1ii behind. Palate toothless. One or two transverse dermal ridges across the palate, in front of the pharynx. Tympanum indistinct or hidden. Fingers free, toes free or feebly webbed, with disks. Outer metatarsals united. Procoracoids and clavicles present, the latter not reaching the scapulae; no omosternum '). Terminal phalanges T-shaped. Distribution: from Celebes to New .Guinea. Synopsis of the Species.
A, Toes free.
I. Metatarsal tubercle absent.
1. Tympanum 2/, or 3/, the width of the eye. 1. O. variabilis p. 112. 2. Tympanum about !/, the width of the G¥esLOLsNVACEMtoRSEeetie)aPoyedits)«2.O.celebensisp,112. II. Metatarsal tubercle present.
1. The heel does not reach the eye. Tympanne HIAde|R 25 Fite tel ss elas 3. O. monticola p. 113. 2. The heel reaches the eye or beyond. Tympanum about !/, the width of the eye, or hidden, a. First finger with a disk. .... wets 4anQy werrucosayp.. 113. d. Tip of first finger not dilated..... 5. O. ateles jy 115. B. Toes webbed.
I. The procoracoid reaches the scapula. 1. Interorbital space much broader than the SEEMS! oo GB Gio A Vo 6 Bw Sole .. 6. O. senchenbergiana p. 115. 2. Interorbital space as broad as the upper WENGE, aitaatiob Go one a PO ae 7. O. crucifera p. 116. II. Procoracoid connected with the scapula by aligamentonly.
1. Tympanum about '/, the width of the eye. 8. O. anthonyi p. 117. 2. Tympanum about !/, the width of the eye. a. Fifth toe extending beyond third. a. The heel reaches the shoulder or the tympanum. ....... So 6 tt. Oy OS Ure san AiG f. The heel reaches the eye. .... 10. O. divoi p. 118. 4. Fifth toe as long as third.
a. Two dermal palatine ridges. ... 11. O. albopunctata p. 119. @.-One dermal palatine ridge .... 12. O. mertoni p. 120. 1) The pectoral arch of O. ateles, variabilis and monticola has not been described; as to vwariadilis and monticola Dr. Boulenger informs me, that a cartilaginous procoracoid is present, but that he cannot find a clavicle. The position of these species in the genus therefore is only provisional.
112 1. Oreophryne variabilis (Blgr.).
Sphenophryne variabilis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) XVIII, 1896, p. 64: Sphenophryne variabilis Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1897, p. 235, pl. XVI, fig.5.
Tongue large, oval, entire. Snout rounded, short; canthus rostralis feebly marked; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum feebly distinct, */, or °/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers with very large, toes with much smaller disks; first finger shorter than second; toes free; no subarticular or metatarsal tubercles; the heel reaches the shoulder or the tympanum.
Skin smooth above; belly granulate.
Coloration very variable; grey, brown, purple, pink, or crimson above, uniform or with darker marblings, or with a lighter yellow or pink lateral streak; a light vertebral line sometimes present; sides of head usually dark brown; a dark light-edged ocellus may be present in the lumbar region; beneath uniform whitish, or greyish with yellow spots, or dark brown with yellow spots. From snout to vent 28 mm.
Habitat: Celebes (Peak of Bonthain, 1500—2000 m.). 2. Oreophryne celebensis (I. Miill.).
?>Phrynomantis fusca Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1867, p. 35. ?Phrynomantis fusca Peters e Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, XIII, 1878, p. 429. >Phrynomantis fusca Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 173. Sphenophryne celebensis F. Miiller, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, X, 1895, p. 841, with fig. Sphenophryne celebensis Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1897, p. 235, pl. XVI, fig. 4.
Oreophryne celebensis v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 256, pl. X, fig. 1 (shoulder-girdle).
Tongue large, oval, entire. Snout rounded, short; canthus rostralis feebly marked; loreal region nearly vertical; interorbital space as broad as or a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum hidden or scarcely distinct, about '/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers with very large, toes with much smaller disks; first finger shorter than second; toes free; third toe longer than fifth; no subarticular or metatarsal tubercles; the heel reaches the eye or a little beyond.
