ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 133 90. Doras puNCTATUS Kner Doras punctatus Kner, 1855, Sitzb. KKK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, VII, 136, pl. vi, fig. 10, Matto Grosso andRioGuaporé; Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XIT, 343, pl. 1, fig. 5; pl. xxi, figs. 1 and 2; text fig.12,E.
HemidoraspunctatusEigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,255; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 394. Peruvian Amazon to Matto Grosso and Guaporé 15882,1,118mm.,RioParanapura,Yurimaguas,Allen,November,1920. 15883,many,largest99mm.,LagoCashiboya,Allen,August,1920. Of the small-eyed group, the eye not exceeding the interorbital, but contained in it only 1.6 to 1.75; first lateral seute moderate, not reaching the coracoid process; dorsal spine shorter than the pectoral, not reaching the adipose; maxillary barbel not reaching beyond the base of the pectoral. Genus 45: HEMIDORAS Bleeker HemidorasBleeker,1858,Ichth.Arch.Indici,Siluri,I,53; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 158; Figenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 250; Figenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XII, 347. Type: Hemidoras (Oxydoras) stenopeltis Kner Upper Amazon, Madeira, and Rio Negro Nuchal shields with a foramen on each side; maxillary barbel with a fringe of many barblets; a series of scutes between the dorsal and adipose, and sometimes between the ventral and anal; of the group with long, subconical snout; lateral plates well developed along the entire line; humeral process longer than deep; mouth small; mental barbels fringed and united by a membrane at the bases; fontanel continued as a groove.
91. HEMIDORAS STENOPELTIS (Heckel) Corydoras stenopeltis Heckel, in Kner, 1855, Sitzb. KIX. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XVII, 142, pl. iv, fig. 7, Rio Negro.
HemidorasstenopeltisEigenmannandEigenmann,1888,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sci.,(2),I,158; EigenmannandEFigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,256; Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XII, 347. Peruvian Amazon to the Rios Madeira and Negro 15907,1,80mm.,Pebas,J.B.Steere.
92. Hemiporas morris! Eigenmann w Hemidoras morrisi Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XII, 347, pl. xxvu, fig. :
134 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Known from the types taken at Iquitos.
15962, 2, 77 and 147 mm., the latter the type, Iquitos, Morris, 1922. Named for Percival Morris, the Barbado-Peruvian who assisted in making the collections in the vicinity of Iquitos, and continued collecting for more than a year thereafter, following my departure.
Genus 46: OPSODORAS Eigenmann Opsodoras Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 348. Type: Opsodoras orthacanthus Eigenmann Amazon basin to the Guianas Back without scutes; origin of ventrals nearer caudal than snout; adipose not continued forward as a keel; mental barbels with a double series of barblets; a foramen on each side of the nuchal shield.
Air bladder single, usually with filamentous, branched diverticula. 93. OPSODORAS HEMIPELTIS Eigenmann Opsodoras hemipeltis Figenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XII, 349, pl. xix, fig. 2; pl. xxiv, fig.
6.
Kknown only from the type at the California Academy Museum. 15879, 1, type, 148 mm., Rio Ucayah, Contamana, Allen, July, 1920. Noteworthy for its spindle form among its extreme relatives. 94. OPpSODORAS PARALLELUS Eigenmann Opsodoras parallelus Kigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XII, 350, pl. xix, fig. 3; pl. xxi, fig.
3.
Known only from the type from Iquitos in the Museum of the California Academy of Sciences.
15964,1,type,151mm.,Iquitos,Morris,1922.
Closely allied to O. hemipeltis, if distinct from it. Differing in the better development of the lateral scutes, 0 + 32; top of head and nasals granular, opercle striate; maxillary barbel reaching beyond the eye; pectoral spines not reaching ventrals, with serrae on both surfaces of the spine. 95. OpsopORAS HUMERALIS (IXner) Doras humeralis Wner, 1855, Sitzb. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, X VIT, 140, pl. iv, fig. 6, Rio Negro. Oxydoras humeralis Ginther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 206. Hemidoras humeralis Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 158; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 258; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 394.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 135 Opsodoras humeralis Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XII, 350, pl. 1, fig. 6; pl. ii, fig. 4; pl. xvii, figs. 9 and 10; pl. xix, fig. 1. Rio Negro to Bolivia and Rio Ucayali , 154 mm., Rio Ucayali, Contamana, Allen, July, 1920. 22,largest145mm.,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920. CO [e/e) — Nr 96. OPSODORAS ORTHACANTHUS Eigenmann Opsodoras orthacanthus Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XII, 351, pl. xxi, fig. 3; pl. xxiil,fig.2.
