1 fe) snout vertically truncate, shorter than the upper eyelid; canthus rostralis obtuse; loreal region slightly oblique, concave; nostril much néarer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum feebly distinct, about #/, the width of the eye. Disks of fingers ard toes rather large, about as large as the tympanum, those of toes a little smaller than those of fingers; first finger much shorter than second, which is as long as fourth; toes webbed at the base; fifth toe slightly longer than third; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles very feeble, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the eye; tibia half length of head and body. Skin smooth, granulate on the belly and the lower and posterior surfaces of the thighs.
Upper parts yellowish red, with blackish dots and larger spots or longitudinal streaks; limbs with indistinct dark crossbars; beneath light reddish brown, sometimes powdered or marbled with dark brown. Length 25 mm.
Procoracoid connected with the scapula by a ligament only. Habitat: New Guinea (Torricelli mts.?; near Friedrich Wilhelmshafen ; Sattelberg; Moroka, Bartholomew range, 700 m.; Van der Sande riv.!).
It. Oreophryne albopunctata (v. Kamp.).
Sphenophryne albopunctata v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 1, 1909, p. 42, pl. I, fig. 7.
-Tongue oval, entire, about '/, free behind; two dermal ridges across the palate, the posterior one denticulated. Head a little broader than long; snout rounded, feebly projecting, shorter than the upper eyelid; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region nearly vertical, slightly concave; interorbital space much broader than the upper eyelid ; nostril much nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; tympanum very indistinct, about '/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers with large disks, that of third finger larger than half the width of the eye, that of first finger and those of toes a little smaller than those of outer fingers; first finger shorter than second, which is nearly as long as fourth; toes webbed at the base, third and fifth of equal length; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles flat, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the tympanum or the posterior border of the eye.
120 Skin smooth, or with a few scattered flat warts above; belly granular.
Upper surfaces brownish; a dark cross-bar between the eyes; a dark W-shaped spot behind the head and two semilunar light, dark bordered spots in the lumbar region; all these markings sometimes indistinct; a small white dot in the middle ake Fig. 14. Oreophryne albopunctata (v. Kamp.), X 13/4. of the upper surface of the tibia; anal region blackish; lower surfaces lighter, more or less clouded with dark, especially on throat and breast. Length 25 mm.
Procoracoid connected with the scapula by a ligament only. Type specimen examined.
Habitat: New Guinea (Lorentz riv. !).
12, Oreophryne mertoni (Roux).
Sphenophryne mertoni Roux, Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., XXXIII, 1910, p. 227, pl. XIV, figs. 5—5 2.
Tongue rather large, entire; a denticulated dermal ridge across the palate in front of the pharynx. Head as long as broad; snout rounded, as long as the eye; canthus rostralis not angular; interorbital space 1?/, times as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum very indistinct, hardly '/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers rather short, with large disks, the largest one half the diameter of the eye; disks of toes smaller than those of fingers; second finger as long as fourth; toes webbed
121 at the base; third and fifth toe of equal length; no subarticular or metatarsal tubercles; the heel reaches the posterior border of the eye.
Upper parts smooth; a very fine, curved, glandular fold above the tympanum; a few feebly prominent granules behind the corner of the mouth; lower surface of body and thighs areolate. Middle of the back light greyish’ brown (dark orange-red in life); a A-shaped spot in the lumbar region; a white spot upon, and behind the tympanum; snout grey; loreal region brown; a brown, triangular marking between the eyes; thighs and sides of body greyish brown, speckled with brown; beneath greyish, speckled with brown. Length 26,5 mm. Procoracoid connected with the scapula by a ligament only. Habitat: Aru islands.
5. Microbatrachus Roux.
(Roux, Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., XXXIII, 1910, p. 228). Pupil horizontal. Tongue entire, extensively free behind. Palate toothless. A smooth dermal ridge across the palate, in front of the pharynx. Tympanum hidden. Fingers and toes free; tips of fingers obtuse, of toes slightly dilated. Procoracoids present; clavicles and omosternum absent; sternum narrow.
Distribution: Aru islands.
1. Microbatrachus pusillus Roux.
Microbatrachus pusillus Roux, Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., XXXIII, I9g10, p- 228, pl. XIV, figs. 6—640.
Tongue large, subtriangular, about half free behind. Head nearly as long as broad; snout broadly truncated, as long as the eye; no canthus rostralis; nostril in the middle between the orbit and the tip of the snout; interorbital space 17/, times the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum hidden. Fingers obtuse; second to fifth toe with very feebly dilated tips; fingers very short, first shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; toes short, first shorter than second, third longer than fifth; no subarticular or metatarsal tubercles; the heel reaches the posterior border of the eye.