Smooth, or with scattered small warts above; a small tubercle sometimes present on the upper eyelid; belly granulate or smooth.
iis Colouration very variable; yellowish, reddish, pink, or brown above, uniform or with darker spots or marblings; a triangular dark marking between the eyes, or an X-shaped or hourglassshaped marking from between the eyes to the interscapular _region; upper surface of snout sometimes pink; a dark streak on the canthus rostralis; sometimes a light vertebral line; greyish or brownish beneath, uniform or mottled with dark brown. From snout to vent 30 mm.
Male without vocal sac.
The procoracoid reaches the scapula.
Habitat: Celebes (Indrulaman; Bowonglangi peak, 2000 m.; Bua Praeng; Luwu, 100—500 m.; Takalekadjo mts.; Takala mts., 1200—1600 m.; Topapu, 1400 m.; Mt. Momi; Matinan mts., 260 m.; Bone mts., 1200 m.; Bulawa mts., + 1200 m.; Totoyia valley, 800m.; Mt. Emponglar; Mt. Masarang ; summit of Gunung Sudara); Ambon?; Batanta?
3. Oreophryne monticola (Blgr.).
Sphenophryne monticola Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) XIX, 1897, p. 508. Tongue large, oval, entire. Snout rounded, short; canthus rostralis feebly marked; interorbital space as broad as or broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum hidden. Fingers with welldeveloped disks; disks of toes hardly smaller than those of fingers; first finger shorter than second; toes free; no subarticular tubercles; a very indistinct inner metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the shoulder or the temple. Smooth or with small warts above; belly indistinctly granulate. Colouration very variable; grey, brown, or magenta-red above, uniform or with darker spots or marblings, with or without a yellowish-white stripe from the upper eyelid to the groin; sometimes a fine whitish line along the middle of the back and along the hind limb; lower parts whitish or pinkish, inner side of hind limbs usually bright pink; throat speckled with brown or entirely dark brown. From snout to vent 26 mm. Habitat: Lombok, 1200 m.
4. Oreophryne verrucosa (Blgr.).
Sphenophryne verrucosa Boulenger, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) XVIII, 1898, p. 707, pl Vil, fig. 2.
Oreophryne verrucosa v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 3, 1913, p. 463. ?Sphenophryne wolfi Sternfeld, Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges, XXXVI, 1918, Pp. 435, Pl. XXXI, fig. 9.
INDO-AUSTRALIAN AMPHIBIA. an cS)
i114 Tongue entire or slightly nicked behind; a denticulated dermal ridge across the palate and usually another, smooth one, divided into three parts, in front of it. Head a little broader than long; snout obtusely pointed, feebly projecting, as long as the eye, longer than deep; canthus rostralis rather strong; loreal region vertical or nearly so, concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum hidden or more or less distinct, about half the diameter of the eye. Disk of first finger small, of the other ones large, broader than long, about twice the width of the digit and as large as the tympanum ; disks of toes smaller than those of fingers; first finger shorter than second, which is as long as fourth; third toe longer than fifth; toes free; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles flat, indistinct; the heel reaches the eye or to between the eye and the tip of the snout.
Skin of upper parts smooth, or uneven, with flat warts and wavy ridges; a more or less distinct conical tubercle near the edge of the upper eyelid often present; lower parts smooth, or belly slightly granulate.
Colour very variable; greyish to blackish above, usually with blackish spots or marblings; sometimes a light transverse bar between the eyes or a light vertebral line; groin and sides of thighs often black, spotted with white; an ill-defined ocellus often present on each side of the lumbar region; lower surface more or less spotted with brown, especially on throat and breast. From snout to vent 33 mm.
Male without vocai sac.
The procoracoid reaches the scapula.
This species has been found by Mr. W. C. van Heurn in the cavities of Hydnophytum (near Idenburg riv., 2400—2900 m.), which in this locality were not inhabited by ants. Each plant usually contained two frogs and a clump of about 10 to 20 large eggs (about 5 mm. in diameter), which stuck by a string of mucilage to the ceiling of one of the largest cavities. The development is direct.
