207 Vomerine teeth in two oblique oval groups or short series in the middle between the choanae. Head slightly longer than broad; snout obtusely pointed, somewhat projecting, as long as the eye or a little longer; canthus rostralis angular, straight ; loreal region a little oblique, concave; nostril somewhat nearer to tip of snout than to eye; interorbital space as broad as or a little narrower than to the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, about ?/, the width of the eye. Fingers with small, toes with a little larger oval disks; first finger longer than second and fourth ones; toes nearly entirely webbed, two phalanges of fourth one free; outer metatarsals separated nearly to the base; subarticular tubercles prominent, oval; a small, oval inner and a small, round outer metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches the eye or between eye and nostril; tibia half the length of head and body or a little shorter; when the hind limbs are folded at right angles to the body, the heels are overlapping.
Skin smooth or finely granulated, sometimes with small warts, above; posterior surface of thighs granulate; a moderately broad dorsolateral fold, a less distinct fold above the tympanum and a fold from below the eye to the shoulder, followed by a small glandule. Lower parts smooth. Olive or chestnut-brown above, the glandular fold not lighter ; sides of head and body dark brown to blackish; a white streak along the upper lip, extending backwards to the shoulder ; limbs with dark cross-bars; posterior surfaces of thighs yellow, marbled with dark brown or black; white beneath, uniform or spotted or marbled with blackish brown. Length 77 mm. Male with two large external vocal sacs and a large flat gland on the arm.
Habitat: N.E.-New Guinea? '). — Bismarck arch.; Solomon islands.
33. Rana grisea v. Kamp.
? Rana novae-britanniae (part.) Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, LI, 1901, p: 614. Rana grisea v, Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 3, 1913, p. 460, pl. XI, fig. 3. Rana grisea Boulenger, Transact. Zool. Soc. London, XX, pt. 5, 1914, p. 250. Rana grisea Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. 185. Rana grisea var, ceramensis Smith and Procter, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) VII, 1921, p- 353.
1) According to Werner (Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, LI, 1901, p. 614); these specimens, however, perhaps belong to #. papua or grisea.
208 Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups or series between the choanae or extending behind the level of their posterior borders. Head as long as broad or a little longer than broad; snout obtusely pointed, a little projecting, as long as the eye or the upper eyelid, longer than deep; canthus rostralis strong; loreal region oblique, concave; nostril equally distant from eye and tip of snout or nearer to tip of snout; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, '/, to ?/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers small, of toes a little larger; first finger hardly extending beyond second, which is much shorter than fourth; fifth toe longer than third; toes entirely webbed or two phalanges of fourth one free; outer metatarsals separated nearly to the base; subarticular tubercles well developed; a distinct, elliptic inner and a feebly prominent round outer metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches beyond the tip of the snout; tibia ?/, length of head and body; when the limbs are folded at right angles to the body, the heels are strongly overlapping.
Smooth or finely granulate above, with a few scattered small warts; a rather broad \dorsolateral fold and a fold from the mouth to the shoulder; smooth below.
Light grey or brown above, uniform or with some small ill-defined dark spots on the back ; upper half of loreal region, tympanum and temporal region dark brown; hind limbs with narrow dark cross-bars; yellowish or brown beneath, more or less spotted or marbled with dark; a dark streak on each shoulder. Length 85 mm.
Male with large external vocal sacs and humeral glands. Habitat: Ceram (900 m.); New Guinea (Went mts., +1300 m.!; Utakwa riv., 750—900 m.).
34. Rana jerboa (Gthr.).
fHylorana jerboa Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1872, p. 599, pl. XL, fig.B.
Rana jerboa Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 67. Rana Masonit Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) XIII, 1884, p. 397. Rana jerboa Boulenger, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) XIII, 1893, p. 335. »Unbestimmbare Froschlarve”, Weber, Ann. Jardin Bot. Buitenzorg, Suppl. II, 1898, p. 10, fig. 6 (tadpole).
Rana jerbea v. Kampen, Weber’s Zool. Ergebn., Leiden, IV, 1907, p. 397 (tadpole). Rana jerboa v. Kampen, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indié, LXIX, 1909, p. 39, pl. II, figs.3—-6(tadpole).
