ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 221 HKastern ranges and piedmont of Peru and Bolivia, to the Magdalena and Argentina 13760,60,largestabout95mm.,SantaAna,3400feet,RioUrubamba,EdmundHeller. A. 27-80; lateral line 35-37.
———, 90, up to 117 mm., Perené valley, Lola E. Vance, elevation 2000. Scales 6-8; 31-41; 5-7; humeral spot somewhat elongated on three scales in the series along the lateral line and the next above that series, dark area surrounded by a pale one; caudal spot on peduncle and variably continued to end of middle ‘caudal rays; variation considerable in respect to sex, age, environment, food-supply, but geographic varieties independent of these factors. 15869, 33, 538-148 mm., Rio Chanchomayo, La Merced, Allen, June, 1920. 15870, 30, 57-85 mm., creek, Puerto Bermudez, Allen, July, 1920. 15871, 6, largest 110 mm., Contamana, Allen, August, 1920. 15872, 3, 92-132 mm., mouth Rio Pacaya, Allen, August, 1920. 15873,36,40-112mm.,PuertoMelendez,AltoMaranon,Allen,October,1920. 16046,16057,many,33-110mm.,SantaAna,RioUrubamba,Eigenmann,November,1918. 16123,1,86mm.,Chumataguacreek,aboveCayumbarapids,Allen,September,1918. Pearson has extended the known range to many localities in the basin of the Beni in Bolivia. The altitudinal range is considerable, and rather unusual, extending from the tropical flood plains such as the mouth of the Pacaya up to mountainous situations of at least 3000 feet.
248. AsTYANAX LONGIOR (Cope) TetragonopteruslongiorCope,1878,Proc.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XVII,691,Moyobamba; Higenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 53. Astyanax longior Fowler, 1907, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 341, fig. 29, Moyobamba; Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,433; Eigenmann, 1921, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIIT. iii. 282, pl. Ixix, figs. 3 and 4; pl. Ixxxv, fig.
2.
Huallaga and Maranon basins 249. AsTYANAX MAXIMUS (Steindachner) Tetragonoplerus maximus Steindachner, 1875, Sitzb. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXIT, 43, pl. vil, Tullumayo; Monterico; Steindachner, 1878, Sitzb. KIX. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XVIT, 384. Astyanax maximus Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIIT, 342, the Orton collection, Peruvian Amazon; Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,432; Eigenmann, 1921, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLITI, ili, 289, pl. Ixxxvii, figs. 1-3; Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), XXIII, 91, upper Maranon. TetragonopterusalosaGiinther,1876,Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist.,(4),XVII,399,Monterico. Tetragonopterus rutilus Starks (non Jenyns), 1906, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXX, 777, Rio Perené.
222 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Mountain streams of eastern Peru 13672,1,116mm.,Yahuarmayo,Peru,purchase.
16018, , Rio Azupizu, Allen, July, 1920.
16045, 14, 41-114 mm., Rio Urubamba, Santa Ana, Eigenmann, November, 1918. 16194, 2, 181 and 220 mm., Rio Huallaga, below Cayumba rapids, Allen, October, 1918. 17707,1,107mm.,samedata.
——, 12, 97-133 mm., Moyobamba, Osgood and Anderson. Humeral spot faint or undiscernible altogether; caudal spot large on peduncle, narrowing to end of middle rays; head 4.5; depth 2.5; D. 11; A. #8, 4°; scales 7-8; 38-40; 6; eye 3.3 in the head, 1.5 in the interorbital; rakers 10 + 16, lanceolate, slender, but little shorter than filaments which are } the diameter of the eye. 250. ASTYANAX FASCIATUS (Cuvier) ChalceusfasciatusCuvier,1819,Mém.Mus.Hist.Nat.,V,352,Brazil. TetragonopterusfasciatusCuvierandValenciennes,1848,Hist.Nat.Poiss.,NXIT,149. Astyanax fasciatus Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., LVIII, 346; Jigenmann,1907,Ann.CarnegieMus.,IV,131; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IT, 433; Eigenmann, 1921, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIII, iii, 292, pl. xlv, figs. 1-7; pl. xlix, figs. 2 and3;pl.i,fig.2;pl.xev,fig.1.
Astyanax carolinae Gill, 1870, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXII, 92, Napo or Maranon basin, Orton collection.
