255 the tympanum; belly and proximal part of lower surface of thighs granulate.
Upper parts greyish white, finely dotted with blackish; a narrow dark cross-bar between the eyes and another, indistinct one behind it; limbs without cross-bars; the dermal ridges and the flap of the heel whitish; yellowish red beneath, throat and belly whitish. Length 59 mm.
Tadpole. — The following tadpoles from Pasir Datar, W.-Java, probably belong to this species.
Length of body 1'/, to nearly 2 times its width; tail 1'/, (in young specimens) to 2'/, (in older ones) times as long as body and 3'/, (in the young ones) to 4'/, (in older ones) times _as long as deep. Nostril about as far from eye as from tip of snout; eyes superior, in the middle between spiraculum and tip of snout; distance between them 1'/, to 2 times that between the nostrils; spiraculum sinistral, directed upwards and _ backwards, visible from above and from below, equally distant from tip of snout and vent; vent dextral. Tail pointed; the upper crest a little deeper than the lower one and reaching the base of the tail.
Mouth ventral; sides and lower border of lips with a continuous series of papillae, which along the sides are placed in 2 to 3, along the lower border in 3 to 4 rows; jaws edged with black; series of teeth 5'5/3, second and third series of upper lip very narrowly interrupted (the second one sometimes continuous); the series of lower lip nearly equal in length, the inner one sometimes hardly interrupted.
Body grey above, white below; tail yellowish with light grey, transparant crests; posterior part of tail with large blackish-grey spots. Length 58 mm.
Habitat: Java (Buitenzorg; Tjibodas!; Mt. Malabar, 1500 m.!; Tjisurupan).
11. Rhacophorus appendiculatus (Gthr.).
Polypedates appendiculatus Giinther, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1858, p. 79. Rhacophorus appendiculatus Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 86, pl. VIII, fig. 4.
Rhacophorus appendiculatus Mocquard, Nouv. Arch. Mus. d’ Hist. nat., (3) I, 1890, p. 150.
Rhacophorus phyllopygus Werner, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., XIII, 1900, p. 494, pl. XXXII, fig. 5.
Rhacophorus appendiculatus Roux, Revue Suisse Zool., XXVI, 1918, p. 414.
256 Vomerine teeth in two oblique series between the choanae. Head as long as broad; snout rather pointed, nearly as long as the upper eyelid, longer than deep; canthus rostralis more or less rounded, curved; loreal region oblique, slightly concave ; nostril a little nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space as broad to 1'/, times as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, half the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers and toes well developed, that of third finger about as large as the tympanum, those of toes somewhat smaller; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; outer fingers 1/,, toes nearly entirely webbed; subarticular tubercles very prominent, those of third and fourth fingers, or that of fourth finger only, sometimes double; a small inner, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the eye or the tip of the snout; tibia half the length of head and body. Smooth above, or with small warts; small dermal prominences near the vent and on the heel; a more or less developed cutaneous fringe along the outer edge of tarsus and fore-arm; sometimes a feeble dermal fold along the edge of the lower jaw; belly granular or smooth, lower surface of thighs granular.
Greyish above; a rufous or blackish cross-bar between the eyelids, another one on the snout and a third one on the nape, and some large spots of the same colour on the back may be present; limbs more or less distinctly cross-barred. Length 46 mm. Habitat: Mentawei islands (Sipora); Sumatra (Sungai Kumbang, 1600 m.!, Kurintji peak; Indragiri); Borneo (Baram; Mt. Dulit). — Philippines.
12. Rhacophorus poecilonotus Blgr.
Rhacophorus poecilonotus Boulenger, Jrn. Fed. Malay St. Mus., VIII, 1920, p. 294. Vomerine teeth in two long transverse or slightly oblique series between the choanae. Head very strongly depressed ; snout rounded or more or less pointed; canthus rostralis curved ; loreal region very oblique, concave; nostril equally distant from end of snout and eye; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, ?/, diameter of eye. Disks of fingers as large as the tympanum, of toes smaller; fingers half webbed, toes webbed to the disks; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles feeble; the heel reaches the eye or between eye and tip of snout.