Peruvian Amazons 15884,1,133mm.,type,Iquitos,Morris,1922. 15885,4,69-82mm.,LagoCashiboya,Allen,August1920. 15886,3,77-98mm.,mouthRioPacaya,Allen,August,1920. 97. OpsopORAS STUBELIT (Steindachner) Oxydoras stiibelii Stemdachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 5, pl. iii, figs. 1-1b, three, 80-120 mm., types, Rio Huallaga. Hemidoras stiibeli Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 158; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., 1, 257; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 394. Opsodoras stiibeli Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XII, 354, pl. xxvii, figs. 6 and 7. Known only from the three types 80-120 mm. in length, in the Vienna Museum. The local name shitarz is applied to this species by Steindachner. Genus 47: HASSAR Eigenmann and Eigenmann HassarEigenmannandHigenmann,1888,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sei.,(2),I,158; Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XII, 355. Type: Oxydoras orestis Steindachner Upper Amazon to the Guianas and Paranahyba Near Opsodoras and Leptodoras in the lack of scutes on the back; eye elongate, snout long and slender, humeral process large and rounded; maxillary barbel fringed with minute barblets; adipose not prolonged forward as a ridge. Anterior lateral line scutes very small; pectoral spine not reaching, or barely reaching, ventrals; mouth large; small patch of minute teeth on the lower jaw; anterior nares at or behind middle point between snout and eye. 98. HASSAR UCAYALENSIS Fowler Hassar ucayalensis Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 228, figs. 15-17. The Ucayali river at Contamana Known from the type, 88 mm. long, at the Philadelphia Academy.
136 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Genus 48: LEPTODORAS Boulenger Leptodoras Boulenger, 1898, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), I, 478; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 395; Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XIT, 356. Hemidoras Figenmann and Eigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 1 Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I 5 ) 58; , 205.
Type: Oxydoras acipenserinus Giinther Peruvian Amazonia to the Guianas Nuchal shields with a foramen on each side; maxillary barbel with portion beyond the bone divided into an unfringed and outer fringed part; back without scutes; slender form, depth 5-9; origin of ventrals forward of the middle point; adipose continued forward as a keel, to which the depressed dorsal spine nearly attains; mouth large and edentulous; barbels short, the width of the membrane uniting the bases of the mental barbels more than half their length, the outer mental barbel forked.
99. LEPTODORAS LINNELLI EKigenmann LeptodoraslinnelliEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,395(nameonly); Kigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 191, pl. xvii, fig. 1; pl. xvii, fig. 1; Yigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 357, pl. ii, fig. 2; pl. v, figs. 3 and 4; pl. xx, fig. 4; pl. xxiv, figs. 3-5; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 230. Leptodorasacipenserinus(nonGiinther),Fisher,1917,Ann.CarnegieMus.,XI,422,MacielandRio Guaporé.
Hemidoras (Leptodoras) linnelli Steindachner, 1915 (1917), Denksch. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XCIII, 79.
British Guiana and Rio Ucayali Fowler’s two specimens, 90 and 154, Contamana, are placed here. 100. LepropoRAS ACIPENSERINUS (Giinther) OxydorasacipenserinusGiinther,1868,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,230,pl.xx,Xeberos; Steindachner, 1880 (1882), Denksch. KI. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLIIT, 8, Xeberos. HemidorasacipenserinusEigenmannandEigenmann,1888,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sei.,(2),I,158; Eigenmann and EKigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 255. LeptodorasacipenserinusBoulenger,1898,Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist.,(7),IH,478; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 395; Kigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XII, 358. Peruvian Amazon 15878,1,110mm.,RioParanapura,Yurimaguas,Allen,November,1920. Family V: Ageneiosidae Air bladder much reduced and well enclosed in the bony processes of the cervical vertebrae; maxillary barbels only.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 137 Genus 49: AGENEIOSUS Lacépéde AgeneiosusLacépéde,1805,Hist.Nat.Poiss.,V,132; Eigenmann, and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 299; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 397; Kigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,204.
HypophthalmusSchomburgk,1849,Fish.Brit.Guiana,191.
PseudageneiosusBleeker,1863,Nederl.Tijdsch.Dierk.,I,108. Ageniosus Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 191. Type: Ageneiosus armatus Lacépede La Plata to Paranahyba, Guianas, and Peru Teeth villiform; barbels at mawillaries only; eyes large, lateral, and snout much longer than eye; dorsal fin weak, with a weak spine and 6-7 rays; adipose very short; anal fin very long; ventrals behind the vertical from the dorsal, the inner rays adnate to sides for at least half their length; no humeral process; lateral line zigzag, with many branches given off at the angles; occipital process united to the dorsal plate.
