ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 285 Type: Pterohemiodus atranalis Fowler Contamana, Bajo Ucayali Scales below lateral line similar to those above it; scales of larger size than in Hemiodus; dorsal fin much longer than the head, which is moderate in size, snout short, pointed; eye large, little forward of center of head; mouth small, terminal; upper jaw with a row of weak, flat, crenate teeth; mandible edentulous; nares small, approximated, advanced on snout; gill-rakers fine, weak, short; caudal peduncle moderate; caudal fin deeply forked, much exceeding the head in length. 373. PreROHEMIODUS ATRANALIS Fowler Pterohemiodus atranalis Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 258, fig. 57. Range identical with that of genus Known from the three types in the museum of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, 80-120 mm.
Genus 152: ANISITSIA Eigenmann Anisitsia Figenmann, 1903, Smithson. Mise. Coll., XLV, 144; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 423; Nigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 277. Type: Anodus notatus Schomburgk Guianas to Peru and Rio Paraguay Similar in form to Anodus, with scales increasing in size and decreasing in number from the lateral line downward; fontanels large, Hemiodus-like; mandible edentulous; teeth of upper jaw in a crescent series. 374. ANISITSIA AMAZONUM (Humboldt) CurimatusamazonumHumboldt,1821,Obs.Zool.,II,165. Hemiodus amazonum Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 49. AnisitsiaamazonumEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IT,423. The Amazons UP , Gosulimacocha, Allen, October, 1920. Subfamily: PARODONTINAE Genus 153: PARODON Cuvier and Valenciennes Parodon Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XXII, 50; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 422; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 274. Type: Parodon suborbitalis Cuvier and Valenciennes Colombia to Rios Sao Francisco and La Plata
286 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Mouth inferior, cutting edge of pluricuspid teeth of the upper jaw forming a straight transverse line; lower teeth consisting at most of 1-3 truncate incisors, curved outward, on the inner side of an ampulla; gill-membranes united and free from the isthmus.
375. PARODON BUCKLEY! Boulenger ParodonbuckleyiBoulenger,1887,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,279,pl.xxiii,fig.1; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 423. Eastern Ecuador Known from the type, a single specimen taken at Canelos, as a part of the Buckley collection.
Genus 154: APAREIODON Eigenmann ApareiodonEigenmann,1916,Ann.CarnegieMus.,X,71; BKigenmann,1922,Mem.CarnegieMus.,IX,109.
Type: Parodon piracicabae Kigenmann Panama to northern Peru, chiefly on Pacific slopes Differing from Parodon chiefly in the consistent freedom of the sides of the mandible from teeth, ampulla small; alike in the rod-shaped proximal portion, and double-bladed distal portion of the mandible, and in the transverse cutting edge of the upper teeth, which are small at the base, horizontal, and tapering to a pectinate distal end.
376. APAREIODON PONGOENSE Allen, sp. nov.
Plate XIV, fig. 7 ———., 4, 49-70 mm., type 67 mm., and three paratypes, forest brook, foothills at Pongo de Manseriche,Allen,October,1920.
Near A. itapicuruensis Eigenmann, differing in the greater number of premaxillary teeth and slight differences in scales and finrays; subacute caudal lobes. Of similar general form to A. ecwadorensis and terminalis, more like the former in the inferior mouth; differing from both in the size and position of fins, in the similarity of the maxillary to the premaxillary teeth, in the shorter head and greater depth, and greater number of scale rows below the lateral line. Head 4.4—4.8; depth 4.5-4.6; D. 12; A. 8; P. 18; scales 4—49—4 or 5; eye 1.3 in the snout, 3.4 in the head, 1.3 in the interorbital. Subcylindrical, elongate; dorsal profile moderately convex, ventral profile nearly straight to slightly curved; spindle-shaped forward to snout; regularly more and more compressed toward the caudal fin; preventral area more or less flattened, having a median series of 19-20 scales; rounded predorsal with a median series of 12-13 scales.
Mouth small and decidedly inferior; premaxillary with eight incisor teeth, narrowly rooted, broad at cusps, turned back nearly horizontally at apices, exposed
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 287 externally, and forming a straight line closely fitting the straight, untoothed edge of the mandible; each maxillary tooth with about 10-11 minute, dark-colored, digitlike denticles, forming the cutting edge; maxillary teeth about two each side, curved too far medially to be in line with the premanxillary teeth, smaller, with fewer denticles. Mandible with anterior margin narrow, straight, its ramus constricted midway, spatulate, edentulous, weak; gill-rakers fine, close-set, curved, short, 19 on lower arch.