257 Smooth above; heel with a more or less distinct conical tubercle; belly and lower surface of thighs granular. Coloration very variable. Grey or pale brown above, with brown or blackish marblings or symmetrical markings, or blackish brown with pale grey or whitish markings forming two cross-bands on the snout and two bands along the back; limbs orange, with dark brown transverse lines, which may be very numerous; lower parts white. From snout to vent 48 mm. Male with a subgular vocal sac.
Habitat: Sumatra (Sungai Kumbang, 1400 m., Kurintyji peak). , 13. Rhacophorus bifasciatus nova spec.
Vomerine teeth in two slightly oblique series between the choanae. Head as long or nearly as long as broad; snout more or less pointed, as long as the upper eyelid, longer than deep; canthus rostralis angular, curved; loreal region oblique, concave; nostril usually a little nearer to the tip of snout than to the eye; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, '/, to ?/, the width of the eye. Disks of three outer fingers about as large as the tympanum, of first finger and of toes smaller; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; outer fingers about ?/, webbed, the web not reaching the disks; first finger only webbed at the base; fifth toe a little longer than third; toes nearly entirely webbed, the web reaching all the disks, except that of fourth toe; subarticular tubercles well developed, single; a feeble inner, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the tip of the snout or between eye and tip of snout; tibia half length of head and body, or hardly longer.
Smooth above; feeble dermal ridges above the vent and along outer edges of fore-arm and outer finger, and of tarsus and outer toe; heel with a triangular dermal appendage; a feeble fold above the tympanum; belly and lower surface of thighs granulate.
Purplish above, with two irregular, white dorsolateral bands, which are confluent in the coccygeal region; in young specimens they are broken up into blotches. Fore head, including the anterior part of the upper eyelids, white, with purplish streaks; web between fingers and toes partly dark; usually INDO-AUSTRALIAN AMPHIBIA. 17
258 a few narrow dark cross-streaks on the limbs; white beneath. Length 60 mm.
Closely allied with Rk. javanus, from which it is distinguished by the shorter hind limbs and the coloration; from Ah. poecilonotus it can be distinguished by the more extensively webbed fingers.
Habitat: Sumatra (Sungai Kring!, Sungai Kumbang, 1600 m.!, and Sinlak Deras! in Kurintji, E. Jacobson leg.). 14. Rhacophorus dulitensis Blgr.
Rhacophorus dulitensis Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892, p. 507, pl. XXX, fig. 1.
Rhacophorus chiropterus Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XLVI, 1896, p. 22, Plenaeto2) Vomerine teeth in two slightly oblique series between the choanae. Head broader than long; snout rounded, as long as the upper eyelid; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region nearly vertical, concave; nostril in the middle between eye and tip of snout or a little nearer to the latter; interorbital space much broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, ?/, to */, the width of the eye. Disks of toes smaller than those of fingers, which are smaller than the tympanum; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; fingers nearly entirely webbed, the web reaching the disk of the fourth one; toes nearly entirely webbed; subarticular tubercles and inner metatarsal tubercle feeble; no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the tip of the snout; tibia about half length of head and body.
Smooth above; a slight dermal ridge along the outer edge of fore-arm and tarsus, and a dermal flap above the vent and at the heel; belly and lower surface of thighs granulate. Yellowish (in life grass-green or greyish green) above; head and back with purplish dots; a purplish line round the snout, from eye to eye, passing through the nostrils and sometimes extending above the tympanum to the sides of the body; ridges ot fore-arm and tarsus and border of the dermal flap above the vent yellowish; web between the outer toes red; yellow beneath, belly in the living animal with green spots; chin yellowish green in life, the lower lip with a yellow border. From snout to vent 43 mm.
