ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 205 Not clearly separable from other subgenera of Loricaria. Described mostly on the basis of markings and broader, more depressed head than the nearby Parahemiodon spixii. Buccal disk without dark border and without fringed anterior margin.
215. LorRIcARIA MACULATA Bloch Loricaria maculata Bloch, 1794, Ausl. Fische, VIII, 73, pl. 375, fig. 1; Lacépéde, 1803, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 140, South America; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 473; EigenmannandEigenmann,1889,Proce.Cal.Acad.Sci.,(2),II,38; EigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,1,377; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 286, lower Amazon; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 414. PlecostomusmaculatusSwainson,1839,Fish.Amph.Rept.,I,304. LoricariaamazonicaCastelnau,1855,Anim.Amér.Sud,Poiss.,46,pl.xxiii,fig.2. LoricartichthysmaculatusBleeker,1864,Nat.Verh.Holl.Maats.,XX,16. The Guianas to the Amazons and Paraguay 15388, 5, 59-257 mm., Lago Cashiboya, Allen, August, 1920. 15389, 3, 202-240 mm., Contamana, Rio Ucayali, Allen, August, 1920. 15393, 9, 48-98 mm., Gosulimacocha, Rio Morona, Allen, October, 1920. 15652,7,68-230mm.,Iquitos,Morris,1922.
216. LORICARIA UCAYALENSIS Regan Loricartichthys ucayalensis Regan, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), XII, 281, Rio Ucayali. Described from two males, 185 and 220 mm., from an unnamed locality on the Ucayali, collected by Mounsey. Near to L. typus in the form of the lower lip, and to L. maculata in other respects, differing in the larger head, shorter tail, and less elevated dorsal and anal fins.
217. LoricarIA CASHIBO Higenmann and Allen, sp. nov. 15416,1,131mm.toendofmiddlecaudalrays,type,LagoCashiboya,Allen,August,1920. Among the specimens from Lake Cashiboya, one, 131 mm., differs from the remainder notably in the length of the snout, and the width of the head, representing a new species evidently allied to L. maculata, with which, indeed, it was collected. The following comparison is made with a specimen of L. maculata, 188 mm. in length to the end of the middle caudal rays: LorieariamaculataLoricariacashibo Men ops eed arse eee. SG ate RO rc 188 mm. S15 smame snout; melengthiof heady. s.2 2 ..-.2 oe... es aEs 2 1.4 Width of head at anterior margin of eye... . = snout and eye not quite equal to with notch the length of snout alone Interorbital in the length of the snout... . ira 8 ae 20 Bo) aos 1.8 Width of the head in its own length... .
206 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Where in maculata the granular border on the lower surface of the snout is of nearly uniform width, in cashibo it is twice as wide in front as it is along the sides. In maculata the supraoccipital and the plates behind it are smooth; in cashibo there is a double ridge on the supraoccipital, and the plates behind it are bicarinate. In many characters the specimen is not clearly differentiated from L. maculata. For the indigenous tribe of the region, the Cashibos, who have given their name also to the lake, Cashiboya, the type locality, an oxbow lake formed in an old channel of the Ucayali.
218. LoricarRIA EVANSH Boulenger Loricaria evanswi Boulenger, 1892, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), X, 10, pl. i; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 290; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 414. Matto Grosso and Maranon 15983,1,243mm.(208toendofmiddlecaudalray),Iquitos,Morris,1922. 219. LorICcARIA NUDIROSTRIS Kner Loricaria nudirostris Kner, 1854, Denksch. Kk. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 86, pl. iv; Ginther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 259; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, X VII, 288; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 414. Rio Negro and Iquitos 15984,1,200mm.toendofmiddlecaudalrays,Iquitos,Morris,1922. The lips of this specimen interrupted; width of head 1.5 in its own length; scutes 17 + 14 + 11; anal plate, ventral armature present. 220. LoRICARIA PUNCTATA Regan Loricaria punctata Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 285, Manaos and lower Amazon; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 414. Amazons 15394, many, 42-170 mm. to end of middle caudal rays, Rio Paranapura, Yurimaguas, Allen, November, 1920.
15395,9,105-168mm.,RioHuallaga,Yurimaguas,Allen,November,1920. 15396, 1, 188 mm., Iquitos, Allen, September, 1920. 15399, 1, 188 mm., Rio Itaya, Iquitos, Allen, September, 1920. 15981,10,112-167mm.,Iquitos,Morris,1922.