101. AGENEIOSUS UCAYALENSIS Castelnau AgeneiosusucayalensisCastelnau,1855,Anim.Amér.Sud,Poiss.,49,pl.xvii,fig.2,Ucayali; BKigenmannandEigenmann,1888,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sei.,(2),I,150; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 306; Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,397. Peruvian Amazon 15784,4,110-260mm.,LagoCashiboya,Allen,August1920.
15785,2,168-200mm.,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920.
15911,1,102mm.,Pebas,Peru,Steere,specimentooJuvenileforaccuratedetermination,probably belongs here.
Our Cashiboya specimens may be described as follows: Head 4 in the length to the end of the middle caudal rays; greatest width, at pectoral basis, 1.6 in the length of the head; greatest depth, at origin of anal, 1.4 in the head; eye 6.5 in the head, 3.4 in the interorbital space. Head extremely flattened and spatulate toward anterior, its dorsal and ventral profiles straight, its greatest depth at occiput 2.4 in the length of the head; body becoming extremely compressed, narrowing from its greatest width at the midpectoral level, which is equal to the interorbital space, and 1.2 in the depth at the same point; width of caudal peduncle 2 in its elevation; both dorsal and ventral profiles moderately convex.
Mouth very wide and inferior, gape exceeding the inferior interorbital space and equalling that of the dorsal interorbital; eye lateral, moderate, slightly exserted on the rounded lateral angle of the head. Premaxillary broadly extended by a distance equal to the diameter of the eye, and, together with the mandible, thickly set with minute recurved teeth in a band; the mandibular band one fourth as wide as the length of the mandible. Inferior portion of gill membrane much
138 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA greater than the superior, containing the latter 1.6 times; confluent with the isthmus; a series of fine, deep lamellae on the throat merging into the branchiostegals laterally; maxillary barbel minute, contained within the fold of the premaxillary, and reaching only half way to the extremity of the latter. Dorsal fin far forward, the distance of its origin from the snout 3.6 in the length to the end of the middle caudal rays, its spine finely serrate on the anterior border; pectoral strongly exserted on the lateral angle of the head, not reaching the broad ventrals by one third of their length, the spine with small retrorse hooks on the posterior border; anal very long, having 40 rays, its basis equal to the distance of the origin of the dorsal from the snout; adipose remote and short, slightly forward of end of anal, and nearly twice as far from the dorsal basis as from the tip of the middle caudal rays; caudal broad and deeply forked. Belly white; general ground color shades of saffron; black blotches across the narrow back merging into a black line at the adipose which extends along the bases of the rays of the upper caudal lobe; black blotches on occiput unite backward to form a black streamer below each side of the dorsal fin; forward a black line along each side of the fontanel, diverging along the bony crests to the snout, just within the nares.
102. AGENEIOSUS BREVIFILIS Cuvier and Valenciennes Ageneiosus brevifilis Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 242, Cayenne; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 192; Giinther,1868,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,229,Xeberos; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 676, Peruvian Amazon; KigenmannandEKigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,309. PseudageneiosusbrevifilisBleeker,1864,Nat.Verh.Holl.Wetensch.,(2),XX,88,pl.xvi,fig.1. Ageneiosus(Pseudagenetosus)brevifilisEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia, III,397.
The Guianas to the Amazons and Rio Paraguay 15655,3,197-294mm.,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920.
15786,1,264mm.,Manaos,Allen,December,1920.
15959,3,188-240mm.,Iquitos,Morris,1922.
= , 1, 193 mm., Iquitos, J. C. Bradley, 1920.
Morris’s specimens show the caudal obliquely truncate; back broader than usual.
Genus 50: TYMPANOPLEURA Eigenmann TympanopleuraEigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,203.
Type: Tympanopleura piperata Eigenmann British Guiana and Peru The genus Tympanopleura differs distinctly from Ageneiosus, with which it is closely related. The air bladder is large and fills the abdominal cavity from side to side, forming the large pseudo-tympanum laterally; snout short, profile concave; the dorsal and pectoral spines are pungent and serrate on the posterior face.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 139 103. TYMPANOPLEURA NIGRICOLLIS Eigenmann and Allen, sp. nov. Plate V, figs. 2 and 3; plate VI, fig. 3 15788,1,male,type,106mm.totipofuppercaudallobe,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920. 15788,3,females,paratypes,65-117mm.,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920. 15789, 1, female, paratype, 95 mm., Rio Ucayali near Orellana, Allen, August, 1920. Related to T. polystictus (Steindachner) and T. rondoni (Ribeiro), both of which are probably members of the genus T'ympanopleura rather than Ageneiosus. Head to end of bony opercle 3.2-3.5 in the length; depth 5.0-5.5; D. I, 6; A. 26-28; head wedge-shaped, slightly concave behind the eye; eye about 1.6 in the snout, about 4.5 in the head, about 3 in the width of the head, width of rictus about equal to snout and eye; length of gape about 8 in the width of the rictus: snout broad, semicircular; maxillary barbel of male osseous to beyond the rictus, equal to length of eye; the barbel fleshy in female; upper jaw slightly projecting all round; depth of premaxillary band of teeth about 4 of eye; profile but slightly concave; occipital process at its base about equal to its length. Pectoral not reaching to the ventral, the spine about equal to the snout and eye, the front of the spine roughened, with less than 20 serrae on the posterior face, largest at about the middle of the spine; dorsal spine similar, a little longer, the serrae not so high; caudal forked; anal low, not faleate; origin of anal about equidistant from base of middle caudal ray and pectoral spine; ventral reaching beyond origin of anal, less than pectoral spine.
