THE AMPHIBIA OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIAN ARCHIPELAGO with 29 illustrations Dr. P. N. VAN KAMPEN Professor at the University, Leiden. LEIDEN — 1923.
SMe Pace 09 ae i Op a Ua
ie é ea 2 = Ce aa “ PRINTED BY E. J. BRILL LTD., LEIDEN (HOLLAND). “23-43 —
PREP ACKE, In the preface to the two volumes of this series, describing the Reptiles of the indo-australian Archipelago, I have given a short history about the work on the Vertebrates of Dutch East-India.
It began with the publication of a work on the fishes of the Archipelago of which four volumes have already appeared. With the valuable cooperation of Dr. J. C. KONINGSBERGER, while director of ’sLands Plantentuin at Buitenzorg, Java, and later on with that of his successor Dr. W. M. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN, the original plan got successively a wider scope and the preparation of a series of handbooks of the vertebrate fauna of the Archipelago was recommended. In 1912 the aid of the government was gained for the publication of the two quoted volumes about the Reptiles, which were issued in 1915 and 1917.
It was then allowed to presume, that the governmental aid would also be bestowed upon a volume describing the indoaustralian Amphibia, which was under preparation by Prof. P. N. VAN KAMPEN. However, in 1921, when the manuscript of his work was finished, the economical situation was so totally changed, that there was no chance to get the financial support from the government, necessary for issuing the volume.
This financial dilemna was solved by the ,Zoologisch Insulindefonds”, by the ,Gresshoff-Rumphius-fonds” and by the »Leidsch Universiteitsfonds’, who were ready to support the finances.
All those who are interested in the fauna of this region are therefore indebted to the councils of these institutions, and it is a pleasing duty of thanking them for their valuable help so cordially given. | The Amphibia of the indo-australian Archipelago described in the present volume enumerate 254 species. In 1907 Prof. VAN KAMPEN published a list of the Amphibia of the same region which contained 194 species. The greatest
Vi advance, since the publication of that list, in our knowledge of indo-australian Amphibia, is due to the intensive scientific exploration of the western or dutch part of New Guinea by several dutch (between 1907 and 1921) and two british expeditions (1910, 1912). The greatest part of the collected Amphibia were described by VAN KAMPEN in different papers. In no less degree our knowledge about the distribution of Amphibia through the Archipelago was furthered since 1907 by scientific exploration of various islands by individual collectors and by scientific expeditions, dutch and otherwise. Accordingly Prof. VAN KAMPEN had the advantage to profite of recently published results of other investigators and to dispose of extensive material collected in Sumatra by L. PH. DE Bussy, EDW. JACOBSON and Jhr. F. C. vAN HEURN; on the island Simalur by EDw. JACOBSON; on the island Nias by J. P. KLEIWEG DE ZWAAN; on Celebes by W. KAUDERN; on Ceram by L. F. DE BEAUFORT and L. RUTTEN; on Buru by L. J. TOxopEus; on Waigeu by L. F. DE BEAUFORT. These collectors deserve our thanks for contributing materially to the study of indian Amphibia.
We are under particular obligations to Dr. K. W. DAMMERMAN, Director of the Zoological Museum at Buitenzorg, for sending for study the Amphibia in the institution under his control; as also to Prof. E. D. VAN OorT, Director and of Dr. TH. W. VAN LIDTH DE JEUDE, Curator of the Museum at Leiden, for the facilities given for studying the Amphibia under their charge.
In bringing this volume before the public, those who are interested in the vertebrate fauna of the Dutch East Indies are to be congratulated, that Prof. VAN KAMPEN presented them with an able guide to the study of the Amphibia of the Archipelago. The discussion, at the end of the volume, of the distribution of the species on the various islands of the Archipelago and on the neighbouring continents of Asia and Australia, will be of much interest to students of zoogeography. It is also a pleasure to acknowledge the interest of the publisher, the firma E. J. BRILL, Ltd. of Leiden, while this volume went through the press.
Prof. MAX WEBER, Late Director of the Zoological Museum of the University of Amsterdam.
INTRODUCTION.
The great increase of the number of species of Amphibians known from the Dutch East Indies, which has taken place especially since the beginning of this century, seems to make a critical compilation of the very dispersed literature on this subject not superfluous. In the present work I have given descriptions with synoptic tables of all Amphibians and tadpoles known from that region.