Edge of armored area of ventral surface concave in front, except in 15399, in which it is straight; ventrals truncate, opposite origin of anal, or the fifth ray the longest, the fourth, third, second, and first successively shorter. The spots on the dorsal at the anterior edges of the rays; pectoral with spots on rays and membranes; ventrals with only a few spots.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 207 221. LoRICARIA LAMINA Gunther LoricarialaminaGiinther,1868,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,239,figs.6and7,three,7-8in.; Bigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., (2), IL, 37; EFigenmannandEKigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,385; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soe. London, XVII, 29+; Higenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,415; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,415. Xeberos, Peru Known from the three types.
Fic. 24. An hour’s catch with tarafa, or throw-net. Taken alongtheshoreoftheRioUcayaliduringtherisingstages,when suchfishesasthelisa,bocachica,andpalometoareascendingthe streams in great schools.
222. LORICARIA SIMILLIMA Regan Loricaria similima Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 292, pl. xvii, fig. 2, Canelos, Ecuador; (misspelleds¢milima)Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,415.
208 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Canelos Three specimens which had been referred to L. filamentosa by Boulenger. 223. LORICARIA MACROMYSTAX Giinther LoricariamacromystaxGiinther,1869,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,426,figs.5and6,PeruvianAmazon; KigenmannandEHigenmann,1889,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sci.,(2),H,37; EKigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,385; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 294; Figenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 415. Peruvian Amazon Known from the type, 155 mm. in length.
224. LORICARIA PETLEYI (Fowler) Rhineloricaria petleyi Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCTI, 243, figs. 36-38. Contamana Two specimens, type and paratype, 152 and 172 mm. long, described as having the first pair of scutes adjoining the supraoccipital contiguous with one another; third predorsal scute much exceeding the first and second in length. 225. LORICARIA MORROWI (Fowler) Rhineloricaria morrowt Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 244, figs. 89-41. Contamana, Peru One specimen, the type, 165 mm. in length, with five spines bordering the basis of the dorsal fin.
226. LoRICARIA CARINATA Castelnau LoricariacarinataCastelnau,1855,Anim.Amér.Sud,Poiss.,46,pl.xxiii,fig.83,Amazon; Regan, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), XII, 282. Loricaria cataphracta (in part), Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci, I, 382.
Loricaria (Loricaria) carinata Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XCI, 246, figs. 42 and 43.
Contamana, Peru, on the Ucayali One specimen in the Philadelphia Academy Museum, 305 mm. long. 227. LORICARIA CATAPHRACTA Linnaeus Loricaria dura Linnaeus, 1754, Mus. Adolphi Fred., 79, pl. xxix, figs. 1 and 2; Bleeker, 1864, Nat. Verh. Holl. Maats., (2), XX, 18, Surinam. LoricariacataphractaLinnaeus,1758,Syst.Nat.,ed.x,307; Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat. ed. xii, 508, America; Bloch, 1794, Ausl. Fische, VIII, 76, pl. Ixxv, figs. 3 and 4;
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 209 Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 459:
Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 255; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 681, Rio Maranon; EigenmannandEigenmann,1889,Proce.Cal.Acad.Sci.,(2),II,36; EigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Oec.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,382; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 292; EKigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,ITI,415; EFigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,243.
The Amazons and Guianas 15390,1,186mm.toendofmiddlecaudalrays,RioHuallaga,Yurimaguas,Allen,November,1920. Head 5 to end of plate on side of caudal; depth 11; D. I, 7; A. 6; scutes 21 + 14; the keels approximated, not united from the 22d on; width of head 1.33 in its length, its depth 2.6, eye 6.5, interorbital 5.33; about 7 spoon-shaped teeth in the upper jaw, about 9 similar but shorter ones in the mandibular ramus; lips with numerous papillae over and covering their entire surface, those along the margin of the lower lip bifid, those along the lateral edge, on the margin of the barbel, each with from one to four lateral papillae; barbel reaching to base of pectoral spine; interorbital smooth, slightly convex, without keels; snout near nares tumid; occipital with a single low crest, the two plates behind it bicarinate, the predorsal plate with a single keel; a feeble keel from opposite the middle of the base of the dorsal forward; head naked below, covered with the lips except the marginal granular area which is extended inward in front of the gill-opening; ventral surface covered with small plates from the anus to the lips, anterior margin of the armored part convex, extending forward of the angle of the gill-opening; no preanal plate; about three series of granular plates between the lateral scutes in front of the ventrals, about 7 near the pectorals; pectoral spines very heavy, reaching ventrals, outer ventral rays to end of anal basis; anal rounded, shorter than head; dorsal slightly emarginate, the first ray extending the width of a scute beyond the last when the fin is depressed; upper caudal ray produced. Pectoral and inner part of ventrals blue black; dorsal with a streak of the same color along the posterior half of the membranes, interrupted on the first half of the fin; caudal with a blue black bar across the middle of the upper lobe and continued along the margin of the middle rays and of lower lobe; anal without markings.