Habitat: Sumatra (Sungai Kring! and Sungai Kumbang, 1600. m.!, in Kurintji); Borneo (Baram; Mt. Dulit).
259 15. Rhacophorus modestus Bler.
Rhacophorus modestus Boulenger, Jrn. Fed. Malay St. Mus., VIII, 1920, p. 293. Vomerine teeth in two oblique series between the choanae. Head as long as broad; snout rounded, as long as the upper eyelid; canthus rostralis distinct, straight or slightly curved; loreal region oblique, slightly concave; nostril a little nearer to the end of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space as broad as or alittle broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, '/, or */, the width of the eye. Fingers and toes with large disks, those of outer fingers as large as the tympanum, those of first finger and of toes smaller; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; outer fingers '/,, toes ?/, webbed; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles feeble, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the eye or between eye and tip of snout; tibia about half the length of head and body. Smooth above, belly and lower surface of thighs granular. Grey or brown above, sometimes darker on the sides, usually with a white streak or a series of white spots along the flanks; a dark canthal and temporal streak; limbs with dark cross-bands; lower parts white, uniform or spotted with brown. From snout to vent 41 mm.
Male with a subgular vocal sac.
Habitat: Sumatra (Sungai Kumbang, 1400 m., Kurintji; Kurintji peak, 2200 m.!).
16. Rhacophorus edentulus F. Miill.
Rhacophorus edentulus F. Miiller, Verh. naturf. Ges, Basel, X, 1895, p. 840, 869. Rhacophorus edentulus Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1897, p. 234, pl. VAL figs), Vomerine teeth absent, or reduced to two very small, indistinct groups near the inner edges of the rather large choanae. Snout rounded, a little shorter than the orbit; canthus rostralis distinct ; loreal region slightly concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum moderately distinct, ?/,; to '/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers as large as or a little larger than the tympanum; outer fingers haif webbed; toes webbed to the disks of the third and fifth, penultimate phalanx of fourth free; subarticular tubercles feeble; a very small inner metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches the tip of the snout or beyond.
260 Smooth or finely shagreened above; a fold from the eye to the shoulder; belly and lower side of thighs granulate. Green above (bluish grey or lilac in spirit), uniform or with dark dots; a large rust-red blotch on the head and another on the body may be present; upper arm yellowish white; thigh yellowish white with a narrow green stripe; white beneath. From snout to vent 40 mm.
Male without vocal sacs.
Habitat: Celebes (Loka; Bone mts., + 500 m.; Bulawa mts., +1200 m.; Totoyia valley, +500 m.; Tomohon; Rurukan; Bua Praeng),.
s 17. Rhacophorus acutirostris Mocq.
Rhacophorus acutirostris Mocquard, Nouv. Arch. Mus. d’ Hist. nat., (3) II, 1890, Pp:uSigepl.Qcleiigsedie Rhacophorus acutirostris Mocquard, Le Naturaliste, (2) XII, 1890, p. 163. Vomerine teeth in two widely separated small groups between the choanae. Snout angular, hardly longer than the eye; canthus rostralis distinct; nostril equidistant from eye and tip of snout; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum a little more than '/, the width of the eye. Disks of toes as large as the tympanuin, of fingers larger; outer fingers .2/, webbed, the inner one nearly free; toes */, webbed; subarticular tubercles well developed; a small inner, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the eye or a little beyond.
Smooth above; a series of 6 or 7 small, rounded tubercles along the outer edge of the fore-arm; a strong fold above the tympanum; belly and lower side of thighs strongly granulate. Slate brown above; a narrow dark cross-bar between the eyes often present; sides of body and thighs with large, nearly black spots; tubercles along fore-arm white; sometimes a small white spot below the eye; lower surfaces yellowish white, mottled with brown. In young specimens the upper surfaces are rufous, with a few brown spots or cross-bars; the hind limbs also may have such cross-bars and the lower surfaces are uniform grey or yellowish white. From snout to vent 47 mm.
