247 KRhacophorus leucomystax Flower, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1899, p. 898, pl. LIX, figs. 3, 3@ (with tadpole).
Khacophorus leucomystax v. Kampen, Weber’s Zool. Ergebn., Leiden, 1V, 1907, P- 399 (with tadpole).
KRhacophorus leucomystax Boulenger, Vert. Fauna Malay Penins., Rept. and Batr., London, 1912, p. 248.
Rhacophorus maculatus leucomystax Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus., VIII, 1912, p. 14. Vomerine teeth in two more or less oblique series between the choanae, beginning close to the inner front edge of the latter. Head as long as broad; snout obtusely pointed, projecting, about as long as the upper eyelid; canthus rostralis angular, straight; loreal region nearly vertical, concave; nostril much nearer to end of snout than to eye; interorbital space in adult specimens 1'/, to 2 times the width of the upper eyelid, narrower in the young; tympanum very distinct, ?/, to °/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers rather large, smaller than the tympanum; disks of toes smaller than those of fingers ; first finger shorter than second, which is much shorter than fourth; fingers with a slight rudiment of web, toes ?/, webbed, the web reaching the disks of 34 and sth toe or nearly so far; last two phalanges of 4th toe only included by a narrow fringe; subarticular tubercles well developed; a small inner metatarsal tubercle; a rudimentary outer metatarsal tubercle rarely present '); the heel reaches at least the eye, sometimes beyond the tip of the snout; tibia '/, to °/, the length of head and body.
Skin co-ossified with the frontoparietalia, and, in older specimens, usually with the nasalia and paraquadrata (squamosa) too (in very young specimens, up to about 35 mm. in length, the skin is free from the skull); finely granulate above; a fold above the tympanum; belly and lower surface of thighs coarsely granulate.
Coloration very variable, even in the same individual. Upper parts grey, yellow, bronze, brown, reddish, or greenish, usually spotted or mottled with brown or black; sometimes a black streak from the temporal region backwards and a few dark spots on the sides; edges of jaws white; limbs with dark cross-bars; hinder side of thighs uniform or light-spotted; lower parts white or buff, throat and breast sometimes with dark vermiculation. From snout to vent 81 mm.
Male with internal vocal sacs.
1) In specimens from Saleyer and Timor.
248 Tadpole. — Length of the body 1'/, to 2 times its width; tail 1'/, to 2 times the length of the body, or more, 2'/, to rather more than 3 times as long as deep; the depth of the muscular portion at its base rather more than half the largest total depth. Nostril nearer to the end of the snout than to the eye; eyes lateral, nearer to the spiraculum than to the tip of the snout, the distance between them more than twice that between the nostrils, and much larger than the width of the mouth; spiraculum sinistral, visible from above and from below, directed upwards and backwards, nearer to the vent than to the tip of the snout; vent dextral. Tail acutely pointed, the upper crest of about the same depth as the lower one or shallower, not extending on the back.
Lips with papillae along the sides and the lower border, except along a small notch in the centre of the lower lip; jaws edged with black; series of teeth 3!3/3 or 41'4/3, the inner one of lower lip sometimes narrowly interrupted. Brown or dirty buff above, irregularly mottled with darker; beneath white or buff; sides and tail buff, mottled with brown; crests colourless. Length 46 mm.
