal segments brown, with whitish hinder borders. Thorax golden-brown, with two dark -lines. Tarsi brown.
114. C. hortensis, Ficalbi. Abdomen black, with pale apical bands. Thorax, mouse-coloured, unadorned. Tarsi blue-black. Venter white, with black lateral spots.
110. CULEX SALISBURIENSIS, Theobald (Monog. II, p. 112). Tarsi uniformly brown. Thorax brown, with golden-brown curved scales ; showing more or less linear ornamentation, a dull, bare, median line and lateral ones at the back, expanding in the middle of the thorax. Abdomen dark brown, with narrow, apical, yellowish bands, expanded laterally so as to form yellow lateral spots. Ungues of the ? , equal and simple ; fork-cells of the wings rather short, and the cross- veins distinctly alternated, 3 distinctly outside 2, and 4 far internal.
Head black-grounded, with straw-coloured linear curved, and black erect forked scales ; the lateral flat scaled patches whitish ; antennae brown, with a lighter patch on the side of the basal joint ; palpi short, black, with a peculiar quadrangular terminal joint (vide Plate xvii, fig. 9). Pleurse brown, with two broad transverse creamy Imes. Legs brown ; coxae, unhanded ; femora, pale, slightly mottled ; tibiaj and tarsi black ; knee spot indistinct. Halteres, with pale stems and fuscous knobs. Length. — About 4 mm.
Habitat. — Salisbury, Mashonaland ; March and April. 111. CULEX CONCOLOR, Eobineau Desvoidy.
(M6m. d. 1. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris, iv, 405.) Plate xvii, fig. 8a, Venation of wing of ^ ; 8b, of ? . Tarsi uniformly clothed with mixed ferruginous, and deep chocolate-brown scales, the latter preponderating on the upper joints, while the last ones are almost entirely clothed with the lighter scales. Thorax with chocolate ground coloui'ing, and two submedian raised ridges, densely clothed with ferruginous scales, the ridges sometimes showing as bare lines ; a large creamy patch in front of the scutellum, prolonged into two very indistinct lateral lines. Abdomen deep chocolate-brown, with equally wide apical bands, which cover almost all of the last two segments. In the S , the last lour or five segments may be entirely ferruginous,