127 2.Thetarso-metatarsalarticulationreachesbeyond thestip)ofaegSMOUtmptstrayeileteuetn=.(athe!)=3.X,.macropsp.128. &. Two tooth-like processes behind each choane. I. Tympanum as large as the eye.
1.Thetarso-metatarsalarticulationreachesbeyond NOEs a 6c 6 06 A Blo oO OOD oO Geo OM 4. X. bidens p. 129. 2. The tarso-metatarsal articulation does not reach beyond ytheneye ines cueye eee? =) ss es 5. AX. giganteus p. 130. Il. Tympanum half the diameter of the eye...... 6. X. ophiodon p. 131. 1. Xenobatrachus rostratus (v. Méh.).
Choanacantha rostrata v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXI, 1898, p. 175, pl. XII. Choanacantha mehelyi Boulenger, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) XVIII, 1898, p. 709, pl. VIM, fig. 5.
NXenorhina rostrata v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 233, pl. IX, fig. 10 (situs viscerum); pl. XI, figs. 1—2 (skull). Xenorhina rostrata v, Kampen, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., XXXVII, 1914, p. 373. Habit stout. Tongue perfectly attached behind; one toothlike process behind each choane. Head broader than long; the side of the head, from tip of snout to shoulder, forms a strongly curved line; snout pointed, strongly projecting, nearly twice the diameter of the eye (in the adult); canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region very oblique, feebly concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space thrice the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum more or less distinct, its diameter equal to the length of the upper eyelid. Tips of fingers not or feebly dilated, toes with very small disks; fingers short, first a little shorter than second, which is about as long as fourth; length of the fourth toe contained 3'/,-4 times in the distance between the vent and the posterior border of the eye; third toe much longer than fifth; subarticular tubercles and the small inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct; no outer metatarsal tubercle; hind limb of various length: the, heel does not reach the axil, or reaches farther, to the tip of the snout.
Skin smooth, with a few scattered small tubercles on the upper surface; the snout may be covered with small warts. Brown or slate-coloured above, sometimes with some dark spots, each with a light centre, arranged in two or four longitudinal series; a dark spot behind the tympanum; a fine white or red line along the middle of the back and usually along the hind limbs; posterior surface of thighs with a dark blackish
128 band; yellowish white (in life fiery red) beneath, dotted or marbled with grey or brown. Length 46 mm.
Habitat: New Guinea (near Idenburg riv., + 800—1000 m.!; Sermowai riv., +70 m.!; Humboldt bay!; mouth of Tami riv.; Erima; Sattelberg; Vikaiku).
2. Xenobatrachus ocellatus (v. Kamp.).
Xenorhina ocellata vy. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 3, 1913, p. 461, pl. XI, figs.4—5.
‘Habit more or less stout. Tongue a little free behind; one tooth-like process behind each choane. Head broader than long; snout pointed, projecting, as long as the upper eyelid, about as long as deep; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region oblique, concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space one and a half to twice the width. of the upper eyelid; tympanum rather distinct, as large as the eye or hardly smaller. Tips of fingers blunt, of toes hardly swollen; fingers short, first shorter than second, which is as long as fourth; length of the fourth toe contained 3—3'/, times in the distance between vent and posterior border of the eye; third toe longer than fifth; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles very feeble; the heel reaches the shoulder, the tarso-metatarsal articulation the eye.
Skin smooth, the tip of the snout covered with small warts; a strong fold above the tympanum.
Brownish (in spirit) above; a white spot, bordered with bluish black, around the vent; a large, light spot, bordered with dark, in the loin; a similar spot, sometimes divided into smaller spots, on the posterior surface of the thighs; uniform brownish beneath. Length 42 mm.
Habitat: New Guinea (Hellwig mts., +2500 m.!). 3. Xenobatrachus macrops (v. Kamp.).
Xenorhina rostrata v, Kampen, Nova Guinea, 1X, pt. 1, 1909, p. 39, pl. II, fig. 6. Xenorhina macrops vy. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 3, 1913, p- 460. Habit stout. Tongue nearly perfectly attached behind; one tooth-like process behind each choane. Head broader than long; snout pointed, projecting, as long as the upper eyelid; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region oblique, concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space twice
129 the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum nearly invisible, not distinctly defined. Fingers slender, with swollen tips; toes with small disks; first finger shorter than second, which is a little shorter than fourth; length of the fourth toe contained about 3 times in the distance between the posterior border of the eye and the vent; third toe extending beyond fifth; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles feeble, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the eye, the tarso-metatarsal articulation far beyond the tip of the snout. Skin smooth, with small warts on the tip of the snout; a strong fold above the tympanum and sometimes a fold between the posterior borders of the upper eyelids.