209 Rana jerboa Boulenger, Vert. Fauna Mal. Penins., Rept. and Batr., London, 1912, p. 244 (not the tadpole).
Rana jerboa Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. 196. Vomerine teeth in two short, transverse or oblique series between the choanae or extending behind the level of their posterior borders. Head as long as broad or slightly longer; snout rounded or obtusely pointed, scarcely projecting, as long as or a little longer than the upper eyelid, longer than deep; canthus rostralis angular; loreal region slightly oblique, concave; nostril about equally distant from the eye and the tip of the snout; interorbital space about as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, '/, to */, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers and toes moderate, less than half the diameter of the tympanum, those of toes as large as ora little larger than those of fingers; first finger equal to, or slightly longer than second; fifth toe longer than third; toes entirely or nearly entirely webbed; outer metatarsals separated nearly to the base; subarticular tubercles well developed; a small, elliptic inner metatarsal tubercle, outer metatarsal tubercle more or less distinct, or absent; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches fare beyond ‘the)tip. offcthe snouts), tibias */;/ to 4/g length, ef head and body; when the hind limbs are folded at right angles to the body, the heels are strongly overlapping. Upper parts smooth or finely granulate, with or without scattered warts; a moderately broad, continuous, glandular dorsolateral fold, extending to the hip; lower parts smooth. Brown or greyish above, uniform or marbled with darker; darker on the sides, especially of the head; sometimes a black streak on canthus rostralis and along the outer side of the dorsolateral fold, with a downward process in front of, and another one behind the tympanum; a more or less distinct light streak along the upper lip; limbs with dark cross-bars, which may be very indistinct; lower parts white, uniform, or throat and breast spotted or speckled with brown. From snout to vent 250; O%102 mm.
Terminal phalanges T-shaped.
Male with small external vocal sacs.
Tadpole. — Length of body nearly 1'/, times its width; tail about 1°/, times as long as body, 3'/, times as long as deep. Nostril nearer to the eye than to the tip of the snout; eyes superior, in the middle between the spiraculum and the tip INDO-AUSTRALIAN AMPHIBIA. 14
210 of the snout, or a little nearer to the first, the distance between them larger than that between the nostrils and half the width of the mouth; spiraculum sinistral, lateral, directed upwards and backwards, much nearer to the posterior than to the anterior extremity of the body; vent median. Tip of tail rounded; the crests low, not reaching the base of the tail. A large sucking disk behind the mouth, extending to below the spiracular tube; lower lip bordered with one, sides of upper lip with three series of papillae; jaws feebly denticulated, composed of one piece each, bordered with black; series of teeth (44 yy 1, ar); the “outer ‘series! jin both lipsivery feeble and sometimes incomplete.
Blackish brown above, colourless below; tail brown, more or less variegated with lighter; crests colourless. Length 56 mm. In swift running brooks.
Habitat: Sumatra (Karo countries, +400 m.!; Tandjongberingin, Batak mts., +300m.!; Panjinggahan!; Barisan range, 1200 m.; Sandaran Agung, 745 m., and Sinlak Daras, goo m., in Kurintji valley; Muarasako, Kurintji!); Borneo (Brunei; Mt. Dulit; Kidi distr. and Matang in Serawak); Java (Batavia?; Buitenzorg; Tjibodas!, 1400—2000 m.; Pasirdatar, 900 m.!; Djampang!; Tjitalahab!; Mt. Ungaran, 1000—1300 m.!; Tengger mts., 1200 m.). — Burma; Siam; Malay Peninsula; Philippines ’). 35. Rana whiteheadi Blgr.