In confining its boundaries I followed the authors of the works on Fishes and Reptiles of this same series in extending them a little beyond the Dutch Archipelago. So I included the whole of Borneo, Timor and New Guinea and also the island Pelawan, the fauna of which is closely related to that of Borneo, and the Bismarck archipelago, Solomon islands and a few other islands, which show the same affinity to New Guinea. A ! behind the name of a locality means that I have seen one or more specimens from that locality. For each species I cited only the more important literature, f.i. those papers in which further ones are quoted and those which contain synonymes or figures. Papers issued before 1882, the year of publication of the well-known Catalogue of Boulenger, as a rule are not mentioned, except those which contain original descriptions.
I must add here a short explication of the manner used by me in taking the measures. In the description of the adult animals with /ength I mean, if not otherwise stated, the distance from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the body. The measures given are the largest ones which are known. In measuring the length of the head I take the distance from the tip of the snout to the posterior border of the skull in the median line; its wzdth is measured at the point, where the head is broadest, i.e. usually at its posterior end. The length of the snout is taken from its tip to the anterior border
Vill of the upper eyelid, its depth is the vertical distance between canthus rostralis and mouth, measured at the anterior border of the upper eyelid. The wédth of the interorbital space is the smallest distance between the upper eyelids, The szze of the tympanum is measured along its greatest diameter. In the tadpoles the width of the body is taken in its broadest part; with /ength of the body is meant the distance from the tip of the snout to the point of origin of the hind limbs; the length of the tail is measured from this point to its tip, its depth is taken at its highest point, both crests included. The number of series of horny teeth is indicated by a formula, f.i. 3'3/'2' signifies: four series in the upper, three in the lower lip, the three lower (inner) ones of upper lip and the upper (inner) one of lower lip each being divided into two portions by a median interruption.
I wish to direct the attention of collectors on the fact, that only very few tadpoles of Indo-Australian Anura are known at present. In collecting tadpoles, however, it is necessary (when it is impossible to rear them) to collect material of young and full-grown frogs at the same locality; otherwise the tadpoles usually cannot be determined. The best preservation fluid for tadpoles is formol.
I have to express my thanks to Prof. MAX WEBER for his valuable assistance in many points. Iam much indebted also to: Mr. TH. BARBoUR, Dr. G. A. BOULENGER, Prof. L. DOLLO, Mr. C. BODEN KLOoss, Prof. L. RouLE, Dr. J. Roux, Mr. MALC. SMITH, Dr. TH. Vogt, Prof. F. WERNER for useful informations and the sending of specimens for examination, Leiden, July 1923. P. N. vAN KAMPEN.
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
AMPHIBIA.
