ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 173 146. DrcarOGON ADSPERSUM (Steindachner) Callichthys adspersus Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XIV, 87, pl. xi, figs. 2 and 2b, Tabatinga to Porto do Moz.
DecapogonadspersusKigenmannandEigenmann,1888,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sci.,(2),I,165. DecapogonadspersumEKigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Oce.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,461. DianemalongibarbisGosline,1940,StanfordIchth.Bull.,IT,1,9. Rio Huallaga to Santarem and Porto do Moz 15709, , Iquitos, Allen, 1920.
15706, 4, 93-110 mm., Yurimaguas, Allen, November, 1920. 16129,1,120mm.,brooknearRioItaya,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920. Genus 68: CORYDORAS Lacépéde CorydorasLacépéde,1803,Hist.Nat.Poiss.,V,145,geoffroyz=punctatus; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Oce. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 465; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 402; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 219; Myers (Gosline), 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 10, 11. Hoplisoma Swainson, 1839, Fish. Amph. Rept., II, 304, punctata. Hoplosoma Gill, 1858, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VI, 402, punctata. GasterodermusCope,1878,Proc.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XVIT,681. Type: Corydoras geoffroyi Lacépéde The Guianas to the Argentine Resembling Brochis in the narrow occipital process which extends to the dorsal plate, but having only 6-8 rays in the dorsal compared with 10-11 found in that genus.
Suture between coracoid and humeral processes extending from the large pectoral pore obliquely downward and backward to the ventral margin of the pectoral armature; dorsal and pectoral spines long, pungent, their outer surfaces smooth.
147. CorypoRAS AENEUS (Gill) Hoplosoma aeneum Gill, 1858, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VI, 48, Trinidad. Callichthys aeneus Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 230. Corydoras aeneus Jordan, 1886, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., [X, 560; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 471; figenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 403; Regan, 1912, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), X, 218; Ellis, 1913, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VIII, 404; Marherr, 1937, Bl. Aquar.-Terrar. Stuttgart, XLVIII, 240; Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 19. Trinidad to Rio Pichis, Peru, Matto Grosso and Bolivia 16165, 18, 38-57 mm., Puerto Bermudez, R. Pichis, Allen, July, 1920. Apparently identical with Gill’s specimens from Trinidad, and although unreported from intermediate points, have been reported from Bolivia and Matto Grosso. Mrs. Ellis, however, found that her three specimens of aeneus from Trini-
174 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA dad were nearer C. venezuelanus von Ihring than to his description of C. aeneus. “The specimens from which aeneus was described were 63.5 to 101.6 mm., those from which venezuelanus was described were 35-45 mm., which may account for the variation in proportion of height to length found by the two authors.” Mrs. Ellis’s three specimens were 60-80 mm.
Gill’s aeneus had the greatest height less than one fifth the total length, venezuelanus is described as having the height 2.66 in the length to the base of the caudal fin; the interorbital space in the former is less than the snout, in the latter greater than the length of the snout.
My material from the foothills of the Peruvian Andes is as follows: D. 1,8; A. I, 7; interorbital 2 or more in the head; depth 3.0-8.3 in the length; barbel to or not to gill-opening; eye 2.25—2.5 in the interorbital, 4-5 in the head; 5-6 azygous plates in front of the adipose; humeral plate and streak from it backward dark, fading out before reaching caudal;streak along middle of back dark, with a lighter line separating it from the previously-named dark areas. 99-95 Plates: 9272" 148. CorypDORAS ARMATUS (Ginther) Callichthys armatus Giinther, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 230, fig. 1, three, types, 160 mm., Xeberos; seven, 55 mm., R. Huallaga.
Corydoras armatus Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., X XIII, 282, Rio Huallaga, Xeberos; Cope, 1874, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XX VI, 135, Nauta; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 166; Bigenmann and Kigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 471; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, HI, 403; Regan, 1912, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), X, 215; Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., Il, 1, 19.
GasterodermusarmatusCope,1878,Proc.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XVII,681,Nauta. Peruvian Amazon and tributaries; Rio Jurud 149. CoRYDORAS ELEGANS Steindachner Corydoras elegans Steindachner, 1876, Sitab. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XIV, 93, Cudajas, Teffé; EigenmannandEKigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,469; Regan, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), XII, 281, Rio Ucayali; Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 19.