Skin smooth.
Upper parts brown, darker on the head and the anterior
part of the back; fore limbs greyish white, hind limbs yellowish brown; lower parts yellowish white, the throat a little darker, with small lighter dots. Length 7 mm.
Perhaps a young Sphenophryne or Oreophryne sp. Habitat: Aru islands.
6. Oxydactyla v. Kamp.
(v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 3, 1913, p. 464). Pupil horizontal. Tongue entire, free behind. Palate toothless. Two dermal transverse ridges across the palate, in front of the pharynx, the posterior one denticulated. Tympanum hidden. Fingers and toes free, the tips not dilated. Outer metatarsals united.
Procoracoids and clavicles present, the latter reaching the scapulae; no omosternum; sternum small. Terminal phalanges club-shaped.
Distribution: New Guinea.
I. Oxydactyla brevicrus v. Kamp.
Oxydactyla brevicrus y. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 3, 1913, p. 465, pl. XI, fig. 8. Tongue broad, oblong, half free behind. Head broader than long, its width ?/, the length of head and body; snout rounded, Fig. 15. Oxydactyla brevicrus v. Kamp., X 13/4. feebly projecting, shorter than the eye, about as deep as long; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region slightly oblique,
123 almost flat; nostril a little nearer to the tip ofthe snout than to the eye; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum scarcely or not visible in the adult, more distinct and a little more than half the width of the eye in young specimens. First finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; third toe a little longer than fifth; subarticular tubercles very feeble; a feebly developed inner, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the axilla or the shoulder, the tarso-metatarsal articulation the tympanum or the posterior border of the eye; tibia '/, length of head and body. Skin smooth.
Violet above, marbled or spotted with dark, sometimes with a dark band along the sides of head and body; yellowish beneath, usually marbled with brown, especially on throat and limbs. Length 30 mm.
Type specimen examined.
In most points resembling the Australian Bufonid genus Pseudophryne, which seems to be more nearly related to the Brevicipitinae than to Bufo.
Habitat: New Guinea (near Idenburg riv., + 1450 and 2400—2g900 m.!; Hellwig mts., + 2500 m.!; Wichmann mts., =E7 3000) mi. !). ° 7. Callulops Bler.
(BoULENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) I, 1888, p. 345). Pupil vertical. Tongue entire, slightly free behind and on the sides. Palatine bones forming an acute ridge across the palate, armed with a series of small teeth. A denticulated transverse dermal ridge across the palate, in front of the pharynx. Tympanum distinct. Fingers and toes free, the tips with small disks. Outer metatarsals united.
No procoracoids or clavicles. Terminal phalanges simple. Distribution: New Guinea.
1. Callulops doriae Blgr.
Callulops Doriae Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) I, 1888, p. 345. Tongue oblong. Head rather small, much broader than long, convex on the frontal and occipital region; no canthus rostralis ; interorbital space much broader than the upper eyelid; eye small; tympanum much larger than the eye. First and second
124 fingers equal; toes moderately elongate; inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct; the heel reaches the shoulder; tibia ?/, the length of head and body.
Skin smooth, thick and leathery on the back. Brown; groin and sides of hind limbs yellowish, with a wide-meshed. blackish network. From snout to vent 75 mm. Habitat: New Guinea (Haveri, in Moroka; Milne gulf). 8. Gastrophryne Fitz.
(FITZINGER, Syst. Rept., Vindobonae, fasc. I, 1843, p. 333 STEJNEGER, Proc. biol. Soc. Washington, XXIII (1910), I911, p. 165). Engystoma Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal., 1882, p. 160, nec Fitzinger, Neue Classif. Rept., Wien, 1826, p. 39.
Pupil vertical. Tongue entire and free behind. Palate toothless. A transverse dermal ridge across the palate between the choanae, and another in front of the pharynx. Tympanum hidden. Fingers and toes free, blunt or with dilated tips. Outer metatarsals united.
No procoracoids or clavicles. Terminal phalanges simple. Distribution: America; Borneo.
1. Gastrophryne borneénsis (Blgr.).
Engystoma borneense Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) XIX, 1897, p. 108. Snout pointed, strongly projecting, very long (twice and a half the diameter of the eye); interorbital space thrice the width of the upper eyelid; eye small. Fingers swollen at the end; toes with small disks; fingers short, first shorter than second; a very small inner metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the posterior border of the eye, the tarso-metatarsal articulation the tip of the snout.
Skin smooth.