15391, 1, 212 mm., Rio Itaya, Iquitos, Allen, September, 1920. Barbels much shorter, not covering the surface of the lips; plates of the ventral surface forming a straight line between gill-openings; width of head 1.25 in its length; occipital with a pair of closely approximated crests; anal and dorsal truncate, the first dorsal ray slightly prolonged, outer pectoral ray extending beyond base of ventrals, outer ventral ray beyond base of anal; dorsal, pectorals and ventrals dark, with lighter spots, anal with a few dark spots, caudal spotted, 4 dark cross-shades behind the dorsal.
15980,9,146-215mm.,Iquitos,Morris,1922.
15393,1,58mm.,Gosulimacocha,Allen,October,1920.
15400,1,66mm.,RioParanapura,Allen,October,1920.
210 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Of this group, the smallest, 15393, is more like 15391 from Iquitos, and the Paranapura specimen from the Yurimaguas region, with its long, falcate ventrals, is more like 15390 from the nearby Huallaga. Three teeth in the upper jaw, 5 in the lower; in both the occipital bicarinate. In 15393 the dorsal has a broad, oblique bar, the caudal black, its outer rays light; in 15400 the dorsal punctate, the caudal dusky. Ranging from the Huallaga to Surinam, we have a species of considerable variability, if not indeed a distinct species in this portion of its range, or species in the making.
228. LORICARIA CLAVIPINNA Fowler Loricaria (Fusiloricaria) clavipinna Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proe. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XCI, 247, figs.
45-47.
Contamana, Peru The type known, a specimen 161 mm. to the tip of the lower caudal lobe, in the collections of the Philadelphia Academy. Noteworthy for the hypertrophied pectoral spine, expanded into a club distally. Genus 88: HEMIODONTICHTHYS Bleeker Hemiodon(nonSwainson)Ikner,1854,Denksch.KIx.Akad.Wiss.Wien,VI,89. HemiodontichthysBleeker,1863,Nederl.Tijdsch.Dierk.,I,81; FigenmannandEHigenmann,1890,Oce.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,358; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVIT, 296; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 415; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,250.
Type: Hemiodon acipenserinus Kner Peruvian Amazonia to Matto Grosso and British Guiana A genus distinguished by the long rostrum, expanded at the extremity, and bearing recurved hooks at the tip; the hooks of the lateral keels more pronounced than in other genera; teeth wanting in the upper jaw, never numerous, nor setiform ; orbital notch more or less distinct.
229. HEMIODONTICHTHYS ACIPENSERINUS (Inner) Hemiodon acipenserinus Kner, 1853, Denksch. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, VI, 92, pl. vii, fig. 2, Rio Guaporé; Matto Grosso.
Loricaria acipenserinus Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 260. HemiodontichthysacipenserinusBleeker,1863,Nederl.Tijdsch.Dierk.,I,81; Eigenmann and Kigenmann, 1889, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., (2), I, 34; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 359; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 296; Eigenmann, 1907, Ann. Carnegie Mus., IV, 120, pl. xxxv, fig. 1; Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,415; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,250.
Iquitos to British Guiana, Matto Grosso 15972, 8, 119-140 mm. to end of middle caudal rays, Iquitos, Morris, 1922.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 211 Genus 89: HARTTIA Steindachner Sturisoma (in part) Swainson, 1838, Fish. Amph. Rept., I, 337. Harttia Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. Kix. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX_XIV, 668; HigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,385; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 415. Oxyloricaria(inpart)Regan,1904,Trans.Zool.Soe.London,XVII,297. Type: Harttia loricariformis Steindachner Peruvian Amazon to Guiana and southeastern Brazil That group of Loricariinae with broad, depressed body and great length of tail, whose lateral plates are without keels; belly naked; adipose wanting; teeth numerous and well developed; a series of broad, paired plates behind the dorsal. 230. HARTTIA FILAMENTISSIMA Eigenmann and Allen, sp. nov. Plate VIII, figs. 1 and 2 15378,1,170mm.toendofmiddlecaudalrays,type,RioHuallaga,Allen,November,1920. 15379,1,120mm.,LagoCashiboya,Allen,August,1920.