Brownish violet (in spirit); lips and lower surface, except the throat, marbled with lighter; vent bordered with black. Length 53 mm.
Habitat: New Guinea (near Idenburg riv., 2400 m.!; summit of the Hellwig mts., +2500 m.!).
4. Xenobatrachus bidens (v. Kamp.).
Xenorhina bidens vy. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 1, 1909, p. 39. Xenorhina bidens v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 3, 1913, p. 460. Habit stout. Tongue perfectly attached behind; two toothlike processes behind each choane. Head broader than long; snout pointed, projecting, longer than the upper eyelid; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region oblique; nostril close to the tip of the snout; interorbital space twice the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum feebly distinct, as large as the eye. Fingers with slightly swollen tips, toes with small disks; first finger shorter than second, which is a little shorter than fourth ; length of the fourth toe contained about 3 times in the distance between the posterior border of the eye and the vent; third toe longer than fifth; subarticular tubercles indistinct; inner metatarsal tubercle none or feeble, no outer one; the heel reaches the shoulder or the eye, the tarso-metatarsal articulation to between eye and tip of snout or beyond. Skin smooth; tip of the snout sometimes with small warts. Light brown above, uniform or with a few small black dots; a dark band along the canthus rostralis and some dark spots on the lips and the limbs sometimes present; white beneath, finely marbled with brown. Length 29 mm.
The food consists of ants.
Habitat: New Guinea (Digul riv.!; Lorentz riv.!). INDO-AUSTRALIAN AMPHIBIA. 9
130 §. Xenobatrachus giganteus (v. Kamp.).
Xenorhina gigantea v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, XII, pt. 1, 1915, p. 40. Habit stout. Tongue perfectly attached behind; in front of the denticulated dermal ridge of the palate a transverse tubercle; two tooth-like processes behind each choane. Head much Fig. 16, Xenobatrachus giganteus (v. Kamp.), type specimen, X I. broader than long, its width twice the distance between the tip of the snout and the angle of the mouth; snout truncate, not projecting, as long as the upper eyelid; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region oblique, concave; nostril close to the
i3i tip of the snout; interorbital space twice to twice and a half the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum moderately distinct, as large as the eye. Fingers and toes with slightly swollen tips; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; length of the fourth toe contained about 3'/, times in the distance between the posterior border of the eye and the vent; third toe longer than fifth; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles feeble, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches at most the shoulder, the tarso-metatarsal articulation the axil or to between tympanum and eye. Skin very finely granular; tip of snout with small warts. Brownish violet (in spirit); yellowish beneath, marbled with dark brown. Length 86 mm.
Type specimen examined.
Habitat: New Guinea (Snow mts., 1700 m.!).
6. Xenobatrachus ophiodon Ptrs. & Dor.
Xenobatrachus ophiodon Peters e Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, XIII, 1878, p. 432, pl. VII, fig. 5.
NXenobatrachus ophiodon Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 172. Tongue nicked, free behind and on the sides; two large, curved teeth behind each choane. Head small; snout prominent, a little longer than the eye; canthus rostralis not distinctly developed; nostril lateral, close to the tip of the snout; tympanum half the diameter of the eye. Fingers and toes with small disks; first finger shorter than second, which is about as long as fourth; third toe longer than fifth; no metatarsal tubercles; the heel reaches the tip of the snout. Skin smooth.
Dark brown above, irregularly spotted and marbled with blackish; whitish beneath, throat and chest reticulated with brown. Length 30 mm.
Habitat: New Guinea (Hatam, Arfak mts.).
It. Xenorhina Ptrs.
(PeTers, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1863, p. 82). Pupil horizontal, nearly circular. Tongue large, circular, entire, free only at the sides, perfectly attached behind. Palate toothless. A denticulated transverse dermal ridge across the palate, in front of the pharynx. Tympanum more or less distinct.
{32 Fingers and toes free, the tips dilated. Outer metatarsals united. No procoracoids, clavicles, or omosternum. Terminal phalanges T-shaped.
Distribution: New Guinea.
