ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 301 Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 12, Rio Huallaga, one specimen, 135 mm.; EigenmannandEKigenmann,1889,Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci.,[V,432. GasterotomuslatiorEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,422; Fowler,1939(1940),Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,XCI,257,three,101-212mm.,Contamana. Peruvian Amazon to Argentina, not coastal rivers, and to Surinam 15666,3,163-181mm.,LagoSanango,Allen,November,1920. 15822,3,170-179mm.,LagoSanango,Allen,November,1920. 17863,3,184-205mm.,RioUcayali,Contamana,Allen,August,1920. 17864,2,100and121mm.,LagoCashiboya,Allen,August,1920. The species may most readily be separated from laticeps by the fact that in the latter the venter is keeled from the origin of the ventral to the base of the anal, in latior from the pectoral region to the anal. I question the constancy of the scaled line of the predorsal area used in the keys. In most of the specimens of A. laticeps the predorsal is naked, but in some of them crowded closely with scales. In latior there are areas on the predorsal line in which the scales are rubbed off entirely, and in none is there complete scalation there.
Elongate, compressiform, entire venter trenchant and non-carinate; dorsal contours less rounded than in A. laticeps; scales small, thin, ctenoid; anterior profile not depressed; air bladder extending beyond the origin of the anal fin. The name Yulilla was collected for Stemdachner.
406. ANODUS ELONGATUS Spix AnoduselongatusSpix,1829,Sel.Gen.etSpec.Pisc.Bras.,57,pl.x1; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1889, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sei., IV, 411; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIIT, 306, fig. 9; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 420; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 251, fig. 51, six specimens, 234-264 mm.,BajoUcayaliriver.
CurimatuselongatusCuvierandValenciennes,1848,Hist.Nat.Poiss.,XXII,20. ElopomorphuselongatusSteindachner,1880(1881),Denksch.Kix.Akad.Wiss.Wien,XLIIT,38. ElopomorphusjordaniGill,1878,Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist.,(5),III,112. Anodus steatops Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 683, Rio Maranon, Orton collection; FKigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 411. The Amazons Genus 163: EIGENMANNINA Fowler Eigenmannina Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., LVITI, 307; Higenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,420. Type: Anodus melanopogon Cope Orinoco and Peruvian Amazon May be known for the extremely large head and opercle; dorsal profile decidedly concave; mandible strongly produced, mouth superior; eye dorsal to the center of the head; body heavy at the shoulder, tapering caudally.
302 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 407. EIGENMANNINA MELANOPOGON (Cope) Anodus melanopogon Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 682, Peruvian Amazon, Orton collection; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 411. Eigenmannina melanopogon Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 308. fig. i0; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 420. Peruvian Amazon Known from the types in the Philadelphia Academy Museum. Subfamily: ANOSTOMATINAE Anostomatidae Jordan, Evermann and Clark, 1928 (1930), Rept. U.S. Comm. Fish., Part IT, 100. Genus 164: LAEMOLYTA Cope Laemolyta Cope, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 258; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 425. Schizodontopsis Garman, 1890, Bull. Essex Inst., XXII, 19; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,298.
Type: Schizodon taeniatus Kner Orinoco and Amazon basins Teeth truncate in adult, mouth oblique.
408. LAEMOLYTA TAENIATA (IXner) SchizodontaentatusKner,1859,Denksch.IXIx.Akad.Wiss.Wien,XVIT,150; Ginther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 304. Laemolyta taeniala Cope, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 259, Rio Ambyiacu, Hauxwell collection; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 322; Higenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,ITT,425. Anostomus taeniatus Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. Kix. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 12, Rio Huallaga,three,115-120mm.
The Amazons The comprehensive name Lisa was reported to Stemdachner. Genus 165: ANOSTOMUS Gronow Anostomus Gronow, 1754, Mus. Ichth., I, 13, pl. vii, fig. 2; Gronow,1763,Zoophyl.,112; Scopoli,1777,Hist.Nat.,451; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 49; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 425; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,294; Borodin, 1931, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., LXN-XII, 37-52.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 303 Pithecocharax Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 319; Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,425. Type: Salmo anostomus Linnaeus Amazon basin northward Small to medium-sized fishes; snout elliptical to nearly circular in cross-section ; mouth minute, vertical; lips thick and plicate; about eight teeth above and below, respectively, bilobed to multilobed; gill-membrane united with the isthmus. 409. ANOSTOMUS TRIMACULATUS (Kner) Schizodon trimaculatus Kner, 1859, Denksch. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, X VII, 25, pl. vi, fig. 12; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVIT, 690, Maranon, Orton coll. AnostomustrimaculatusGiinther,1864,Cat.Fish.Brit.Mus.,V,304; Eigenmann and Kigenmann, 1891, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 50; Pellegrin, 1899, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., V, 406; Figenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,425; Figenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 295, pl. xh, fig. 2. Amazon basin and British Guiana 410. ANOSTOMUS UCAYALENSIS (Fowler) PithecocharaxucayalensisFowler,1906(1907),Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,LVITT,320; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 425. Peruvian Amazon or Ucayali Genus 166: SCHIZODON Agassiz Anostomus(inpart)Gronow,1754,Mus.Ichth.,IT,13. SchizodonAgassiz,1829,Sel.Gen.etSpec.Pisce.Bras.,66,pl.xxxvi; Zigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, II, 425; Migenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,297.