From the sea-level to high up in the mountains. The eggs are 1'/, mm. in diam., unpigmented (Siedlecki). The spawn is deposited on the edge of small pools or on leaves or other objects above them; the tadpoles fall into the water, where the further development takes place. Habitat: Simalur isl.!; Babi isl.!; Ulau Lekon!; Nias!; Sumatra (Atjeh; Langkat!; Medan!; agen Karo highland, 1400 m.!; Laut tador; Toba lake ; Avadietlas Kalung!; Fort de Kock; Badsneeaiad': Sidjusmnenes IMaavalabld; Sheen Agung, 715 m., Kurintji valley; Indragiri); Natuna islands (Bunguran); Borneo (Tuaran riv., N.-Borneo; Mt. Kina Balu; Singkawang; Pagat, distr. Batangalai; Barabai); Java (Serang; Lebak; Batavia!; Buitenzorg!; Mt. Salak; Gadok; Tjibodas!; Daven Shikabane Tjiandjur; Djampang Tengah!; Gunung Sesuru!; Tjitalahab!; Babakan!; Tjandi, 60 m.!; Ambarawa; Wonosobo!; Djokjakarta, 113 ome Tengger oes 1200 ane Lombok, 1185 m.; Sumba; Timor; Saleyer!; acre Celebes (Makasser; Bantimurung!; Loka, 1100 m.; Tjamba; Boni; Kandari; Tinondo; Kantewu!; between Lake Towuti and Lake Matana; Lake Pacot Mongondon!; Bolaang!; Toli Toli; Koro valley, 500—700 m.; Bwool; Tuwa; Tomchon; Bandane
249 Menado; Kema). — E.-Himalayas and S.-China to Malay Peninsula (up to 1500 m.); Singapore; Philippines; Pelawan. 3@. Rhacophorus leucomystax var. sexvirgata (Reinw.). Hyla sexvirgata (Reinw.), Gravenhorst, Deliciae Mus. Zool. Vratislav., Fasc. I, Lipsiae, 1829, p. 28.
Hyla quadrilineata (Boie), Wiegmann, N. Acta Acad, Leop.-Carol., XVII, I, ESS537: 200, ple MX, fig. 1.
Fig. 27. Rhacophorus leucomystax (Kuhl) var. sexvirgata (Reinw.), X 1. Polypedates quadrilineatus Steindachner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XIV, 1864, p- 253, pl. X, figs. 2—2c.
Rhacophorus maculatus, var. guadrilineata Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 84.
Rhacophorus leucomystax (part.) Boulenger, Vert. Fauna Malay Penins., Rept. and Batr., London, 1912, p. 248.
250 Distinguished from the type by the presence of four more or less distinct dark longitudinal bands on the upper surface of head and body, which, however, may appear conspicuously and disappear in the same individual; the black lateral streaks always present.
Perhaps a distinct species.
Habitat: Sumatra (Takengan, Gajo countries!; Upper and Lower Langkat; Medan!; Brastagi, Karo highland, 1400 m.!; Bandarbaru, Batak mts., + goo m.!; Lauttador; Toba lake; Matur!; Matua!; Padangtarab!; Fort de Kock!; Lembok; Bunga Mas; Hari leko riv.!); Banka; Borneo (Mt. Kina Balu; Serawak; Barabai); Java (Krawang!; Batavia!; Buitenzorg!; Gadok; Perbawati, Mt. Gedeh!; Sukabumi!; Wonosobo!; Nongkodjadjar, 1200 m.!); Madura; Timor!; Celebes; Ternate? '). — From India to the Malay Peninsula; Singapore; Formosa; Philippines; Pelawan.
4. Rhacophorus colletti Blgr.
Rhacophorus Colletti Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840, p. 36. > Rhacophorus cruciger Mocquard (nec Blyth), Nouv. Arch, Mus. d’ Hist. nat., (3) Il, 1890, p. 150.
Rhacophorus colletti Werner, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., XIII, 1900, p. 494, pl. XXXII, fig.4.
Vomerine teeth in two oblique series between the very large choanae and beginning at their inner front edges. Head as long as broad; snout triangular, a little longer than the diameter of the orbit; canthus rostralis angular; loreal region oblique, slightly concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, */, or °/, the width of the eye. Disks of fingers about half the size of the tympanum, of toes smaller; fingers with a slight rudiment of web, toes nearly entirely webbed; subarticular tubercles moderate; a very small inner metatarsal tubercle; the knee reaches the fore limb, the heel far beyond the tip of the snout; tibia ?/, length of head and body.