Rana Whiteheadi Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) XX, 1887, p. 96. Rana Whiteheadi Mocquard, Nouv. Arch. Mus, d’Hist. Nat., (3) I, 1890, p. 146, jolie ates 2 Rana Whiteheadi Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) VII, 1891, p. 344. Rana Whiteheadi Mocquard, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 205. > Rana masoni Boettger, Ber. Offenb. Ver. f. Naturk. (1887—91), 1892, p. 138. Rana Whiteheadi Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1893, p. 526 (tadpole). Rana whiteheadi Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. 195. Vomerine teeth in two short transverse or oblique series between the posterior borders of the choanae, or just behind them. Head as long as broad or slightly longer than broad; snout rounded or obtusely pointed, feebly projecting, about as long as the eye; canthus rostralis strong; loreal region feebly oblique, deeply concave; nostril nearer to tip of snout 1) According to: De Elera, Catélogo Sist. de toda la Fauna de Filippinas. I. 1895, p. 448.
21 than to eye; interorbital space */, to equal to the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, ?/, to °/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers and toes well developed, '/, to 4/, the diameter of the tympanum; first finger as long as or extending slightly beyond second; toes entirely or nearly entirely webbed, two phalanges of fourth one sometimes being free; outer metatarsals separated nearly to the base; subarticular tubercles rather large; a small, oval inner metatarsal tubercle, outer tubercle very small and indistinct, or absent; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches far beyond the tip of the snout; tibia */, to 3/, length from snout to vent; when the hind limbs are folded at right angles to the body, the heels are strongly overlapping.
Finely granulate or shagreened above; sides sometimes warty; a fold above the tympanum; dorsolateral fold, if present, short, not extending to the sacrum, or represented by a series of warts. Grey or brown above, sometimes with darker spots or marblings or with scattered small light spots; tympanum yellowish or pale brown; a blackish streak below canthus rostralis and on supratemporal fold; temporal region blackish or with blackish spots; upper lip whitish or brown; limbs with or without more or less distinct dark cross-bands; hinder side of thighs purplish brown, uniform or speckled with lighter; lower surface white, throat and breast sometimes spotted or marbled with brown. From snout to vent 93 mm.
Terminal phalanges T-shaped.
Male with small external vocal sacs; no humeral glands. Tadpole. — Tail obtusely pointed, the upper crest not extending to base of tail.
A large sucking disk behind the mouth, free on its borders, truncate in front; lower lip bordered by papillae; both jaws composed of two black pieces, which are ribbed and strongly toothed; series ‘of teeth 33/44".
Habitat: Borneo (Mt. Kina Balu!, 640 and 280 m.; Bongon; Baram riv.; Pata riv., Serawak; Serawak riv.); Java (Tjibodas!). 36. Rana cavitympanum Bler.
Rana cavitympanum Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1893, p. 525, pl. XLIII, fig. I (with tadpole).
Rana cavitympanum Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. 193. Vomerine teeth in two short, slightly oblique series between
212 the choanae. Head as long as broad; snout rounded, scarcely projecting, a little shorter than the eye; canthus rostralis strong; loreal region feebly oblique, deeply concave; nostril slightly nearer to the eye than to the tip of the snout; interorbital space */, the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, deeply sunk, '/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers and toes '/, the diameter of the tympanum; first finger as iong as second; toes entirely webbed; outer metatarsals separated nearly to the base; subarticular tubercles of fingers rather large, of toes rather small; a very small oval inner metatarsal tubercle, no outer one; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches far beyond the tip of the snout; tibia */, the length of head and body; when the hind limbs are folded at right angles to the body, the heels are strongly overlapping.
Skin smooth; no dorsolateral fold.
Pale grey-brown above; a broad dorsal area blackish brown, sharply defined on the sides; a dark bar between the eyes; a black streak from the lip to the shoulder, passing through nostril and eye and above the tympanum; lips with black spots; limbs with narrow dark brown cross-bars; lower parts white. From snout to vent 44 mm.
Male with two external vocal sacs; no humeral gland. Tadpole. — A large ventral sucking disk, free on its borders, truncate in front; lips much developed, without papillae; jaws black, angular, smooth, very finely denticulated at the edge; Series of teethe S867 47.
Habitat: Borneo (Mt. Kina Balu; Inuman riv., Brit. N.-Borneo; Bongon, N.-Borneo).