Ucayali and Solimoes rivers 150. CoryDORAS AMBIACUS Cope Corydoras ambiacus Cope, 1872 (1871), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXIV, 280, Rio Ambyiacu; Fowler,1915,Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,LXVII,232,typesofbothambiacusandtrilineatus Cope; Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 19.
Corydoras trilineatus Cope, 1871 (1872), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XXIV, 281, pl. vi, fig. 2, RioAmbyiacu;
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 175 KigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Oec.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,473; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 403; Regan, 1912, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), X, 215. Basin of Rio Maranon 151. CoryporAs AcuTus Cope Corydoras acutus Cope, 1871 (1872), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XXIV, 281, Rio Ambyiacu; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Oce. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., 1, 474; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 403; Ellis, 1913, Ann. Carnegie Mus., VIII, 407; Gosline, 1940, Stanford Iehth. Bull., II, 1, 16. Rio Ambyiacu 152. CORYDORAS AMPHIBELUS Cope Corydoras amphibelus Cope, 1871 (1872), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XXIV, 282, Rio Ambyiacu; EigenmannandHigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sei.,I,474; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 403; Ellis, 1918, Ann. Carnegie Mus., VIII, 408. Corydoras armatus Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 19. Rio Ambyiacu 153. CoRYDORAS PALEATUS (Jenyns) Callichthys punctatus Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 318; Valenciennes, 1847, Voy. Amer. Merid., LX, Atlas ii, pl. v, fig. 1. Callichthys paleatus Jenyns, 1842, Voy. Beagle, IV, 113; Ginther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 230. Corydoras paleatus Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X XIII, 280; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1890, Oce. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 471; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 403; Stoye,1934,Aquarium,12-14,sourceunknown.
Rio de la Plata basin and Rio Ambyiacu The aquarium habits and spawning are described by Mr. Stoye, and_ his article is illustrated by an excellent photograph from life. 154. Coryporas zyGcatus Eigenmann and Allen, sp. nov. Plate XII, fig. 1 15704,8,55-77mm.,thelargestthetype,creek,Yurimaguas,Allen,November,1920. Alhed to C. macrosteus and C. eques, with lateral plates more numerous and with less vertical profile.
Humeral plates in contact, at least in front. Preorbital not equal to its distance from the lips.
Head 3.25; depth 2.66; D. I, 7 or I, 8; A. 6; plates 24 above, 21 below; one
176 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA specimen with 3, four with 4, two with 5, and one with 6 plates in front of the adipose; snout longer than the rest of the head; interorbital 2.0 to 2.3 in the head; eye 4.0-4.5 in the head; preorbital about two in its distance from the edge of the ~ . ee Fie. 21. A natural bait. A termites’ nest cut open with machete.Suchnests,foundinmostsectionsofthetropicallowlands abovethelevelofinundation,affordaconvenientmeansoflearning whetherapoolcontainsfish.Piecesofthenest,crumbledintothe water with their termite larvae, are a great attraction to them. TheinhabitantsofLoretooftenfeedtheirchickensthesameconvenient protein food.
lip; occipital process tapering, its margin concave; humeral plates in contact for most of their length in the largest, a less distance in the smaller; barbels reaching gill-openings; dorsal spine about 1.5 in the head; pectoral spine longer, equal to
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES LAP snout and eye or a little more, reaching ventrals or farther; humeral plates separated from ventrals by one plate; caudal deeply forked, the upper lobe longer. Adipose spine conical, sharp, more than 2 in dorsal spine. Somewhat longer behind dorsal spine than before; caudal peduncle equal to snout.
Mouth moderate, lobes of lower lip somewhat prolonged, acute, suggesting a barbel.
A black band across the nape and back along the sides, following the middle of the upper series of plates, to the scales at the base of the upper lobe of the caudal, and continued faintly along middle caudal rays. No other markings except a cloudy line along the spines of fins and a faint dark area on the middle of the sides, even with the distal half of the pectoral.