Page | i I. Order Gymnophiona ... Banniy CARCILIIDAE .'. 02.02. ip dia Ny ios i aa me soiiecenoses: (lsc) es ahs 2. monochrous (Blkr.) . . Mer Order “Antira’ so 3. PORCTRCDA22.5)esine)eyhasalve 1. Family PELOBATIDAE.... 1. WVesobia nom. nov. 1. natunae(Gthr.).... 2. Megalophrys Kuhl&v. Hass. Db vegayac Laylots’. .'~ % 2. montana Kuhl&v.Hass. 3. nastia(Schigz)’ +. 4. hasselti (S. Mill.) .. Be eraeres. (Gtr)... 5. 6. baluensis (Blgr.) ... 3. Batrachopsis Blgr. 1. melanopyga (Doria). . 2. Family CYSTIGNATHIDAE. . Tee anerorHs Bien. Nt. es... Boyiciever? DISH 2 os Be WA ASICT. NIAC A ed aS. 1. convextusculus Macl. . BGrinne ET scmudt. ("2 3." 1. signifera Girard ... Ree Miamily, PLY EROAE 6!) ay 1. Vyctimantis Blgr..... Lilole4(aeON8a BV OTA Dipti ss. ok Rerivle UWaGre. eon ns as 8 or Am BW N Page . rhacophorus v. Kamp. 28 . .amboinensis Horst... 29 ; papuensis Wern:- s . 36 . graminea Bigr..... 30 i bernsteing Yiorst.’ } x. °31 “eutnemis, \onnb. <".* 5/32 “obsolete Lonnb. . 29 3232 . montana Ptrs, & Dor. 33 SUECHE oder tere cs tates 34 rueppelle Bttgrs. 5. 35 BO LLG Bde o) V4 daar ae 35 . brachypus (Wern.) . . 37 + OUWENStE-BAaTD.c 0) ess 2, . atropunctata NOM. NOV. 37 . longicrus (Blgr.).. . . 38 . albolabris Wand... . 39 . arfakiana Ptrs. & Dor. 39 . wolterstor fi (Wern.). 40 (rage BIST. trea wees 4t . wollastont Blgr.. .. . 42 . chloronota (Blgr.). . . 42 ip geen Wert. * Weve. 43 prOtcOLOT: (GTA) a ve tie fe 44 . empura Ptrs. & Dor. 45 . macgregort Dgl.-Og. . 46 . genimaculata Horst. . 47 SOINDETOPSDIGT.Coaates48 . thesaurensis Ptrs.. . . 49 a22edeeeERsVetavetdevs=50 . solomonis Vogt... .. 50 NGULTCLEE, EEE oe Wath. & 51 . infrafrenata Gthr... 51 ASPCTIGELEMENGEokoie+1554 . militaria (Ramsay). . 55 . humeratlis Blgr.. ... 56 -caruensis’ Ehorst.. ='. . §6 . sanguinolenta v. Kamp. 57
Page 37. caerulea (White)... 58 38. angiana Blgr...... 59 39. congenita Ptrs. & Dor. 60 40. rubella Gray? . ss. « 62 41. obtusirostris (Meyer). 63 42. vagabunda Ptrs. & Dor. 63 43. “asuig (Galay). 2... 64 44. (?) dorsalis (Macl.) . . 65 4. Family BuronipAE..... 65 . Lectophryne Buchh.&Ptrs. 66 Tat PRISE NIOEO. ie te em 66 BORE SEL AOR sous hss. eos 67 BeCOLCLIEEMOURL cnSeisse68 As) SUCHZLETE: PICT; n.. io 68 Bs MMACTOLS BIST. os.) 69 6. stgnata Blgr. 70 7. borbonica (Bole)... . 70 8. maculata Moca. 7k 9. picturata Smith. ye BMAP MOAT he gee ase ove 72 1. deptopus Gthr. 75 2. penangensis (Stol.) . . 75 3. jerboa Blgr. .
4. fuligineus Mocq.... 77 5. cruentatus eohyrdlis 78 6. sumatranus Ptrs.. 78 7. valhallae M.-Waldo. . 79 8. spinulifer Mocq.... 79 g. melanostictus Schneid. 80 10. gymnauchen Blkr. . . 81 bi aR) a 12 1/0 OR ee 82 12. celebensis Schlg.. . . . 82 13. philippinicus Blgr. 86 14. claviger Ptrs.
15. guadriporcatus Blgr. 87 16. divergens Ptrs.
17 PUT UUS MTs nehtss nae 88 18. 40nater Batb, <%=). 89 19. biporcatus Gravh... 90 20. chlorogaster Daud. . 92 3. Pseudobufo Vschudi.. 92 1. subasper Tschudi. . 92 2. wernert (v. Kamp.). Furmisterniay 70 -sco. fe 95 | 5. Family BREVICIPITIDAE .. 95 Tay. SCo phim aera va 95 1. Dyscophina v. Kamp. . 95 i. volt Vv. Kanaps «205.596 Sop eae Bler see tee yg brpokst. Bigt...-ss- xe 97 3: oe tutes Barb. & Noble 98 1. smithi Barb. & Noble 98 2: BYE VIClpPItaNae 2 .i.4einee 1. Liophnyne Bier... «ss 100 t. rhododactyla Blgr. . 100 Bi BrEDI PES, BACT. x Sie IOL 2. RAMPENL INST, 5 9: 9 4c IOI 2. Calophrynus Tschudi. . 102 1. pleurostigma (S. Mill.) toz 2. heterochirus Blgr. . . 104 3.. puuciaius Pirs: 25 204 . Sphenophryne Ptrs.&Dor. 104 . cornuta Ptrs. & Dor. 105 5 MISSY IST sae eB 107 . macrorhyncha (v.K.) 107 . polysticta (v. Méh.) . 108 . fusca (Mocq.).. . . tog , beyert. (Taylor)... ». 110 reophryne Bttgr. . .. 110 variabilis (Blgr.) . . 112 . celebensis (F, Miill.). 112 . monticola (Blgr.) . . 113 . verrucosa (Blgr.) . . 113 deteles: (Blot) 235 oti 115 . senckenbergiana Bttgr. 115 . crucifera (vy. Kamp.) 116 . anthonyi (Blgr.) .. . 117 0,::MO7F4GE LE) tate ss 117 10. dtrot (vy. Meéh,)...... 718 11. albopunctata (v. K.). 119° 12. mertoni (Roux)... 120 5. Microbatrachus Roux.. 121 Li PUSHES ROUX kha Tek 6. Oxydactyla v. Kamp. . 122 1. brevicrus v. Kamp.. 122 4. iGathelops Tlgt. 2 si 123 ios) on AnkwWwNH ODM HW DN