Origin of dorsal fin equidistant from end of snout and distal end of adipose fin, or nearer to snout; dorsal fin short and low, its height 5.4 in the standard length; adipose feebly developed; caudal fin moderate, 5.3 in the length; anal low, broad, sub-triangular, 7 in the length; ventrals directly beneath the dorsal, tips not quite reaching the vertical from the tip of dorsal; pectorals broad, tips separated from the origin of the ventrals by four scale-rows; paired fins low and horizontal as in benthic types generally.
Lateral line straight; scales with three or more radials; edges turned sharply outward, outlining each scale with a pronounced epidermal eminence; axillary scales well developed; fins naked except caudal, whose lobes have 4-5 rows each of scales, diminishing in number and increasing in size to a single large scale (or two) midway on the lobes.
A dark band originates on the snout, encloses the nares and the eye, becomes fainter on the opercle, continues darkly along the lateral line 14 scale-rows in width, to the end of the middle caudal rays, expanding in older specimens to the proximal half of the first half-dozen rays of the lower lobe; diffuses in the lower lobe to numerous, minute, irregular chromatophores. A second band arises above the eye and passes about one scale’s width at a scale’s distance below the dorsal fin, uniting with the corresponding band of the opposite side at the adipose, along the median seales to the caudal fin, there diffusing downward a little way into the dorsal lobe. A third band runs medially from the occiput to embrace the dorsal basis. A faint patch on the base of the lowest caudal rays; areas between the bands a dull, brassy yellow (alcohol), without markings on the lower sides, but upward from the lateral line sprinkled with scattered chromatophores, finely dotted along the radials of the scales.
The name is in reference to the only known locality, a small woodland stream opposite Puerto Melendez, just below the Pongo de Manseriche, where the Peruvian Amazon bursts through its last mountain barrier into the lowlands, at about 1500 feet elevation. (Pronounced mahn-say-reé-chay.)
Subfamily: NANNOSTOMATINAE Minute fishes having broad teeth with equal points and equal jaws; skull truncate; occipital process wanting; no fontanel, lateral line, or adipose fin. Genus 155: POECILOBRYCON Eigenmann Poecilobrycon Eigenmann, 1909, Ann. Carnegie Mus., VI, 43; Jigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 427; Rigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,283.
288 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Type: Poecilobrycon harrisont Eigenmann British Guiana and Amazons Skull truncate, without either crest or fontanel; lateral line wanting; teeth broadly tipped and five-pointed.
377. POECILOBRYCON EQUES (Steindachner) Nannostomus eques Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. Kix. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XIV, 78, fig. 3. PoecilobryconequesEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,427. Peruvian Amazon Genus 156: CHARACIDIUM Reinhardt CharacidiumReinhardt,1866,Overs.Dansk.Forh.Kjébenhavn,56,pl.11,figs.1and2; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 427; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 288. ChorimycterusCope,1894,Amer.Nat.,XLVIII,67,tenwis. NanognathusBoulenger,1895,Boll.Mus.Zool.Torino,X,196,3,borellz. PoecilosomatopsFowler,1906(1907),Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,LXNVITI,323,Characidiumetheostoma.
Type: Characidium fasciatum Reinhardt Orinoco and Guianas southward to Sao Francisco and La Plata Premaxillary and dentary each bearing a single series of conical or trituberculate teeth; no frontal fontanel, a small, circular occipital fontanel; triangular oceipital process; adipose fin present; complete lateral line. 378. CHARACIDIUM FASCIATUM Reinhardt Characidium fasciatum Reinhardt, 1866, Overs. Dansk. Forh. Kjébenhavn, 56, pl. ii, figs. 1 and 2; Steindachner, 1882, Sitzb. KIx., Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XXII, 19, Canelos; Boulenger, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 280, Sarayacu, four; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 427. Orinoco basin southward to La Plata 379. CHARACIDIUM ETHEOSTOMA Cope Characidium etheostoma Cope, 1871 (1872), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 259, pl. xin, fig. 3, R.Ambyiacu,Hauxwell; Higenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 427. Characidium(Poecilosomatops)etheostomaFowler,1906(1907),Proce.Acad.Nat.Sei.Phila.,LX-VITT, O2omiiomlise Rio Ambyiacu 380. CHARACIDIUM STEINDACHNERI Cope CharacidiumsteindachneriCope,1878,Proc.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XVII,688,PeruvianAmazon,Orton collection;
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 289 Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proe. Acad. Nat. Sei Phila., LVIII, 325: Higenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 427. Peruvian Amazon Highth Division—A nostomatine Group of Subfamilies Subfamily: CURIMATINAE Genus 157: POTAMORHINA Cope Potamorhina Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soe., XVII, 685, Maranon; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 411; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 420. Type: Curimatus pristigaster Steindachner Amazons from the Andes to Rio Negro A Curimatus with clupeoid form of belly, breast strongly flattened, predorsal area without scales, scales small.