TetragonopterusrutilusBoulenger,1887,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,281,Canelos,Ecuador. Mexico to Patagonia 251. ASTYANAX ABRAMIS (Jenyns) TetragonopterusabramisJenyns,1842,Zool.Beagle,Fishes,123,pl.xxiii,fig.1,RioParana. Tetragonopterussp.(?)Cope,1878,Proc.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XVIT,691,PeruvianAmazon. Astyanax abramis Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Aead. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 439, Peruvian Amazon; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 432; Jigenmann, 1921, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIIT, ii, 248; Pearson, 1924 (1925), Ind. Univ. Studies, no. 64, 40, Rio Beni. Orinoco basin to that of La Plata Similar to A. bimaculatus, differing in scale number, having a count of 7-8; 38-49: 6-7; a silvery lateral band, a caudal spot, tapering to the ends of about four middle rays.
Genus 97: CERATOBRANCHIA Eigenmann CeratobranchiaEigenmann,1914,Ind.Univ.Studies,no.19,3; HKigenmann,1927,Mem.Mus.Comp.Zool.,XLITI,iv,356. Type: Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann Central and southern Peru Premaxillary teeth in two parallel series, four in each; the tetragonopteroid outer series dominant; mandibular teeth graduated; caudal with basal third scaled ;
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 223 adipose prominent; origin of dorsal fin near middle of the body; second suborbital in contact with the preopercle beneath.
252. CERATOBRANCHIA OBTUSIROSTRIS EHigenmann CeratobranchiaobtusirostrisEigenmann,1914,Ind.Univ.Studies,no.19,4; Eigenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, iii, 356, pl. bxxxviii, figs. 2 and 3. The Chanchomayo valley of Peru 13154,1,65mm.,type,Chanchomayovalley,Rosenberg(purchased). Elongate (depth 4.66 in the length); antler-like type of gill-rakers at the angle; humeral spot vertical, crossing the third and fourth scales of the lateral line; a dusky lateral band reaching to the ends of the middle rays of the caudal fin. 253. CERATOBRANCHIA BINGHAMI Eigenmann CeratobranchiabinghamiEigenmann,1927,Mem.Mus.Comp.Zool.,XLIII,iv,357,pl.xevi,fig.1. Urubamba valley of southern Peru 13561, 18758, 27, Urubamba at Santa Ana and Rio Comberciato, Heller. 16049,many,27-64mm.,SantaAna,RioUrubamba,Eigenmann,November,1918. Lacking the antlered character of the gill-rakers in obtusirostris, and teeth distinctly unlike.
Genus 98: BRYCONAMERICUS Eigenmann BryconamericusEigenmann,1907,Ann.CarnegieMus.,IV,139; Eigenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIIT, iv, 358. Type: Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann Costa Rica to Argentina I am unable to separate this genus widely enough from its near allies such as Astyanax or Hemibrycon to warrant its removal to the subfamily Characinae in agreement with Gregory and Conrad. Small species not exceeding 132 mm., most prevalent toward the northern extremity of the range. Lateral line complete; caudal naked; second suborbital in contact with lower limb of the preopercle, not leaving a naked triangle below the suture between the first and second suborbitals. 254. BRYCONAMERICUS GROSVENORI Eigenmann Bryconamericus grosvenort Eigenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, iv, 365, pl. xcix, fig.
2.
The basin of the Rio Urubamba, southern Peru 31562 MCZ, 1, 58 mm., type, Rio Comberciato, Heller. 7055 CM, 13757 IU, 16, the largest 60 mm., Rio Comberciato, Heller. 7056 CM, 13761 IU, 9, the largest 40 mm., Santa Ana, Heller. 16048,4,about35-68mm.,creek,RioUrubamba,SantaAna,Kigenmann,November,1918.
224 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA There is confusion as to the origin of the type and as to the locality in which the Eigenmann specimens were collected: in the former case the text says the material was collected by Heller on the Comberciato while the legend with the figure gives Santa Ana as the type locality; in the case of 16048, the description, page 365, assigns the specimens to Santa Clara, while the label in the bottle credits the specimens to Santa Ana.
255. BRYCONAMERICUS DIAPHANUS (Cope) TetragonoplerusdiaphanusCope(inpart),1878,Proc.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XVII,691,Ortoncollection from the Maranon; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 53. Astyanax diaphanus Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIIT, 339, fig. 27. Bryconamericus diaphanus Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 434; Eigenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, iv, 367. The basin of the Maranon The type, 40 mm. long, is the only specimen known; part of the Orton collections at the Philadelphia Academy.