Skin of head free; upper parts smooth, belly and lower surface of thighs granular; a fold above the tympanum. 1) Locality mentioned by Meyer (Abh. Zool. Mus, Dresden, 1887, p. 15), but probablyincorrect.
Dest Grey or greyish brown above, loreal region and sides of body lighter; back usually with an hourglass-shaped dark figure; lips with a fine blackish edge; sides dark marbled; limbs with dark cross-bands; anal region blackish, with a white edge above; lower parts whitish, the throat sometimes with brown vermiculations. From snout to vent 75 mm.
Habitat: Sumatra (Langkat); Natuna islands (Bunguran); Borneo (Baram).
5. Rhacophorus macrotis Blgr.
Rhacophorus macrotis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) VII, 1891, p. 282. Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups on a level with the front borders of the very large choanae. Head nearly as long as broad; snout triangular, a little longer than the orbit; canthus rostralis angular; loreal region concave; nostril near to the tip of the snout; interorbital space not broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, as large as the eye. Disks of fingers about half the diameter of the eye, of toes smaller; fingers with a distinct rudiment of web, toes nearly entirely webbed; subarticular tubercles moderate; a very small inner metatatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the tip of the snout; tibia half the length of head and body.
Skin of head co-ossified with the rugose frontoparietals, of back smooth or finely granulate; belly and lower side of thighs granular.
Grey-brown above, with a few small dark brown spots or two indistinct black longitudinal bands; loreal region greyish white; a dark brown band from the end of the snout through the nostril, the eye and the tympanum to the side of the body, expanding on the tympanum to a large temporal blotch; limbs with ill-defined dark cross bands; hinder side of thighs brown, dotted with white; lower parts whitish, speckled with brown... From snout to vent 78 mm.
Habitat: Sumatra (Siolak Daras, 900 m., Kurintji valley) ; Natuna islands (Bunguran); Borneo (Baram; Baram riv.). — Pelawan; Balabak.
6. Rhacophorus everetti Blgr.
Rhacophorus Everetti Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) XIV, 1894, p. 87. Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups between the choanae,
252 which are moderately large. Head slightly broader than long; snout rounded, shorter than the orbit; canthus rostralis obtuse, curved; loreal region very oblique, concave; nostril near to the end of the snout; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, ?/, the width of the eye; disks of fingers nearly as large as the tympanum; fingers with a slight rudiment of web, toes 3/, webbed; a very small inner metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches a little beyond the tip of the snout.
Skin not adherent to the skull. Finely granulate above, coarsely beneath; small conical tubercles below the vent, at the heel, and along the outer edge of fore-arm and tarsus, Pale yellowish or reddish brown above, with dark brown markings, among which a cross-band between the eyes; limbs with dark cross-bands; lower parts uniform white. From snout to vent 32 mm.
Habitat: Pelawan.
7. Rhacophorus macroscelis Blgr.
Rhacophorus macroscelis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) XVII, 1896, p. 403. Vomerine teeth in two small oblique groups close to the inner borders of the choanae. Head large, as long as broad; snout rounded, shorter than the orbit; canthus rostralis strong ; loreal region deeply concave; nostril near to the end of the snout; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, half the diameter of the eye. Fingers webbed at the base; toes webbed to the disks of the third and fifth, penultimate phalanx of fourth free; a very small inner metatarsal tubercle; the knee reaches the shoulder, the heel far beyond the tip of the snout.
Above with small scattered warts; heel with a conical tubercle; throat and belly granulate. ; Olive above, marbled with darker; a yellow cross-line between the eyes and a large W-shaped yellow marking on the occiput; upper lip white, with vertical blackish blotches; flanks white, with large black spots; limbs with dark cross-bars; dirty white beneath, belly and hind limbs dotted with brown. From snout to vent 31 mm.
Habitat: Borneo (Mt. Kina Balu).
253 8. Rhacophorus hosii Blegr.