Blackish brown above, with scattered minute white dots; brown beneath. From snout to vent 39 mm.
Habitat: Borneo (Baram district, Serawak). 9. Phrynella Blgr.
(BouLENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) XIX, 1887, p. 346). Pupil horizontal. Tongue nicked and free behind. Palate toothless. No dermal ridges across the palate. Tympanum hidden. Fingers free, toes webbed, the tips dilated. Outer metatarsals united.
126 No procoracoids or clavicles. Terminal phalanges T-shaped. Distribution: Malacca; Mentawei isl.; Sumatra; Borneo. Synopsis of the Species.
A, Toes at least 3/, webbed. Subarticular tubercles flat. 1. P. pulchra p. 125. B. Toes hardly half webbed. Subarticular tubercles very (OMNES ty One og! Ouobo Geo lo Ged onc. o).0 dec Seo oaee 2. P. pollicaris p. 125. 1. Phrynella pulchra Blgr.
Phrynella pulchra Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) XIX, 1887, p. 346, pl. X, fig. 2.
Phrynella pulchra \senschmid, Mitth. naturf. Ges. Bern, 1903, p. 75, pl. V, figs. 1, 12. Phrynella pulchra Boulenger, Vert. Fauna Malay Penins., Rept. and Batr., London, TOE2. p. 265.
Habit stout. Head small; snout truncate, projecting, a little longer than the eye; interorbital space much broader than the upper eyelid. Fingers depressed, with large subtriangular disks; toes with feebly dilated tips; first finger shorter than second; toes °/, to nearly entirely webbed; subarticular tubercles very large and flat; a small, oval, flat inner metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the temple or nearly the posterior border of the eye.
Skin smooth, or with small flat warts on the sides and the posterior part of the back.
Brown above, with symmetrical darker spots, some of which are edged with a pink line; throat and lower surface of foot brown; belly, groin and hinder side of thighs yellowish (in spirit); vent in a large dark brown spot, separated from the dark colour of the back and the upper surface of the thighs by a band of the yellowish colour of the lower surface. From snout to vent 42 mm.
Male with an internal subgular vocal sac.
Habitat: Mentawei islands (Sipora); Sumatra (Belu Telang, Lower Langkat; Deli; Batak mts., 800 m.; Benakat, Palembang!). — Malay Peninsula.
2. Phrynella pollicaris Blgr.
Prynella pulchra Gitnther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) XX, 1887, p. 313, pl. AVE fig. B.
Phrynella pollicaris Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1890, p. 37- Parynella pollicaris Boulenger, Vert. Fauna Malay Penins., Rept. and Batr., London, 1912, p. 266.
126 Distinguished from Ph. pulchra by a stouter habit, a shorter head, shorter and thicker digits with much stronger and very prominent subarticular tubercles, hardly half webbed toes, and by the presence, in the male, of a strong, tubercle-like rudiment of pollex.
Colour in life dark olive-brown above; an oblique yellow line from the eye to the angle of the mouth; a pale oliveyellow mark across fore-head, through the eyes, and down the sides of the body to the thighs, this band minutely spotted with dark brown, principally along the centre; a triangular dark-centred pale mark on the anal region; limbs with pale cross-bands; throat of male dark brown, passing into yellow on the breast; belly brown, spotted with whitish. The colour is very changeable, passing to blackish or yellowish. From snout to vent 34 mm.
Lives in holes in trees, containing rain-water. The voice is loud, flute-like.
Habitat: Sumatra; Borneo. — Perak, from 900 m. upwards. 10. Xenobatrachus Ptrs. & Dor.
(PETERS e Dorta, Ann. Mus. Genova, XIII, 1878, p. 432). Choanacantha v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXI, 1898, p. 175. Xenorhina v. Méhely, Termész, Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 231 (partim). Pupil circular or feebly horizontally elliptic. Tongue large, entire or nicked; perfectly attached or free behind. One or two large tooth-like processes behind each choane, A denticulated transverse dermal ridge across the palate, in front of the pharynx, and sometimes a tubercle in front of it. Tympanum more or less distinct. Fingers and toes free, the tips usually dilated. Outer metatarsals united.
No procoracoids, clavicles or omosternum. Terminal phalanges T-shaped.
The eggs are large and few, the development is thus probably direct.
Distribution: New Guinea.
Synopsis of the Species.
A. One tooth-like process behind each choane. I. Snout nearly twice the diameter of the eye... . 1. X. rostratus p. 127. Il. Snout as long as the upper eyelid.
I. The tarso-metatarsal articulation reaches the eye. 2. X. oce//atus p. 128.