Habitat: Borneo (Mt. Kina Balu, 1200 m.).
261 18. Rhacophorus monticola Bler.
Rhacophorus monticola Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) XVIII, 1896, p. 395. Rhacophorus monticola Boulenger, Proc. Zool, Soc. London, 1897, p. 234, pl. XVI, fig. 3.
Rhacophorus monticola vy. Kampen, Weber’s Zool. Ergebn., Leiden, IV, 1907, p- 403 (tadpole).
Vomerine teeth in two oblique series between the choanae. Snout more or less pointed, as long as the orbit; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region slightly concave; nostril equally distant from the eye and the tip of the snout; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum moderately distinct, half the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers as large as or a little larger than the tympanum; outer fingers /, webbed; toes webbed to the disks of the third and fifth, penultimate phalanx of fourth free; subarticular tubercles feeble; a very small inner metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches the eye or the anterior border of the orbit. Finely shagreened above, granulate on the belly and under the thighs; a fold above the tympanum.
Coloration very variable. Greyish or green (bluish or purplish in spirit) above, uniform or with scattered small yellow spots, or dotted, spotted or vermiculate with darker, or with large symmetrical markings, viz. a cross-band between the eyes, an hourglass- or X-shaped blotch on the anterior part of the back, and a cross-band on the sacrum; limbs with dark crossbands; flanks white, or purple with large white spots; lower parts white. From snout to vent 48 mm.
Male without vocal sacs.
Description of tadpoles from Loka, probably belonging to this species:
Length of body nearly 1'/, times its width; tail 1'/, to 2 times the length of the body. Nostril equally distant from the tip of the snout and the eye; eyes superior, about as far from the end of the snout as from the spiraculum, the distance between them much larger than that between the nostrils, about equal to the width of the mouth, and about half the width of the body; spiraculum sinistral, lateral, directed upwards and backwards, in the middle between end of snout and vent; vent dextral, above the lower border of the crest of the tail. Tail pointed, the upper crest reaches the base of the tail. The whole lower and lateral borders of lips with papillae;
PA % series of teeth 515/!12! or 6'6/!2', the second row of upper, and the third one of lower lip very narrowly interrupted, the three series of lower lip about equal in length. Body brown above, yellowish white below; tail yellowish white; in old specimens a bright cross-bar between the eyes. Length 44 mm.
Habitat: Celebes (Loka, 1070 m.; Bonthain peak, 790 m.; Indrulaman, S.-Celebes, 600 m.).
19. Rhacophorus shelfordi Blgr.
Rhacophorus Shelfordi Boulenger, Proc. Zool, Soc. London, 1900, p. 185, pl. XVII, fig. 2.
Vomerine teeth in two long, nearly straight, transverse series in the middle between the choanae. Snout pointed, as long as the orbit; canthus rostralis strong; loreal region slightly concave; nostril equally distant from the orbit and the end of the snout; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, °/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers much smaller than the tympanum, of toes smaller than those of fingers; fingers and toes webbed to the disks; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles very small; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches between the eye and the nostril. Smooth above, belly granulate.
Purplish brown above; a dark band across the snout, another one between the eyes, and three across the back; an X-shaped dark marking in the scapular region; loreal and temporal regions blackish; a fine yellow line on each side of the head from the tip of the snout along canthus rostralis and superciliary edge to above the tympanum; sides of body yellowish, with a blackish network; limbs with dark crossbands; sides of thighs blackish, closely speckled with white; web between toes marbled with blackish; lower parts colourless. From snout to vent 45 mm.
Male with internal vocal sacs.
Habitat: Borneo (Mt. Penrissen, Serawak).
20. Rhacophorus fasciatus Bler.
Rhacophorus fasciatus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (6) XVI, 1895, p. 169. Vomerine teeth in two long oblique series between the choanae, beginning from their inner front edges. Snout pointed,