37. Rana kampeni Bler.
Rana pantherina (non Fitz.), v. Kampen, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indié, LXIX, 1909, oy PA) jolla ihe Gates Rana kampenit Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. 213. Vomerine. teeth in two short, oblique series, extending a little behind the level of the choanae. Head as long as broad; snout rounded, feebly projecting, as long as the upper eyelid, longer than deep; canthus rostralis strong, curved; loreal region oblique, deeply concave; nostril equidistant from eye and tip of snout; interorbital space somewhat narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, about '/, to ?/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers (except first) large, dia-
213 meter of largest about ?/, to 3/, that of tympanum; disks of toes smaller than those of fingers; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; third toe shorter than fifth; toes nearly entirely webbed, only the extreme tip of fourth toe free; outer metatarsals separated nearly to the base; subarticular tubercles well-developed; a distinct, oblong inner, no outer metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the knee reaches bie vaxilcthe ‘heel far beyond. the tip of the snout; tibia. ?/, to */, length of head and body; when the hind limbs are folded at right angles to the body, the heels are strongly overlapping.
Smooth, or finely granulate, or with a few tubercles on the back; no dorsolateral fold; belly granulate or smooth, the proximal part of the posterior surface of the thighs granulate. Upper parts bluish grey or purplish; back and sides sometimes covered with roundish and oblong, dark spots, most of which have a light centre; dark spots along the borders of the lips; limbs with dark cross bars; whitish beneath, immaculate or vermiculated with brown. Length 73 mm. Habitat: Sumatra (Bandarbaru, Batak mts., +900 m.!; Serepai and Sungai Kring in Kurintji!).
38. Rana crassiovis Bler.
Rana crassiovis Boulenger, Jrn. Fed. Malay St. Mus., VIII, 1920, p. 292. Rana crassiovis Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. 212. Vomerine teeth in two short oblique series between the choanae. Head as long as broad; snout rounded, feebly projecting, as long as or slightly longer than the eye; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region feebly oblique, very concave; nostril a little nearer to tip of snout than to eye; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, about */, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers moderately large, as long as broad, ?/, the diameter of the tympanum; disks of toes similar to, but smaller than those of fingers; first finger as long as second; toes webbed to the disks of third and fifth, two phalanges of fourth one free; outer metatarsals separated nearly to the base; subarticular tubercles of fingers rather large, of toes rather small, prominent; an oval, feebly prominent inner, no outer metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches far beyond the tip of the snout; tibia °/, to */, the length from snout to vent; when the hind limbs
214 are folded at right angles to the body, the heels are strongly overlapping.
Smooth or finely granulate above, coarsely granulate on the sides; ashort fold above the tympanum; lower parts smooth. Dark purplish brown above, with large darker spots or marblings, yellowish on the sides, with round black spots; hind limbs with numerous, very regular dark cross-bands; hinder side of thighs blackish brown, with white vertical. bars. White beneath, throat and breast speckled or spotted with brown. From snout to vent 63 mm.
Habitat: Sumatra (Barisan range in Kurintji, 1200 m.). Eggs very large (3 mm. in diam.), unpigmented. 39. Rana everetti Bler.
Rana Everetti Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 72, pl. VI. Rana everetti Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus,, XX, 1920, p. 210. Vomerine teeth in two short oblique series, on a level with and extending behind the posterior borders of the choanae. Head as long as broad; snout rounded, scarcely projecting, a little longer than the eye; canthus rostralis angular; loreal region slightly oblique, concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, */, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers large, of third and fourth ones */, the width of the tympanum, those of toes smaller than those of fingers; first and second fingers equal; toes entirely webbed; outer metatarsals separated nearly to the base; subarticular tubercles well developed; a small oval inner, and a very indistinct outer metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches between eye and nostril; tibia hardly more than half the length of head and body; when the hind limbs are folded at right angles to the body, the heels are strongly overlapping. Skin smooth above; a rather indistinct fold above the tympanum and a fold from below the eye to the shoulder, followed by a glandule; belly and posterior half of lower surface of thighs granulate.
Light greyish brown above, with round dark spots; a dark band on the side of head and body; limbs with indistinct dark cross-bars; white beneath, the hind limbs speckled with greyish brown. From snout to vent 87 mm.
Habitat: Borneo (Mt. Kina Balu; Baram riv.). — Philippines.