Type: Curimatus fasciatus Spix The Guianas to La Plata basin Anostomus-like, but with cross-section of snout region more decidedly elliptical; mouth terminal; mandibular teeth short and broad. 411. ScHIZODON FASCIATUM (Spix) Curimatus fasciatus Spix, 1829, Sel. Gen. et Spec. Pisc. Bras., pl. xxxvi. SchizodonfasciatusAgassiz,1829,Sel.Gen.etSpec.Pisc.Bras.,66; Cope, 1870, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XI, 566, Para; Cope, 1878, Proce. Amer. Phil. Soe., XVII, 689, Maranon, Orton coll.; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 322, Ambyiacu river, Hauxwell collection; Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,425; Higenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,297;
304 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XCI, 261, six, 109-220 mm., Contamana, Rio Ucayali.
Anostomus fasciatus Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 304; Cope, 1871 (1872), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 258, Rio Ambyiacu, Hauxwell collection; Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 12, Rio Huallaga, six, 125-230 mm.; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 50. Venezuela and the Amazons to the Rio Paraguay The vernacular name Huito-challua is assigned to this species by Steindachner; nulilla is Fowler’s name for it. The recurrence of the suffix challhua (fish) in so many of Steindachner’s names indicates the possibility that many of them may have been named by one person, possibly at one sitting. I did not find such usage common in the lowland country, although more prevalent in the mountain sections. Genus 167: RHYTIODUS Kner Rhytiodus Kner, 1859, Denksch. KKK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XVIT, 165; Higenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 425. GarmaninaFowler,1906(1907),Proc.Acad.Nat.Sei.,Phila.,LVIIT,326,argenteofuscus Type: Rhytiodus microlepis Kner Upper Amazon, Peru to Rio Negro Mouth small, terminal; teeth laminate; premaxillary convex before; maxillary teeth flexuose, bicuspid; head slightly depressed, body elongate, subterete; anal short; near Schizodon, separated by form of teeth, elongation of body, and broad depressed head.
412. RHyTIODUS MICROLEPIS Kner Rhytiodus microlepis Kner, 1859, Denksch. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XVII, 165, pl. 1, fig. 15, Rio Negro; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 326, Pebas; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 425; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XCI, 261. Rio Negro and Peruvian Amazon Within our area represented by three specimens in the Philadelphia Academy Museum, from Contamana, 153-212 mm. in length.
413. Ruyriopus ARGENTEOFUSCUS Kner Rhytiodus argenteofuscus Kner, 1859, Denksch. KIX. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XVIT, 166, Rio Negro; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIIT, 326; EKigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,425. Schizodon sagittarius Cope, 1878, Proe. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 689, Peruvian Amazon, Orton collection.
Maranon and Rio Negro
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 305 Genus 168: LEPORINUS Spix LeporinusSpix,1829,Sel.Gen.etSpec.Pise.Bras.,58; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 5 Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 4 Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,299.
Abramites Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 331. 9.
“; 26; Type: Leporinus novemfasciatus Agassiz All eastern slope streams Rio Magdalena to La Plata Separable by the moderately to greatly reduced dimensions of the head, which is cone-shaped; mouth minute with teeth reduced to not more than six in each jaw, and directed obliquely forward toward the middle; teeth lobed or truncate; nares widely separated.
These and related fishes known as lisa.
414. LeporiInus FRIDERICI (Bloch) Salmo friderici Bloch, 1795, Ausl. Fische, VIII, 78, pl. 378; BlochandSchneider,1801,Syst.Ichth.,401.
LeporinusfriderictMillerandTroschel,1845,HoraeIchth.,I,11; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1849, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X XII, 25; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 426; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 302, pl. xliii, fig. 4; Borodin, 1929, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., L, 275, Brazilian waters; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 261, one, 178 mm., Contamana, Morrow collection.
LeporinusfrederictCope,1870,Proc.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XI,566,Pebas,Hauxwellcollection; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 690, Marafion, Orton coll.; Pellegrin, 1899, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., V, 406; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 328. Leporinusmegalepis(inpart)Giinther,1868,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,244,one,6inches,Xeberos, Bartlett collection.