155. CoRYDORAS STENOCEPHALUS Eigenmann and Allen, sp. nov. Plate XII, fig. 2 15817, 1, 59 mm., type, Yarinacocha, Allen, September, 1920. Near C. armatus; differs in its greater depth; dorsal basis longer than its distance from origin of adipose; snout greatly prolonged. Head 3, depth 2.66; D. I, 8; A. I, 7; plates 23 above, 20 below; interorbital 3 in the head; snout three times as long as the postorbital part of the head; eye 4.3 in the head; fontanel broad and deep, its groove to the base of the occipital process, which is as broad as long and concave laterally; barbels reaching the vertical from the front margin of the eye; snout pointed, the suborbital reaching about one fourth of the space to the upper lip; dorsal spine nearly equals length of snout; base of dorsal equals its distance from the adipose plus half the adipose; three azygous plates; pectoral spine about equal to dorsal spine or longer; adipose spine elongated, 1.5 in the dorsal spine.
Somewhat longer behind dorsal spine than before; dorsal contour of head very convex, the apex a distinct transverse ridge between the fontanel and nares; mouth very narrow, width slightly less than orbit, about 5 in the length of the head. Anal notched into the ventral contour; caudal peduncle contracted in its depth to a measurement contained in the fontanel 1.25 times; humeral plates widely separated except at cephalic extremity.
In this specimen the lower lips prolonged into barbels, the right one shrunken, abnormal, and forked, forming a letter-Y.
156. Coryporas mEpiscop! Eigenmann and Allen, sp. nov.
Plate XII, fig. 3 15605, 1, 33 mm., type, Rio Morona, Allen, October, 1920. 15816,3,40-45mm.,paratypes,Yarinacocha,September,1920.
Similar to Corydoras acutus, differing in having about one more lateral plate of each series, dark area of dorsal covering distal ends of five rays, dark zigzag pencilling along contiguous margins of the lateral plates. Length to base of caudal 123 mm., head 8 mm., depth 10 mm., interorbital
178 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 4mm., eye 3 mm., height of dorsal 7 mm., dorsal spine 6 mm., pectoral spine 7 mm., pectoral ray 8 mm., ventral 6 mm., upper caudal lobe 10 mm.; plates 23 above, 20 below, fontanel short, not reaching base of occipital process. D. I, 7.5; A. I, 6.5; base of dorsal equal to its distance from the tip of the adipose; barbel not reaching gill opening; lower lip only slightly prolonged into an acute barbel-like tip; length before and behind dorsal spine the same; depth 2.4; adipose spine short and conical, equal to eye; caudal peduncle equal to length of snout; snout short, less than double the postorbital space, tending to be vertical, frontal elevated and convex; eye 1.7 in snout; anal slightly notched into ventral contour; pectoral reaching to last third or fourth of ventral; humeral plates narrow and widely separated entire length.
A dark spot on tip of dorsal, a line along the spine, a line along the margin of the fin, and the penultimate dorsal ray dark; adipose fin dusky behind the spine and in a submarginal band; six narrow dark lines across the caudal fin and its lobes; one or two similar lines across the anal; in the type a conspicuous black band (hooked in front) along the middle of the sides in a much wider colorless band; each scale above and below the band with a black vertical line; a black line along the base of dorsal fin; head with asymmetric vermiculating lines. In the paratypes the dark median line fades anteriorly, the vertical lines tending to break up into spots.
157. CoRYDORAS LEUCOMELAS Eigenmann and Allen, sp. nov.
Plate XII, fig. 4 15818, 1, 39 mm., type, Yarinacocha, Allen, September, 1920. Head 3; depth 2.5; D. I, 7.5; A. I, 6.5; plates 23 above, 20 below; interorbital 2.25 in the head; snout twice as long as the postorbital part of the head; dorsal contour of the head only moderately convex; eye 3.3 in the head; fontanel not reaching the base of the occipital process, which is oval and as long as broad; barbels just reaching the vertical from the anterior margin of the eye; mental barbels but slightly bifid; suborbital reaching about one fourth to the upper lip; dorsal spine greater than snout and eye; length before and behind dorsal spine the same; base of dorsal greater than its distance from the adipose; an azygous plate in front of the adipose; adipose spine conical, decurved, sharp-pointed, slightly exceeding the eye in length; pectoral reaching past the middle of ventral fin; pectoral spine a little longer than the dorsal spine; anal spine 2.5 in the longest anal rays; caudal peduncle narrow and elevated, only slightly exceeding snout; humeral plates widely separated, short, and subacute behind.