381. POTAMORHINA PRISTIGASTER (Steindachner) CurimmatuspristigasterSteindachner,1876,Sitzb.KK.Akad.Wiss.Wien,LX-XIV,25,pl.vi. Potamorhina pristigaster Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 685, Rio Maranon, Orton collection; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 411; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 306; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 420. Rios Negro, Solimdes, Maranon 15665,1,195mm.,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920.
Genus 158: PSECTROGASTER Eigenmann and EKigenmann PsectrogasterEigenmannandEigenmann,1889,West.Amer.Sci.,VI,7; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 412; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 46; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 420. Type: Psectrogaster rhomboides Eigenmann and EKigenmann Rio Paraguay northward Edentulous; postventral area trenchant, the scales of each side with a flange enclosing the ventral line, and terminating in a median spinous process; preventral area rounded; predorsal scaled; scales large, 50-60 on the lateral line. 382. PSECTROGASTER AMAZONICUS Eigenmann and Eigenmann PsectrogasteramazonicaBigenmannandHKigenmann,1889,Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sei.,TV,413; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV, 46. PsectrogasteramazonicusEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,420. PsectrogasterciliatusFowler,1906(1907),Proce.Acad.Nat.Sei.Phila.,LVIII,305.
290 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA The Amazons 15824,17,105-172mm.,LagoSanango,Allen,November,1920.
15834, , , Rio Paranapura, Allen, November, 1920.
15838,15,112-140mm.,RioNanay,Allen,September,1920.
17846,65,66-140mm.,LagoCashiboya,Allen,August,1920.
17847, 2, 120 and 127 mm., Rio Ucayali, Orellana, Allen, August, 1920. 17849, 5, 67-108 mm., Rio Ucayali, Contamana, Allen, August, 1920. 17852,1,113mm.,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920.
The ripe females are of much deeper form than the males. The depth contained in the length of two individuals which were about equal in length: #3 Qg 2.15; in number 15838, depth 2.36-3.40.
Some individuals have a dark area near the extremity of each caudal lobe, others not. Dorsal truncate, the longest ray of the depressed fin extending beyond the tip of the last; anal truncate; preventral area rounded; air bladder extending to the posterior end of the anal fin; origin of the dorsal midway between end of snout and tip of adipose fin; origin of ventrals nearer end of snout than to the origin of the caudal fin.
383. PSECTROGASTER CISANDINUS Allen, sp. nov.
Plate XIV, fig. 3 15834,1,185mm.,RioParanapura,Allen,November,1920.
15837, 2, 102 and 106 mm., Rio Nanay, Iquitos, Allen, September, 1920. 17850,3,67-146mm.,thelargestthetype,Iquitos,Morris,1922. 17851,2,102and103mm.,LagoCashiboya,Allen,August,1920. 15842, , , Rio Paranapura, Yurimaguas, Allen, November, 1920. Readily separated from the nearby P. amazonicus by the greater fin length, the strong lateral keels of the preventral region, the greater general angularity, strongly inferior mouth, low lateral line.
Head 3.0-3.3; depth 2.5-2.7; D. 2.6—2.8 in the length, rays 10-11; A. 13-14; scales 10-14, 538-55, 6; eye 3.0-3.3; interorbital 2.3. Dorsal curvature greater, and not nearly so regular as the ventral; depressed above the eye; fontanel furrow long, narrow, less than pupillary diameter; occipital process sub-triangular, equal in length to fontanel; predorsal region slightly acute, partly with median scales, moderately compressed; dorsal fin shghtly interrupting the dorsal line. Venter broad, laterally keeled; postventral moderately trenchant, with 8-9 median scales, scales ridged in median line, not spinous; anal slightly set into ventral contour.