256. BRYCONAMERICUS PHOENICOPTERUS (Cope) TetragonopterusphoenicopterusCope,1871,Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,NXTIT,261,RioAmbyiacu Hauxwell collection; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XTV, 54. AstyanaxphoenicopterusFowler,1907,Proc.Acad.Nat.Sei.Phila.,LVITT,338,fig.26. BryconamericusphoenicopterusEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IT,434; Figenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, iv, 373, pl. Ixix, figs. 5 and 9; pl. Ixxxv, fig.
3.
Rio Ambyiacu The unique type specimen is at the Philadelphia Academy. 257. BRYCONAMERICUS PACHACUTI Eigenmann Bryconamericus pachacuti Eigenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIII, iv, 376, pl. xcix, fig.
3.
Urubamba basin of southern Peru 31563 MCZ, 1, 74 mm., type, Santa Ana, Rio Urubamba, Heller. 7053 CM, 13756 IU, 70, largest 75 mm., paratypes, Santa Ana, Heller. 7054 CM, 2, 46 and 52 mm., Rio Comberciato, Heller. 16051,many,38-81mm.,Urubamba,SantaAna,EKigenmann,November,1918. 258. BRYCONAMERICUS CAUCANUS Eigenmann BryconamericuscaucanusEigenmann,1913,Ind.Univ.Studies,no.18,17; BHigenmann,1922,Mem.CarnegieMus.,LX,151; Eigenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, iv, 387, pl. xxxviii, fig. 1; pl. Ixxv, figs. 2,9,and11; Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), XXIII, 91.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 225 Atlantic and Pacific drainage of Colombia to Maranon Many specimens taken at Tingo de Pauca (upper Maranon) and the tributary Rio Crisnejas, down to Balsas. Close to B. peruanus of the western slopes of Peru and Ecuador, separated in space by the lowest passes of the middle Andes. 259. BRYCONAMERICUS OSGoopI Eigenmann and Allen, sp. nov.
Plate XIV, fig. 6 15915, 1, 61 mm. to end of middle caudal rays, Moyobamba, W. H. Osgood, July, 1912. Near B. alpha, beta, and caucanus, having seven scales where they have six. Head 4.33; depth 2.5; D. 10; A. 28-29; eye more than 3; interorbital 3; scales 7; 39; 5.5 or 6.5; erect, depth 2.7 in length without the caudal; compressed; dorsal and ventral contours convex, the ventral the deeper; slight depression above the occipital; elongate caudally, depth of peduncle 1.3 in its length. Maxillary teeth 4; premaxillary 4-4; manillary bone nearly equal to eye. Anal fin broad, its rays short, its base 3.4 in length of fish; origin of dorsal equidistant from snout and base of caudal, in front of anal, its first ray equal to head; pectoral triangular, its first ray nearly equal to first dorsal ray, and reaching to end of first third of ventral; ventrals small, only slightly longer than their distance from the origin of the anal; caudal forked deeply, the ventral lobe slightly longer.
Lateral line shghtly decurved; scales cycloid and very regular, even over the rounded preventral and predorsal ridges; sheath over base of cephalic half of anal fin. Colors obscured and not well preserved; a small dusky area across nape, another four scale-rows wide obliquely upward from distal end of pectoral; a third about four rows wide from base of dorsal to base of anal; and a fourth band from middle of anal upward. A dusky spot at upper ends of first 3 dorsal rays; pectoral and ventrals apparently uniformly dark; anterior half of anal with longer rays and darker; middle caudal rays and nodes dark.
To W. H. Osgood, who collected the type.
260. BRYCONAMERICUS ALFREDAE Eigenmann BryconamericusalfredaePearson,1924,Ind.Univ.Studies,no.64,43(nom.nud.); Eigenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, iv, 394, pl. xeix, fig. 1; Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), X XIII, 91, Rio Crisnejas. Upper Maranon to Urubamba and Beni basins “Tt is possible that this is the young of Acrobrycon ipanquianus, which is known from specimens twice as long as the largest of these.”’ Larger specimens have about 12 weak teeth, conical or tricuspid, along the greater part of the maxillary border; in the young the more distal teeth are wanting. A. ipanqwianus has 8-9 maxillaries.