Dorsal mostly black, only the antepenultimate ray with its membranes and the tip of the preceding ray hyaline; caudal with two vertical bars and vertical series of spots, the first through the level of the tips of the middle rays; anal with a bar through its middle; sides with many spots, decreasing in size downward. Similar to C. punctatus in many respects; dorsal all dark except for the two penultimate rays and the tips of the two preceding; single azygous plate.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 179 Supplement to CORYDORAS 158. COoRYDORAS BERTONI Eigenmann, sp. nov. 15441, 1, type, 32 mm. to end of middle caudal rays, Puerto Bertoni, Alto Parana, Paraguay. Unusually slender with large fins.
23 , PA reaching the adipose, the spine slightly shorter than the pectoral spine, which is equal in length to the head; pectoral to within the width of a lateral plate from the tip of the ventrals; barbels to below the anterior edge of the eye; interorbital 2.5 in the head; eye 1.5 in the snout, 3.3 in the head, 1.3 in the interorbital space; preorbital very narrow, its width about 3 in its distance from the lip. Three azygous plates in front of the adipose.
Sides light, with numerous, irregular, dark, vertical spots; dorsal with two oblique bands; caudal with three cross bands; anal with a vertical band across anterior third; upper surfaces of pectoral and ventral faintly marked. For A. de W. Bertoni, the collector of the specimen. Depth and head about 3.25 in the length; plates Die Ie 5) dorsal Genus 69: DIANEMA Cope DianemaCope,1871,Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,276; Higenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 462; Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 9. Type: Dianema longibarbis Cope Rio Ambyiacu Separable from Hoplosternum and Decapogon in having one barbel at each rictus, and a pair of long barbels at the symphysis; the exposed coracoid joined to clavicle its entire length, and coracoid processes entirely covering breast and belly; lateral plates meeting and covering back and belly. Unlike Callichthys in not having coracoid enclosed by skin; differmg from Brochis and Corydoras in the two pairs of nuchal plates, where those genera have a narrow process reaching dorsal plate. Adipose dorsal with a spine.
159. DIANEMA LONGIBARBIS Cope Dianema longibarbis Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., X.XIII, 276, pl. vu, figs. la, 1b, and le,RioAmbyiacu; EigenmannandHigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,463; HKigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 402; Ellis, 1913, Ann. Carnegie Mus., VIII, 392; Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 9. Known only from a Rio Ambyiacu specimen of 90 mm. in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences Genus 70: BROCHIS Cope Brochis Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 277; HigenmannandHigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,463; Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 24.
180 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Type: Brochis coeruleus Cope Peruvian Amazon The ten to twelve dorsal rays separate the genus from the next, compared with its 6-8; they are allied in having the narrow occipital process reaching the dorsal plate.
160. BRocHIS COBRULEUS Cope Brochis coeruleus Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XXIII, 277, pl. vii, figs. 2a and 2b; pl. ix, fig. 3, R. Ambyiacu; Jigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 464; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 402; Gosline, 1940, Stanford. Iehth. Bull., I], 1, 24. Brochis dipterus Cope, 1871, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 278, Rio Ambyiacu; Ellis, 1913, Ann. Carnegie Mus., VIII, 394. Rio Ambyiacu, Peru Genus 71: CHAENOTHORAX Cope Chaenothorax Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., X VII, 679, Peruvian Amazon; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 402; Ellis, 1913, Ann. Carnegie Mus., VIII, 392. Brochis Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 463, (in part) ; Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 24. Type: Chaenothorax bicarinatus Cope Peruvian Amazonia Similar to Brochis in the character of the occipital process; differing in the short dorsal fin, having only 6-8 rays; exposed coracoid processes variable, but not enclosing the breast and belly entirely. 161. CHAENOTHORAX BICARINATUS Cope ChaenothoraxbicarinatusCope,1878,Proc.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XVII,679,PeruvianAmazon; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 402; Ellis, 1918, Ann. Carnegie Mus., VIII, 392. Brochis(Chaenothorax)bicarinatusEigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sei., I, 464.
Brochis coeruleus Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 24. Peruvian Amazon 162. CHAENOTHORAX SEMISCUTATUS (Cope) Corydoras semiscutatus Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X XIII, 280, pl. vi, figs. la and 1b, Rio Ambyiacu.
BrochissemiscutatusEigenmannandEigenmann,1888,Proc.Cal.Acad.Scei.,(2),I,165. Brochis(Chaenothorax)semiscutatusEigenmannandKigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci., I, 464.