Habitat: New Guinea (near Idenburg riv., 1400 and 2400—2900 m.!; Moroka, Bartholomew range, 700 m.; Mt. Victoria; Hellwig mts., +2500 m.!).
—
115 5. Oreophryne ateles (Blgr.).
Sphenophryne ateles Boulenger, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) XVIII, 1898, p. 708, pl. VIII, fig. 4.
Tongue entire. Head broader than long; snout rounded, feebly projecting, a little shorter than the eye; canthus rostralis strong; loreal region slightly oblique, concave; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, half the width of the eye. Tip of first finger not dilated, three outer ones with very large disks, which are broader than long, twice the width of the digit, and half the diameter of the eye; toes with large disks, which are smaller than those of the fingers; first finger very short, not half as long as second; toes free; subarticular and metatarsal tubercles flat, indistinct; the heel reaches the eye.
Upper parts with small warts and longitudinal ridges; lower parts smooth.
Grey or brown above; sides and upper surface of snout usually yellowish; a curved blackish dorso-lateral stripe and a light vertebral line or broad stripe sometimes present ; brown or blackish beneath. From snout to vent 15 mm. I suggest that this species is based on the young of V. verrucosa. Habitat: New Guinea (Moroka, Bartholomew range, 700 m.). 6. Oreophryne senckenbergiana Bttg.
> Microhyla achatina var. moluccensis Peters e Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, XIII, 1878, p. 428.
>Callula frontifasciata Horst, Notes Leyden Mus., V, 1883, p. 243 !). Oreophryne senchenbergiana Boettger, Zool. Anz., XVIII, 1895, p. 136. Oreophryne senckenbergiana Abh. Senckenb, naturf. Ges., XXV, 1901, p. 371, pl. XVI, figs. 11—I11¢.
Oreophryne Senckenbergiana v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 254, 255. Tongue large, oval, entire; a denticulated dermal ridge across the palate, between the tubae, and another one in front of it. Snout obtusely pointed, a little shorter than the eye; interorbital space much broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum hidden or indistinct, about '/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers and toes nearly equal in size, large, triangular and truncated; first finger shorter than second; toes slightly, 1) The type specimens have been lost (after communication of Dr, van Lidth deJeude),
i16 to almost '/, webbed; subarticular tubercles indistinct; an inner very feeble, flat metatarsal tubercle, no outer one; the heel reaches the tympanum or the posterior border of the eye. Upper surfaces smooth; belly and lower surface of thighs coarsely granulate.
White, marbled with grey; a white cross-bar between the eyes; a black temporal streak, bordered above and below with white; sides of body black and white spotted; a large black spot, broadly bordered with white, in the loin; brownishyellow, spotted and marbled with white, below; sometimes entirely brownish-yellow, without markings. Length 26 mm. Male with a subgular inner vocal sac.
The procoracoid reaches the scapula.
Habitat: Morotai?; Halmahera; Ternate?; Batjan ?; Salawati? 7. Oreophryne crucifera (v. Kamp.).
Cophixalus crucifer v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 3, 1913, p. 462, pl. XI, fig. 6. Oreophryne crucifera v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, XIII, pt. 1, 1915, p. 41. Tongue oblong, very feebly nicked behind, free in its poste- 1ior half; a denticulated dermal ridge across the palate and in front of it sometimes a feebly developed smooth one. Head broader than long; snout vertically truncate, shorter than the upper eyelid; canthus rostralis sharp, curved; loreal region very oblique, a little concave; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum hidden or distinct, about '/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers and toes with large disks, those of the three outer fingers somewhat more than half the diameter of the eye, of first finger smaller, of toes a little smaller than those of fingers; first finger shorter than second, which is longer than fourth; third and fifth toe about equal in length; toes webbed at the base; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles feeble, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the eye, the tarsometatarsal articulation beyond the tip of the snout; tibia half the length of head and body. Lower surfaces of head and body entirely granulate, of thighs smooth.