CurimatusacutidensValenciennes,1847,inD’Orb.Voy.Amér.Merid.,Poiss.,9,pl.viii,fig.1. Guianas and Venezuela to Peru and La Plata basin 415. LeEPORINUS BIMACULATUS Castelnau LeporinusbimaculatusCastelnau,1855,Anim.Amér.Sud,Poiss.,58; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 426. Leporinus frederict (in part) Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 690, Rio Maranon; Steindachner, (in part), 1875, Sitzb. KKK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XI, 223, Tabatinga. Peruvian and Brazilian Amazons 416. LeporInus srriatus Kner Leporinus striatus Kner, 1859, Denksch. KIX. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XVII, 171; Boulenger,1887,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,280; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 426. Magdalena to Peruvian Amazon and Rio Paraguay
306 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 417. Leporinus WoLre! Fowler Leporinus wolfei Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proce. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XCI, 261, fig. 58. Bajo Ucayali at Boca Chica Two specimens, type and paratype, 110 and 148 mm., in the Morrow collection at the Philadelphia Academy. Near L. alternans, but lacking the indistinct lighter bands which characterize that species. Thefishwhilenuzzlingitswaythroughthefenceagitatesthebrushandthusdirectstheaimofthefisherman’sharpoon. 418. LePpORINUS MULLERI Steindachner Leporinus miller? Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XIV, 105, pl. ix, fig. 5; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 426; Borodin, 1929, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., L, 281. Rios Orinoco, Solimoes, Maranon 419. LeportInus MEGALEPIS Giinther Leporinus megalepis Giinther, 1863, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3), XII, 443; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 307;
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 307 Giinther,1868,Proce.Zool.Soc.London,244,Xeberos,Bartlettcoll.,youngwithupperincisors distinctly notched ; Kigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,426. LeporinusmaculatusEigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,305(part). The Guianas, Peruvian Amazon, Rio de Janeiro 420. Lerorinus macunatus Miller and Troschel LeporinusmaculatusMiillerandTroschel,1845,HoraeIchth.,I,11,Guiana; Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X XIII, 259, R. Ambyiacu; Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,427; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 305, pl. xl, fig. 2. Rio Ambyiacu to Guianas and Goyaz 421. LePoRINUS TRIFASCIATUS Steindachner Leporinus trifasciatus Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. Iv Ix. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 13, Rio Huallaga,two,130mm.; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 51; Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,426. Rio Huallaga to the basin of Rio Paraguay 422. LeporINnus HOLOSTICTUS Cope LeporinusholostictusCope,1878,Proc.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XVII,690,Maranon,Ortoncollection; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., LVIII, 330, fig. 20; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 427. Peruvian Amazon 423. LEPORINUS MULiiFASCIATUS Cope Leporinus multifasciatus Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 690, Peruvian Amazon, Orton collection; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proe. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., LVIII, 329; Higenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,427. Peruvian Amazon and tributaries 424. LEPORINUS sp.
—, 4, 85-116 mm., Lago Cashiboya, Allen, August, 1920. —, 147 mm., mouth Rio Pacaya, Allen, August, 1920. Many specimens of Leporinus were taken, especially on the Ucayali, and especially with Prochilodus and the Mylinae while fishing with the tarafa, or thrownet. However most of them have been lost, or at least I was unable to find them while working over the collections in the summer of 1928. Subgenus: Abramites Fowler
308 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 425. LePpORINUS HYPSELONOTUS Giinther Leporinus hypselonotus Giinther, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 244, pl. xxii, several, 6 inches, Xeberos, Bartlett collection; .
Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 690, Peruvian Amazon, Orton collection; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 41; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 426, Borodin, 1929, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., L, 287, pl. xvii, figs. 1-7. AbramiteshypselonotusFowler,1906(1907),Proc.Acad.Nat.Sei.Phila.,LVIIT,331. Orinoco, Maranon, to Rio Paraguay —,3,102-153mm.,Iquitos,Allen,August,1920.
Separated by Fowler from the remaining Leporinus species on the longer basis of the anal fin. Borodin points out the additional characters: weak attachment of the gillmembranes; very deep and hump-backed body, which he regards as a step in the direction of the Tetragonopterines. He accepts Abramites logically as a probable future subgenus.
On the Marafion above Iquitos I encountered a young man who took from his pocket and showed me a mummified specimen of hypselonotus, known to him under the name San Pedro, which he informed me was his “‘lucky piece.’’ The good fortune it was supposed to bring was not at all evident about his person. All of Mr. Bartlett’s specimens were found by Giinther to have the gill-chamber of one side occupied by parasitic Crustacea.
Subfamily: LEPORELLINAE Genus 169: LEPORELLUS Litken Leporellus Liitken, 1874, Overs. Dansk. Vid. Forh. Ixj6benhavn, 129; Eigenmann and Bigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 50; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 427. Type: Leporinus pictus Kner = Leporinus vittatus Cuvier and Valenciennes Range that of the unique species Nares approximated; branchial aperture deeply cleft, branchiostegal membrane free, scarcely adnate to isthmus, by which character it is near the Tetragonopterines.
426. LerorELLUS virTaTus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) Leporinus vittatus Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XXII, 33, Rio Magdalena and RiodasVelhas; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 690, Peruvian Amazon, Orton collection. Leporellus vittatus Littken, 1874 (1875), Overs. Dansk. Vid. Forh. Kjébenhavn, 129; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., LVIII, 327; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 427. Magdalena drainage to Peru and Rio das Velhas