Genus 99: BRYCONACIDNUS Myers Bryconacidnus Myers, in Eigenmann and Myers, 1929, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIII, v, suppl., 545.
bo iw) or) FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Type: Hyphessobrycon ellisi Pearson Beni basin, Bolivia, and the Chanchomayo, central Peru “This genus is Bryconamericus with incomplete lateral line.” 261. BRYCONACIDNUS ELLISI (Pearson) HyphessobryconellisiPearson,1924(1925),Ind.Univ.Studies,no.64,39. BryconacidnusellisiMyers,inEigenmannandMyers,1929,Mem.Mus.Comp.Zool.,XLITT,v,545. Rios Beni and Chanchomayo ————, 2. 25 and 26 mm., Rio Chanchomayo, La Merced, Allen, June, 1920. The material on which this species is founded was collected from several localities in the Beni by Dr. Pearson, on the Mulford Expedition, and two specimens were taken by Allen at La Merced. The absence of collections from intermediate points may be due to the lack of thorough exploration in the upper tributaries of the Madre de Dios, Alto Ucayali, and adjacent territory. Genus 100: CREAGRUTUS Ginther Creagrutus Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 339; ‘igenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 435; Kigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,347; EFigenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, iv, 417. Type: Creagrutus miilleri Giinther Colombia to Guiana, Rio Tocantins, and Bolivia Small fishes similar to Astyanax and Bryconamericus, with mouth and anal fin unlike; mandibulars in a single series and the premaxillaries in three series; anal short, having not more than 14 rays; lateral line complete and caudal fin naked. 262. CREAGRUTUS PERUANUS (Steindachner) Piabina peruana Steindachner, 1875, Sitzb. Kix. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX-XIT, 46, Monterico. Creagrutus peruanus Steindachner, 1878, Sitzb. Kis. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XVII, 6; Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 25, Rio Huambo; Eigenmann and Kigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 56; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, HI, 435; Eigenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLITI, iv, 420, pl. xxxv, figs. 4 and 5. Creagrutus nasutus Giinther, 1876, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), XVII, 400. Atlantic streams of Peru 16050, , Rio Urubamba, Eigenmann, 1918.
- 2, 45 and 53 mm., Santa Ana, Heller.
13759, 27, 45-85 mm., Rio Comberciato, Heller. —, 19, 57-93 mm., Rio Chanchomayo, La Merced, Allen, June, 1920.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES Nw ~J 263. CREAGRUTUS MULLERI (Giinther) LeporinusmillertGiinther,1859,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,92. Creagrutus miillert Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 339: Boulenger,1887,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,281; Fic. 26. Entrance to the pound. The one-way door is suspended by lianas so as to close the vestibule within. Fishes trappedinthepoundareremovedbygigging.
Eigenmann and EKigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 56; Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,ITT,435; Eigenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIII, iv, 420, pl. xxxv, figs. 6 and 7. Canelos to the Cauca basin
bo bo 8) Q FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 264. CREAGRUTUS BENI Eigenmann CreagrutusbeniEigenmann,1912,Ann.CarnegieMus.,VIII,172; Eigenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, iv, 421, pl. Iviu, fig. 3; pl. xeiu, figs. 4, 5and7; Pearson, 1924, Ind. Univ. Studies, no. 64, 45, Rio Beni; Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), XXIII, 92. Rio Beni to Colombia, Venezuela, and Rio Tocantins 17600, 29, 43-74 mm., Balsas, upper Maranon, Pearson, 1922. 17601,12,31-70mm.,TingodePauca,upperMaranon,Pearson,1922. 17602,83,28-56mm.,Paipay,RioCrisnejas,Pearson,1922. Genus 101: MICROGENYS Eigenmann MicrogenysEigenmann,1913,Ind.Univ.Studies,no.18,22; figenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, iv, 353. Type: Microgenys minutus Eigenmann Upper Cauca and upper Maranon “Allied to Creagrutus and Bryconamericus, having the anal like the former, and the teeth like the latter.”’ 265. MiIcROGENYS LATIVIRGATUS Pearson Microgenys lativirgatus Pearson, in EKigenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, iv, 355; Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), XXIII, 91. Rio Pusoc, Upper Maranon, northern Peru 17642, 4, cotypes, 56-71 mm., Rio Pusoc, Balsas, Pearson, 1922. Genus 102: CTENOBRYCON Eigenmann Ctenobrycon Eigenmann, 1908, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., LI, 94; EKigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,435; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,362; Eigenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, iv, 330. Type: Tetragonopterus hauxwellianus Cope Rio Paranahyba and Amazons northward Separable from other tetragonopterines by its ctenoid scales, the cycloid scales on the sides of the young becoming ctenoid with age; compressiform; anal long, margin nearly straight; mouth very small, maxillary not reaching the eye; lateral line complete, a long tubular structure extended along the membrane of the midcaudal; the latter naked. Maxillary teeth 2-9; a series of tricuspids on the premaxillary, and an inner series of 5-pointed ones, whose denticles are arranged in a U-shape, the premaxillaries in parallel series.