Dorsal fin erect, triangular, its last rays one-fourth to one-third the length of the first; pectoral variable, sometimes overlapping first fifth of the ventral fin, sometimes failing somewhat to reach it; ventrals variable, but usually more than reaching anus; anal emarginate, its first rays the longest, graduated down; caudal forked about half its entire length.
Snout prolonged, mouth inferior, its width not exceeding snout measured from the orbit; without teeth; gill-rakers soft, widely spaced, about ten in each series, becoming elongate ventrally.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 291 Seales smallest on nape, progressively larger ventrally, finely crenulate along their entire margins.
Color rich, golden, iridescent yellow, darkened toward the mid-dorsal line; markings limited to a few ashen or dusky areas on the dorsal line and extremities of the fins.
Genus 159: CURIMATELLA Eigenmann and Eigenmann Curimatella Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 415; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 420; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 262. Type: Curimatella lepidurus Eigenmann and Eigenmann Peru and Guiana to Rios Paraguay and Sao Francisco A Curimatus having caudal lobes covered with scales to their extremities; tongue with free margins; lateral line complete; teeth lacking. 384. CURIMATELLA MEYERI (Steindachner) Curimatus meyeri Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 11, pl. i, fig.4,RioHuallaga,one,130mm.
Curimatus (Curimatella) meyeri Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 418. CurimatellameyeriFowler,1906(1907),Proce.Acad.Nat.Sei.Phila.,LVIII,296,PeruvianAmazon, Orton collection ; Higenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,420; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 252, six, 125-175 mm., Contamana. Peruvian Amazons 385. CURIMATELLA ALBURNA (Miiller and Troschel) Anodus alburnus Miller and Troschel, 1845, Horae Ichth., I and II, 26, pl. iv, fig. 3, British Guiana. Curimatus alburnus Kner, 1859, Denksch. KIk. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XVII, 144, Rio Guaporé and Matto Grosso; Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. Kk. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XIV, 33, Teffé; Steindachner, 1881, Denksch. Kx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLIII, 36; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1889, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 418; EKigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 46; Pellegrin, 1899, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., V, 157; FRigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,420; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 262. Curimatella alburnus Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., LVIII, 297, Surinam; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 251, fig. 52, two, 84 and 87 mm., Contamana.
The Guianas to Peru, Rio Guaporé, and Rio Paraguay 17848,8,95-108mm.,pond,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920. Fowler’s informants have collected the name Gordillo, which is the equivalent of “Fatty”, for the species.
292 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Very similar to the Guiana specimens of C. alburna; lacks about one in all scale and finray counts; faint indication of black on base of the caudal fin, which may indicate identity with Pellegrin’s subspecies caudimaculata. Fowler says in his Contamana specimens the ventrals do reach and pass the vent. Genus 160: CURIMATA Walbaum Curimata Walbaum, 1792, Artedi Pisc., 80; Jordan, Evermann, and Clark, 1928 (1930), Rept. U.S. Comm. Fish., Part IT, 100. Les Curimates Cuvier, 1815, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat., I, 109, French name without types or description; Cuvier,1817,RégneAnim.,165,asabove.
CurimatusOken,1817,Isis,1182,supplvingthedeficienciesofCuvier; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XXII, 4; Higenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sei., IV, 15; Higenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 47; Migenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, ITT, 421; Kigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 263; Bigenmann, 1922, Mem. Carnegie Mus., [X, 100.
Type: Salmo marcgravii Walbaum = Salmo cyprinoides Linnaeus Panama throughout the Atlantic drainage to Argentina, and West Coast to Peru Without teeth; caudal not scaled; lateral line complete; scales moderate to large; gill-rakers short; belly rounded or flat, and without spines; tongue short, thick, adnate; mouth horizontal, or but little oblique. 386. CURIMATA SPILURA Gunther Curimatus spilurus Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 288, Essequibo; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 684, Peruvian Amazon; Eigenmann and Kigenmann, 1889, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 419; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 47; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 421; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 263. :
Curimata (Cyphocharax) spilura Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., LVIIT, 297, fig. 4,PeruvianAmazon.
Orinoco and Guianas to Paraguay system 387. CURIMATA NASA Steindachner Curimatus nasus Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KIX. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 20, pl. va fig.2,Canelos; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 421. Canelos, Ecuador 388. CuRIMATA BIMACULATA Steindachner Curimatus bimaculatus Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. IIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XTV, 28, Hvavarv: ‘igenmann and Kigenmann, 1889, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 422; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 421.