Reddish brown above; an hourglass-shaped figure on the back and a roundish spot in the lumbar region yellowish; a yellow cross-bar between the eyes; upper arm and thigh for the greater part, and belly entirely colourless, or the belly finely powdered with brown. Length 24 mm.
117 The procoracoid reaches the scapula.
Type specimen examined in the Amsterdam Museum. Habitat: New Guinea (Went mts., 800—1050 m.!; Setekwa riv.).
8. Oreophryne anthonyi (Bler.).
Sphenophryne anthonyi Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) XIX, 1897, p. 10, pl. Il, fig. 1.
Oreophryne anthonyt v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, XIII, pt. 1, 1915, p. 40. Tongue large, oval, entire; a denticulated dermal ridge across the palate and another, smooth one, divided into three parts, in front of it. Head nearly as long as broad; snout rounded, vertically truncate, nearly as long as the eye, as deep as long; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region nearly vertical, concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space as broad as or a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, about half the diameter of the eye. Fingers with very large, subtriangular disks, which are broader than long; disks of toes much smaller; first finger shorter than second, which is as long as fourth; third and fifth toe about equal in length; toes with a rudiment of web; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles absent or feebly developed; the heel reaches the shoulder or the tympanum. Upper parts smooth; throat and belly areolate. Colouration very variable; grey, brown, or reddish above, speckled or spotted with black, or with large light blotches ; a fine light vertebral line sometimes present; thighs and lower parts brown, uniform or spotted with yellow, or yellowish, marbled and reticulated with dark brown; male with a light line along the chin and throat. From snout to vent 45 mm. Male without vocal sacs.
Procoracoid connected with the scapula by a ligament only. Habitat: New Guinea (Mt. Victoria, Owen Stanley range; Horentz, riv.,. 40 m.:!):
g. Oreophryne loriae (Blgr.).
Sphenophryne loriae Boulenger, Ann. Mus, Genova, (2) XVIII, 1898, p. 707, pl. VIII, fig. 3.
Sphenophryne loriae v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 1, 1909, p. 41. Sphenophryne biroi vy. Kampen, Nova Guinea, XIII, pt. 1, 1915, p. 40 (nec Sph. birot v. Méh.).
118 Tongue oblong or oval, entire or very slightly nicked behind; a denticulated dermal ridge across the palate, and another smooth one, very little developed, in front of it. Head broader than long; snout rounded, feebly projecting, shorter than the eye and as long as deep; canthus rostralis obtuse ; loreal region nearly vertical, concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space as broad as or broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum moderately distinct or indistinct, about '/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers with very large subtriangular disks, which are broader than long, that of third finger about half the diameter of the eye, that of first one smaller, but well-developed; disks of toes large, scarcely smaller than those of fingers; first finger shorter than second, which is about as long as fourth; fifth toe hardly longer than third; toes webbed at the base; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles flat, indistinct; no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the shoulder or the tympanum.
Skin smooth.
Colouration very variable; grey, brown, or reddish above, uniform or with dark spots or marblings, with or without a yellow vertebral line; often a dark brown triangular blotch on the back of the head, the base between the eyes; sometimes a semilunar light spot in the lumbar region; lower parts whitish, uniform or powdered with brown. From snout to vent 28 mm.
Procoracoid connected with the scapula by a ligament only. Habitat: New Guinea (Moroka, Bartholomew range, 700 m.; Lorentz riv.!).
10. Oreophryne biroi (v. Méh.).
Sphenophryne biroi v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XX, 1897, p. 411, pl. X, figs. 3—6. Sphenophryne birot v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 252, pl. X, fig. 2 (shoulder-girdle); pl. XI, fig. 6 (skull). ?Mehelyia lineata Wandolleck, Abh. Zool. Mus. Dresden, XIII, 1911, N®% 6, p- 7, figs. 18—26.
>? Mehelyia affinis Wandolleck, ibid., p. 8, figs. 27—35. Sphenophryne biroi v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 3, 1913, p. 462. Tongue oblong, entire, about half free behind; a denticulated dermal ridge across the palate, in front of the pharynx, and three dermal tubercles, sometimes nearly united into a continuous ridge, in front of it. Head nearly as long as broad;