Lower surface of head between rami of the Jaws black; a dark area forward from pectoral, another forward from ventral; edge of lower jaw dark; side above anal dark; a light band from lower caudal lobe up and forward to the eye; upper part of head and back to caudal dark; a dark area along base of caudal; fins dusky, upper part of sides light, at times a dark streak along the lateral line. Air bladder very large, nearly as long as snout and eye, with two coeca longer than pupil.
104. TYMPANOPLEURA ALTA Eigenmann and Myers s Plate VI, fig. 4 Tympanopleura alta Eigenmann and Myers, in Myers, 1928, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10), IT, 85. 15790,1,182mm.,type,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920.
15977,1,128mm.,paratype,Iquitos,Morris,1922.
Head 3.0-3.2; depth 44.5; D. I, 6; A. 32; eye 2.5-3 in the snout, 5.5-7 in the head, 3.5 in interorbital; barbel very small (female only) scarcely reaching to rictus; length of gape equals half the width between rictus and rictus; width of head less than width in front of pectorals; snout pointed, upper jaw projecting considerably beyond the lower jaw; depth of premaxillary band of teeth about 2 in eye; profile very concave (the concavity is a little greater than in drawing); fontanel reaching to near middle of eye; width of occipital process about equal to its length. Pectoral reaching beyond origin of ventral; pectoral spine a little longer than snout and eye, the outer edge rugose, the inner edge with numerous (over 30)
140 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA serrae; dorsal spine smooth anteriorly, similar to the pectoral spine, slightly shorter, its distance from snout 2.33 in standard length; caudal deeply forked; origin of the anal nearer base of middle caudal ray than to origin of pectoral spine; edge of anal not faleate; ventral reaching beyond origin of anal. Lower side of head and belly white; sides and back dusky; anterior half of pectoral black; ventrals dark; tip and anterior half of dorsal dark; caudal unmarked; tympanum slightly shaded; dark area across frontal. Air bladder nearly as long as snout; no coeca.
Family VI: Hypophthalmidae Nematognath fishes with divided vestigial air bladder, a lobe on either side of the Weberian apparatus, and enclosed by a capsule of bone which is formed of (a) the lateral processes of the fused vertebrae, (b) the scapula, and (c) the processes connecting the scapula with the basioccipital. The external opening of the capsule is enclosed by the scapula and the lateral processes. Dorsal fin on the anterior half of the body and over the very long anal, which has its origin near the origin of the second third of the body. The eye very low, the optic nerve descending to the eye beneath the skin. Gill membranes free. Genus 51: HYPOPHTHALMUS Spix HypophthalmusSpix,1829,Sel.Gen.etSpec.Pisce.Bras.,16,pl.ix,sp.; Bleeker,1863,Nederl.Tijdsch.Dierk.,I,109,edentatus; BHigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sei.,I,313; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 398; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,208.
Type: Hypophthalmus edentatus Spix The Amazons and northward Jaws and vomer edentulous; eye posterior to and lower than the rictus; adipose small; dorsal fin short, with a slightly spinous ray inserted posterior to the level of the ventrals; anal long; premaxillary very small; barbels six, conspicuous; gillopenings wide and nearly reaching the symphysis; ventrals with six rays; branchiostegals 13-14; gill-rakers long and slender; first two gill-arches with a single series of rakers and a broad membrane; fourth gill-arch free. 105. HypopHTHALMUS EDENTATUS Spix HypophthalmusedentatusSpix,1829,Sel.Gen.etSpec.Pisc.Bras.,16,pl.ix,equatorialBrazil; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 67; Cope, 1878, Proe. Amer. Phil. Soe., XVII, 673, Peruvian Amazon; EKigenmannandHigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,313; Higenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 398; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,209; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 232, Contamana, two.