Rhacophorus Hosii Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) XVI, 1895, p. 169. Vomerine teeth in two oblique series between the rather large choanae, beginning from their inner front edges. Snout truncate, as long as the orbit; canthus rostralis angular; loreal region concave; nostril close to the tip of the snout; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, half the diameter of the eye. Disks smaller than tympanum; fingers with a slight rudiment of web; toes nearly entirely webbed, the penultimate phalanx of fourth toe free; subarticular tubercles moderate; a small inner metatarsal tubercle; the knee reaches the shoulder, the heel far beyond the tip of the snout.
Finely granulate above, coarsely granulate on the belly. Dark grey-brown above; lips with darker vertical bars; one or two small black spots above the axil; limbs with dark cross-bands; anal region black; posterior surface of thighs dark-brown; whitish beneath, throat marbled with brown, belly dotted with brown. From snout to vent 48 mm.
Habitat: Borneo (Pata riv., Serawak).
g. Rhacophorus georgii Roux.
Rhacophorus Georgii Roux, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, XV, 1904, p. 430, pl. VIII. Vomerine teeth in two oblique series beginning from the inner front edges of the choanae. Head as long as broad; snout rounded; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region feebly concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space twice the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, oval, its diameter equal to the distance between the nostril and the tip of the snout. Disks of fingers large, of third finger almost as broad as the smaller diameter of the tympanum; first finger shorter than second; fingers ?/, webbed; toes, with exception of the fourth, webbed to the disks; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles feebly prominent; no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches beyond tip of snout.
Occiput with four stiff spine-like processes: a laterally compressed one above each tympanum, and two between the tympana; skin of upper surfaces with small warts or tubercles; a narrow fold along the outer edge of the fourth finger, and
254 another one along the outer edge of the fifth toe, extending a little along fore-arm and tarsus; heel with a small, bilobate dermal flap; belly, throat and posterior surface of thighs granulate; some large tubercles near the vent. Colour in life: back light green (greyish blue in spirit), speckled with lighter; sides of body and limbs marbled with dark green and yellow (in spirit violet and white); throat and belly with red vermiculation. Length 70 mm.
Habitat: Celebes (Tuwa, Palu valley).
10. Rhacophorus javanus Bttgr.
> Rhacophorus moschata (nomen nudum), Kuhl en v. Hasselt, Alg. Konst- en Letter-bode, 1822, p. 104.
?Hyla margaritifera Schlegel, Abbild. neuer oder unvollst. bek. Amph., Diisseldorf, 1837—44, p. 107.
Rhacophorus javanus Boettger, Zool. Anz., XVI, 1893, p. 338. Rhacophorus javanus v. Kampen, Weber’s Zool. Ergebn., Leiden, IV, 1907, p. 402. Polypedates javanus Barbour, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél, Harvard Coll., XLIV, 1, 1912, p. 68, pl. VIII, fig. 31.
Rhacophorus javanus vy. Kampen, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indié, LXIX,~ jog, p. 42, pl. Il, figs. 7, 8 (tadpole). ‘w Vomerine teeth in two oblique series beginning from the inner front edges of the choanae. Head broader than long; snout feebly projecting, as long as the upper eyelid, longer than deep; canthus rostralis rather distinct; loreal region oblique, concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum ?/, to '/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of three outer fingers about half the diameter of the eye, of inner finger and of toes smaller; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; the three outer fingers '/, to ?/, webbed, the first one only at the base; fifth toe a little longer than third; the web between the toes reaches all the disks, except that of fourth toe, the penultimate phalanx of which is only included by a narrow fringe; subarticular tubercles small, single; a small inner, no outer metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches a little beyond the tip of the snout; tibia a little more than half the length of head and body. Smooth above; a transverse ridge above the vent, a triangular dermal flap at the heel and ridges along the outer edges of fore-arm, outer finger, tarsus and fifth toe; a fold above