I. Xenorhina oxycephala (Schlg.).
Bombinator oxycephalus Schlegel, Handl. Dierk., Breda, 1858, IT, p. 58, pl. 1V, fig. 74. Xenorhina oxycephala Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 179. Xenorhina atra Giinther, Novit. Zool., II, 1896, p. 184, pl. VIII, fig. 1. Xenorhina oxycephala v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 236. Xenorhina oxycephala v. Kampen, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., XXXVII, 1914, p. 374. Habit stout. Head broader than long, the side of the head, from tip of snout to shoulder, forms a feebly curved line; snout pointed, strongly projecting, twice the length of the eye; canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region very oblique, feebly concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space about thrice the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum hidden or more or less distinct, about as large as the eye. Fingers with slightly swollen tips, toes with small disks; fingers short, first shorter than second, which is about as long as fourth; length of the fourth toe contained about 3 to 3'/, times in the distance be- Fig. 17. Xenorhina oxycephala (Schig.), XI. tween vent and posterior border of the eye; third toe much longer than fifth; subarticular tubercles and the small nner metatarsal tubercle indistinct, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the axil or the eye, the tarso-metatarsal articulation the tip of the snout or beyond. Skin smooth; snout with or without small warts. Black, brown, greyish violet or red above (in life), with or without a light vertebral line; grey, brick-red, or orange, more or less marbled with brownish, beneath; a dark spot around the vent and on a part of the posterior surface of the thighs; the sides sometimes white. Length 47 mm.
133 Type specimens in the Leiden Museum examined. Habitat: New Guinea (Lobo; Idenburg riv.!; Sermowai riv., +70 and 400 m.!; Humboldt bay!; Mosso riv.!; Clyde riv.). 12, Asterophrys Tschudi.
(TscHupI, Mém. Soc. Sc. nat. Neuchatel, II, 1839, p. 45, 82). Pupil horizontal. Tongue large, circular, entire, free at the sides and slightly behind. Palate toothless. A denticulated transverse dermal ridge across the palate, in front of the pharynx. Tympanum feebly distinct. Fingers and toes free, the tips feebly dilated. Outer metatarsals united.
No procoracoids, clavicles or omosternum. Terminal phalanges obtuse.
Distribution: New Guinea.
Asterophrys turpicula (S. Miull.).
Ceratophrys turpicola (S. Miill.), Schlegel, Abbild. neuer oder unvollst. bek. Amph., Diisseldorf, 1837—44, p. 30, pl. X, fig. 4. Asterophrys turpicola Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 444. Habit stout. Dermal ridge of the palate with about ten strong, triangular denticles. Head large, triangular, with convex crown, its length */, of its width, which is half the length of head Fig. 18. Asterophrys turpicula (S. Mill.), type specimen, X I. and body; snout vertically truncated, feebly projecting, as long as the eye; canthus rostralis angular; loreal region high, vertical, concave; nostril lateral, close to the tip of the snout; interorbital space twice the width of the upper eyelid; tym-
134 panum feebly distinct, vertically oval, its vertical diameter 7/, the diameter of the orbit and as large as the distance from eye to tympanum. Fingers and toes with very smal! disks; first finger a little shorter than second; third toe much longer than fifth; subarticular tubercles distinct; an indistinct oval inner metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the tympanum or the eye, the tarso-metatarsal articulation the eye or the tip of the snout.
Smooth above, with some scattered small tubercles on back and limbs; some pointed dermal appendages on the upper eyelid, one of which, situated close to the middle of the outer border, being more prominent than the other ones; a bony ridge from the eye to the anterior border of the tympanum and a stronger one from the eye to above and behind the tympanum; a median low bony ridge on the head; almost smooth beneath; sides with rather large tubercles. Brown above (in life brownish green, with a few dark dots); sides and lower surface lighter, with dark marblings; sides of head dark brown. From snout to vent 48 mm. Type specimens in the Leiden Museum examined. This examination has shown that this species belongs to the Brevzcipitidae and the genus is closely allied with Xenorhina. The sacral diapophyses are moderately dilated.
Habitat: New Guinea! (Lobo; Torricelli mts.: ')). 13. Copiula v. Méh.
(v. MEéHELY, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 242). Pupil horizontal. Tongue small, oval, entire and extensively free behind. Palate toothless. A denticulated transverse dermal ridge across the palate, in front of the pharynx. Tympanum distinct. Fingers and toes free, with disks. Outer metatarsals united.
No procoracoids, clavicles or omosternum. Terminal phalanges T-shaped.
Distribution: New Guinea.
Syiopsis of the species.
A, Snout not or hardly longer than the upper eyelid. 1. C. oxyrhina p. 135. B. Snout 2!/, times the length of the eye..... 2. C.(?) rostellifera p. 135. 1) After Wandolleck, Abh. Mus. Dresden, XIII, N°, 6, 1910, p. 14.