Head 5.7; depth 8, equal to snout and eye; D. I, 7; A. I, 5; scutes 15 ++ 16, the lateral keels completely united from the 16th on; head as broad as long, its depth equal to half its length; eye 7 in head, interorbital 3; snout 1.75, rounded, a low ridge along its middle; supraorbital ridges not raised; none of the scutes carinate; lower surface of the head covered with small plates, except where covered with narrow, papillose lips; no free barbel; abdomen completely covered with 5-10 series of small plates between the lateral scutes; a single median plate in front of the anus, a pair of plates covering the sides and area behind it; width at the 15th scute equals snout and half the eye.
Fins all large, the dorsal, the pectorals, and caudal lobes with the first ray greatly prolonged; the dorsal filament 182 mm. long, longer than the fish exclusive of the caudal lobes; lower caudal lobe with its filament 192 mm., the upper filament broken; the pectoral filaments reaching the antepenultimate scute; ventrals reaching a little beyond the base of the anal; uniform sand color. This species 1s evidently closely related to H. platystoma. The eye is smaller, the depth at the dorsal greater, the profile consequently much steeper; the fins much as in platystoma except for the great prolongation of the outer rays of the dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins.
The second specimen differs somewhat in proportions (15379); there is a dusky stripe along the middle of the back, behind the dorsal, and a dusky stripe along the sides; similarly colored stripes on the dorsal, and within the outer rays of the caudal; barbel slightly free; eye 6 in the head, interorbital 3.5. 231. Harrrra mMicrops Eigenmann and Allen, sp. nov.
Plate VIII, figs. 3 and 4; plate IX, fig. 1 15380,5,typeandparatypes,150-174mm.toendofmiddlecaudalrays,Iquitos,Allen,September, 1920.
212 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Head 5.0—-5.33; depth 8.0-8.5, about equal to preorbital; D. I, 7; A. I, 5; scutes 17 or 18 —- 17 or 18, the keels entirely coalesced on the 17th or 18th scute; width of head 1.2 in its length; eye minute, about 12 in the head, 3 in interorbital; interorbital 4 in the head, snout 1.75; snout parabolic, with scarcely perceptible median ridge; the orbital margins not raised; scutes not carinate; lower surface of the head covered with small scales except where covered by the papillose lips; barbel short; belly entirely covered with 5-10 small plates between the lateral series; a single plate in front of the anus, a pair of them on the sides and behind; width at the 17th scute equal to snout and eye or a little wider. Fins medium to large, the dorsal spine not equal to its distance from the snout, not prolonged in a filament; the outer caudal rays prolonged, the upper much longer (310 mm.) than the lower (85 mm.) in the specimen 150 mm. long; one or the other of the filaments is broken in the remaining specimens. First pectoral rays extending to or beyond the origin of the caudal; ventrals reaching to the middle or the end of the base of the anal.
Dusky; outer rays and ends of middle caudal rays light, the lobes of the caudal black; a pair of light spots at the bases continuous or not with the light margin of the middle rays; other fins uniform dark, the outer rays lighter. 232. HARTTIA BREVIROSTRIS (Higenmann and Eigenmann) LoricariabrevirostrisKigenmannandEKigenmann,1889,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sei.,(2),I,35; BigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,367. OxyloricariabrevirostrisRegan,1904,Trans.Zool.Soc.London,XVII,299. HarttiabrevirostrisKigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,415. “Tca”’, Peru, probably a finca The type alone known, 210 mm. to end of caudal, collector W. James. Genus 90: STURISOMA Swainson Sturisoma Swainson, 1838, Fish. Amph. Rept., I, 387; II, 304; Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,ITI,416. Oxyloricaria Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 80; Regan (in part), 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 297. Loricaria(inpart)EigenmannandKigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sc1.,I,366. Type: Loricaria rostrata Spix Panama to Paraguay Separable from other genera of Loricariinae by the strong development of teeth in both jaws; prolonged snout whose lower surface is granular; lateral keels coalescent; orbit without a notch; ventral aspect of the head with small plates; head without keels; anterior profile concave.
233. STURISOMA ROSTRATUM Spix LoricariarostrataSpix,1829,Sel.Gen.etSpec.Pisc.Bras.,5,pl.iii,figs.1and2,Brazil; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 478; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 256;